Towards trustworthy multi-modal motion prediction:Holistic evaluation and interpretability of outputs

Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning.This task is very complex,as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future trajectories can be consid-erable(multi-modal).Most prior approaches proposed to address multi-modal motion prediction are based on complex machine learning systems that have limited interpret-ability.Moreover,the metrics used in current benchmarks do not evaluate all aspects of the problem,such as the diversity and admissibility of the output.The authors aim to advance towards the design of trustworthy motion prediction systems,based on some of the re-quirements for the design of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence.The focus is on evaluation criteria,robustness,and interpretability of outputs.First,the evaluation metrics are comprehensively analysed,the main gaps of current benchmarks are identified,and a new holistic evaluation framework is proposed.Then,a method for the assessment of spatial and temporal robustness is introduced by simulating noise in the perception system.To enhance the interpretability of the outputs and generate more balanced results in the proposed evaluation framework,an intent prediction layer that can be attached to multi-modal motion prediction models is proposed.The effectiveness of this approach is assessed through a survey that explores different elements in the visualisation of the multi-modal trajectories and intentions.The proposed approach and findings make a significant contribution to the development of trustworthy motion prediction systems for autono-mous vehicles,advancing the field towards greater safety and reliability.

Failure evaluation and control factor analysis of slope block instability along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet

The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock mass structures was proposed through field statistics of the slopes and rock mass structures along TCST,which combined the stereographic projection method,modified M-JCS model,and limit equilibrium theory.The instabilities of slope blocks along TCST were then evaluated rapidly,and the different control factors of instability were analyzed.Results showed that the probabilities of toppling(5.31%),planar(16.15%),and wedge(35.37%)failure of slope blocks along TCST increased sequentially.These instability modes were respectively controlled by the anti-dip joint,the joint parallel to slope surface with a dip angle smaller than the slope angle(singlejoint),and two groups of joints inclined out of the slope(double-joints).Regarding the control effects on slope block instability,the stabilization ability of doublejoints(72.7%),anti-dip joint(67.4%),and single-joint(57.6%)decreased sequentially,resulting in different probabilities of slope block instability.Additionally,nearby regional faults significantly influenced the joints,leading to spatial heterogeneity and segmental clustering in the stabilization ability provided by joints to the slope blocks.Consequently,the stability of slope blocks gradually weakened as they approached the fault zones.This paper can provide guidance and assistance for investigating the development characteristics of rock mass structures and the stability of slope blocks.

Evaluation and Application of Flowback Effect in Deep Shale Gas Wells

The pivotal areas for the extensive and effective exploitation of shale gas in the Southern Sichuan Basin have recently transitioned from mid-deep layers to deep layers.Given challenges such as intricate data analysis,absence of effective assessment methodologies,real-time control strategies,and scarce knowledge of the factors influencing deep gas wells in the so-called flowback stage,a comprehensive study was undertaken on over 160 deep gas wells in Luzhou block utilizing linear flow models and advanced big data analytics techniques.The research results show that:(1)The flowback stage of a deep gas well presents the characteristics of late gas channeling,high flowback rate after gas channeling,low 30-day flowback rate,and high flowback rate corresponding to peak production;(2)The comprehensive parameter AcmKm1/2 in the flowback stage exhibits a strong correlation with the Estimated Ultimate Recovery(EUR),allowing for the establishment of a standardized chart to evaluate EUR classification in typical shale gas wells during this stage.This enables quantitative assessment of gas well EUR,providing valuable insights into production potential and performance;(3)The spacing range and the initial productivity of gas wells have a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of gas wells.Therefore,it is crucial to further explore rational well patterns and spacing,as well as optimize initial drainage and production technical strategies in order to improve their performance.

The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Social Phobia among College Students:The Mediating Effect of Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Moderating Effect of Perfectionism

Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.

Efficacy evaluation and survival analysis of the combination of oxaliplatin plus Teysuno (SOX) with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the conversion therapy of locally advanced gastric cancer

Background:The efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer has been explored.However,limited research exists on its effectiveness in conversion therapy,and its superiority over standalone chemotherapy remains to be elucidated.This study aims to investigate the efficacy and survival outcomes of patients treated with ICIs in combination with conversion therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Retrospective data from patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with either oxaliplatin+S-1(SOX)alone or in combination with ICIs in conversion therapywere collected.Clinical andpathological characteristics,disease-free survival,andefficacy assessments in nonoperable patients were compared between the 2 treatment groups.Efficacy was further evaluated through dynamic changes in serum markers,and patients’quality of life was assessed using the QLQ-STO22(Gastric Cancer–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire)quality-of-life measurement scale.Results:A total of 140 patients underwent conversion therapy:80 in the SOX alone group and 60 in the SOX combined with the ICIs group.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups.Compared with the SOX alone group,the SOX combined with ICIs group exhibited a higher conversion rate(83.3%vs 75%,P=0.23),R0 resection rate(90.0%vs 83.3%,P=0.31),pathological complete response(pCR)rate(18%vs 5%,P=0.02),median disease-free survival(21.4 vs 16.9 months,P=0.007),the objective response rate in nonoperable patients(60%vs 40%,P=0.301),and median progression-free survival time(7.9 vs 5.7 months,P=0.009).The QLQ-STO22 quality-of-life assessment revealed statistically significant improvements in pain,swallowing difficulties,and dietary restrictions in the combination therapy group compared with those in the monotherapy group.The enhanced efficacy of immune combination with SOX is evident,as demonstrated by the significantly prolonged surgical duration in operated patients(206.6±26.6 min vs 197.8±19.8 min,P=0.35)and intraoperative blood loss(158.9±21.2 mL vs 148.9±25.1 mL,P=0.59).No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications.Conclusions:Compared with the SOX conversion therapy regimen,SOX combined with ICIs demonstrated higher conversion rates,R0 resection rates,pathological response rates,and disease-free survival without increasing surgical difficulty or complications.Nonoperable patients also experienced longer progression-free survival and objective response rates.

Efficiency evaluation and optimizing implementation strategy of green renovation market in existing residential areas in China

The key to the healthy development of the market for green renovation of existing settlements lies in effectively playing the role of market resource allocation,and scientific evaluation of the current market operation efficiency is a prerequisite for the optimization and adjustment of market operation.Based on the perspective of market operation effectiveness,we start from the connotation and significance of the evaluation of the operation efficiency of the market of green renovation of existing settlements,construct the evaluation index system of the operation efficiency of the market of green renovation of existing settlements,use the hierarchical analysis method(AHP)and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method(Fuzzy),establish the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model,and finally,based on the operation process reengineering,financing model innovation,service platform expansion and market environment improvement,it structures the operation improvement path of the green renovation market of existing settlements and promotes the orderly operation of the green renovation market of existing settlements.

Evaluation and Effect of Agro-meteorological Disasters on Agricultural Production in Liaoning Province

Based on statistic data of agricultural production and meteorological disasters in Liaoning Province from 1971 to 2008,the effect weight,disaster rate and variance value of main agro-meteorological disasters including drought,flood,wind,hail and frozen injury were calculated,and the variation characteristic of time series of agro-meteorological disasters was further analyzed,while the grade division and comprehensive evaluation of agro-meteorological disasters were carried out in our paper.The results showed that there was a negative correlation between grain yield and the degree of agro-meteorological disasters,and agro-meteorological disasters were relatively serious in 1989,1997 and 2000,with the reduction of grain yield.Meanwhile,the occurrence frequency of light disasters was highest,accounting for 39% of total years,and the adverse effect of agro-meteorological disasters on agricultural production became more and more severe decade by decade;the effect weight of drought reached 63%,so drought was the main agro-meteorological disaster influencing agricultural production.

Evaluation and simulation analysis of China's copper security evolution trajectory

Copper metal is one important raw material of national economy, and its security is tightly linked with industrialization process. A comprehensive security evaluation index system, including three first class indicators, nine second class indicators and fourteen third class indicators, was constructed based on the pressure-state-response （PSR） model. And efficacy coeff^cient method was adopted in dimensionless treatment and entropy method was used to obtain the weight. Then, the data of China＇s copper from 1992 to 2011 were studied and collected. By processing these data, a comprehensive safety index of China＇s copper was got. The results showed that the comprehensive safety index of China＇s copper rose from its low point. The safety pressure state of China＇s copper was improved. The safety state of China＇s copper continued to be tight. The response state continued to rise. The overall situation of China＇s copper safety was improving, but still not optimistic.

CMIP6 Evaluation and Projection of Temperature and Precipitation over China

This article evaluates the performance of 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)models in simulating temperature and precipitation over China through comparisons with gridded observation data for the period of 1995–2014,with a focus on spatial patterns and interannual variability.The evaluations show that the CMIP6 models perform well in reproducing the climatological spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation,with better performance for temperature than for precipitation.Their interannual variability can also be reasonably captured by most models,however,poor performance is noted regarding the interannual variability of winter precipitation.Based on the comprehensive performance for the above two factors,the“highest-ranked”models are selected as an ensemble(BMME).The BMME outperforms the ensemble of all models(AMME)in simulating annual and winter temperature and precipitation,particularly for those subregions with complex terrain but it shows little improvement for summer temperature and precipitation.The AMME and BMME projections indicate annual increases for both temperature and precipitation across China by the end of the 21st century,with larger increases under the scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5/Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5(SSP585)than under scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2/Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5(SSP245).The greatest increases of annual temperature are projected for higher latitudes and higher elevations and the largest percentage-based increases in annual precipitation are projected to occur in northern and western China,especially under SSP585.However,the BMME,which generally performs better in these regions,projects lower changes in annual temperature and larger variations in annual precipitation when compared to the AMME projections.

Evaluation and Screening of Aceraceae Germplasm Resources

[Objective] The aim was to screen out excellent Aceraceae germplasm resources which can be applied in gardens and urban landscape. [Method] The set of 17 biological traits of 24 Aceraceae species were observed and recorded. Taking into consideration aesthetic evaluation of different groups of people, the studied species were graded in quantitative scale. The species with higher overall score is considered better germplasm resource. [Result] The Aceraceae species with top ten highest overall scores were： Acer japonicum ＇Aconitifolium＇ （45.5）, Acer palmatum var. thunbergii （43.8）, Acer palmatum （41.8）, Acer elegantulum （39.2）, Acer elegantulum var. macrurum （39.2）, Acer rubrum （39.1）, Acer Cordatum（38.8）, Acer truncatum （38.3）, Acer olivaceum （37.7） and Acer acutum （37.3）. [Conclusion] The above ten species can be used preferentially as excellent Aceraceae germplasm resources for landscaping.

Evaluation and Development of the Forest Ecotourism Resources on Walking Route from Pai Town to Mêdog County

Pai Town-Medog County Route is known as the first hiking route in China, which is a part of Tibet tourism product, as well as a business card of Linzhi tourism. The route is abundant with natural and human resources. In the research, quantitative and qualitative methods were integrated and scientific evaluation and analysis were made on tourism resources along the route according to National Standard of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, with countermeasures proposed.

First Evaluation and Frequency Measurement of the Strontium Optical Lattice Clock at NIM

An optical lattice clock based on 87Sr is built at National Institute of Metrology （NIM） of China. The systematic frequency shifts of the clock are evaluated with a total uncertainty of 2.3×10-16. To measure its absolute frequency with respect to NIM＇s cesium fountain clock NIM5, the frequency of a flywheel H-maser of NIM5 is transferred to the Sr laboratory through a 50-kin-long fiber. reference frequency of this H-maser, is used for the optical this Sr clock is measured to be 429228004229873.7（1.4）Hz. A fiber optical frequency comb, phase-locked to the frequency measurement. The absolute frequency of

Evaluation and Characteristic Advantages of Rural Tourist Resources in Shaanxi Province,China

The concept of rural tourist resources was introduced to analyze the present rural tourism development in Shaanxi Province,tourist resources in its rural areas were investigated comprehensively,structures,quantity and quality of 7 major types of both natural and cultural tourist resources were evaluated,and resource combinations were also analyzed from the perspective of geological location.Characteristics and advantages of rural tourist resources in Shaanxi Province were summarized as "abundant,diversified and high-quality";rural cultural tourist resources took the Absolute predominance and had great development potentials;cultural tourist resources such as folk cultures had distinctive regional features;rural natural tourist resources had obvious regional characteristics;resources were reasonably combined,each resource region had its own features.This study aimed at providing scientific support for the development,planning and protection of rural tourist resources in Shaanxi Province.

CMIP6 Evaluation and Projection of Precipitation over Northern China:Further Investigation

Based on 20 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),this article explored possible reasons for differences in simulation biases and projected changes in precipitation in northern China among the allmodel ensemble(AMME),“highest-ranked”model ensemble(BMME),and“lowest-ranked”model ensemble(WMME),from the perspective of atmospheric circulations and moisture budgets.The results show that the BMME and AMME reproduce the East Asian winter circulations better than the WMME.Compared with the AMME and WMME,the BMME reduces the overestimation of evaporation,thereby improving the simulation of winter precipitation.The three ensemble simulated biases for the East Asian summer circulations are generally similar,characterized by a stronger zonal pressure gradient between the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific and East Asia and a northward displacement of the East Asian westerly jet.However,the simulated vertical moisture advection is improved in the BMME,contributing to the slightly higher performance of the BMME than the AMME and WMME on summer precipitation in North and Northeast China.Compared to the AMME and WMME,the BMME projects larger increases in precipitation in northern China during both seasons by the end of the 21st century under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5(SSP5-8.5).One of the reasons is that the increase in evaporation projected by the BMME is larger.The projection of a greater dynamic contribution by the BMME also plays a role.In addition,larger changes in the nonlinear components in the BMME projection contribute to a larger increase in winter precipitation in northern China.

The Research on Evaluation and Development Value of Landscape Resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City in China

The paper had pointed out that landscape resources were the roots that forest park attracted tourists, and objective and correct evaluation on landscape resources was the foundation to identify development tendency of forest park. Based on the field study, it had firstly conducted qualitative evaluation on landscape resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City, concluded that forest landscape had distinctive feature and high quality, sceneries in forest were splendid and colorful, landscape combination was good and forest ecological environment was excellent in quality. Furthermore, in accordance with China Forest Park Landscape Resources Quality Grade Evaluation (GB/T18005-1999), quantitative evaluation had been conducted on landscape resources of Junwu Forest Park in Liuzhou City. On this basis, it had deeply analyzed development value of Junwu Forest Park, highlighting its forest aesthetics, popular science education, health care, tourism culture and tourism economic value, so as to provide reference for its planning and development.

Effect Evaluation and Intelligent Prediction of Power Substation Project Considering New Energy

The evaluation of the implementation effect of the power substation project can find out the problems of the project more comprehensively,which has important practical significance for the further development of the power substation project.To ensure accuracy and real-time evaluation,this paper proposes a novel hybrid intelligent evaluation and prediction model based on improved TOPSIS and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)optimized by a Sperm Whale Algorithm(SWA).Firstly,under the background of considering the development of new energy,the influencing factors of power substation project implementation effect are analyzed from three aspects of technology,economy and society.Moreover,an evaluation model based on improved TOPSIS is constructed.Then,an intelligent prediction model based on SWA optimized LSTM is designed.Finally,the scientificity and accuracy of the proposed model are verified by empirical analysis,and the important factors affecting the implementation effect of power substation projects are pointed out.

Research on Evaluation and Optimization of Regional Land Use Structure Efficiency

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to judge the rationality of land use structure from new perspectives and method. [Method] The theory of data en- velopment analysis （DEA） has been employed in this article. A case study of evalu- ation of land use structure for Wujin district in 2012 is provided to illustrate the ap- plication of this research model. At the micro perspective, land use efficiency has been analyzed by use of data envelopment analysis model. The optimization and adjustment direction in land use structure has been pointed out from the view point of land use efficiency. [Result] The result has shown that the research method based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis model can effectively overcome the drawback of traditional evaluation techniques. Compared with the tra- ditional methods, the new optimization model based on a structure of the multi-crite- ria factors and objective weighting method can evaluate the rationality of land use structure more comprehensively.

Machine tool selection based on fuzzy evaluation and optimization of cutting parameters

The paper analyzes the factors influencing machine tool selection. By using fuzzy mathematics theory, we establish a theorietical model for optimal machine tool selection considering geometric features, clamping size, machining range, machining precision and surface roughness. By means of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the membership degree of machine tool selection and the largest comprehensive evaluation index are determined. Then the reasonably automatic selection of machine tool is realized in the generative computer aided process planning （CAPP） system. Finally, the finite element model based on ABAQUS is established and the cutting process of machine tool is simulated. According to the theoretical and empirical cutting parameters and the curve of surface residual stress, the optimal cutting parameters can be determined.

From the new Austrian tunneling method to the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method

The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.

Porosity Evaluation and the Power Spectral Densities Analyses of Carbon-Nickel Composite Films Annealed at Different Temperatures

The densification and the fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed at different temperatures 300, 500, 800, and 1000℃ with emphasis on porosity evaluation are investigated. For this purpose, the refractive index of films is determined from transmittance spectra. Three different regimes are identified, T 〈 500℃, 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ and T 〉 800℃. The Rutherford baekscattering spectra show that with increasing the annealing temperature, the concentration of nickel atoms into films decreases. It is shown that the effect of annealing temperatures for increasing films densification at T 〈 500℃ and T 〉 800℃ is greater than the effect of nickel concentrations. It is observed that the effect of decreasing nickel atoms into films at 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ strongly causes improving porosity and decreasing densification. The fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed from 300 to 500℃ are increased, while from 500 to 1000℃ these characteristics are decreased. It can be seen that at 800℃, films have maximum values of porosity and roughness.