Correlation of cognitive function with acetylcholinesterase activity and P300 event-related potential of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: At present, central cholinergic neuron system is regarded the most major structural basis of cognitive function. Changes in structure of cholinergic neuron system of brain and receptor expression after brain injury can cause cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively observe the intelligence quotient (IQ), latent period and wave amplitude of P300 event-related potential and the difference of activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with non-diabetes mellitus, and analyze the correlation of IQ of cognitive impairment patients with diabetes mellitus with AChE activity, latent period and wave amplitude of P300 event-related potential in cerebrospinal fluid. DESIGN: Correlation analysis of contrast observation. SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received the treatment in the Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College between April 2004 and April 2005 were recruited, serving as diabetes mellitus group. They, including 19 male and 13 female, aged 49 to 73 years, with disease course of 4 to 11 years, all met the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus revised by World Health Organization in 1999. Another 30 patients with non-diabetes mellitus who homeochronously underwent lumbar anesthesia in the Department of Surgery and Department of Gynecology were recruited, serving as non-diabetes mellitus group. The 30 patients included 18 male and 12 female, and their age ranged from 46 to 71 years. Informed consents of detected items were obtained from the involved patients. METHODS: ① Evaluation on IQ: The IQ of involved subjects was evaluated with Chinese Version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale revised by Gong Yao-xian (WAIS-RC). WAIS-RC included 6 verbal subscales and 5 performance subscales. The test scores of the 11 subscales integrated into the scores of the whole scale, and the scores on the WAIS-RC included verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ) and full scale IQ (FIQ). FIQ ≤79 scores indicated low IQ and FIQ≤69 indicated intelligence impairment. ② Detection of P300 wave: P300 wave was detected with evoked potential instrument (MYTOPRO, Italian), and data of latent period and amplitude of P300 event-related potential were automatically shown by computer. ③ Detection of AChE activity in blood and cerebrospinal fluid: Activity of AChE of blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured with biochemical methods by using CORNING-560 autoanalyzer. ④Correlation analysis: Correlation of FIQ with AChE of cerebrospinal fluid and P300 wave of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was analyzed. t test was used in intergroup comparison and linear correlation analysis for relevant treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of IQ, latent period and wave amplitude of P300 wave as well as the activity of AChE between two groups. ② Analysis on the correlation of FIQ of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with AChE of cerebrospinal fluid and P300 wave. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients with diabetes mellitus and 30 non-diabetes mellitus participated in the result analysis. ① Comparison of IQ, latent period and wave amplitude of P300 wave as well as the activity of AChE between two groups: The scores of VIP, PIQ and FIQ of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were (97.4±10.4),(92.6±8.4) and (95.2±9.7) scores, respectively; and those of patients with non-diabetes mellitus were (104.7±9.6),(102.5±8.5)and(102.7±8.9) scores, respectively, and P < 0.05-0.01 was set in intergroup comparison. The latent period of P300 wave at points Fz , Cz and Pz of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was (370.8±41.8),(371.5±39.1)and (375.1±43.1) ms, respectively, and that of patients with non-diabetes mellitus was (332.1±28.3),(335.7±29.4)and(339.7±27.3) ms, respectively, and P < 0.01 was set in intergroup comparison; Wave amplitude of P300 of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was (8.6±4.1),(8.6±4.0) and(7.7±4.0) μV, respectively and that of patients with non-diabetes mellitus was (11.9±4.1),(11.5±4.4) and (10.9±5.0) μV, respectively , and P < 0.05-0.01 was set in intergroup comparison; The level of AChE in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was (235.61±50.34)and (17.89±4.46) μkat/L, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of patients with non-diabetes mellitus [(205.03±44.15)and (14.63±0.48) μkat /L, respectively], and P < 0.05-0.01 was set in the intergroup comparison. ② Correlation of FIQ value of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with AChE of cerebrospinal fluid and P300 wave: The value of FIQ was significantly negatively correlated with the AChE activity of cerebrospinal fluid (r=-0.588 1, P < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with the latent period at points Fz, C and Pz of P300 wave (r= -0.700 5, -0.689 4, -0.688 5, P < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with the amplitude at points Fz , Cz and Pz of P300 wave(r= 0.607 4,0.616 1,0.592 0,P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ① Cognitive impairment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus might be related to the increase of activity of AChE in cerebrospinal fluid. ② Combined application of examination of P300 wave and evaluation of IQ is more useful in deciding the state of cognitive function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Relationships among Event-Related Potentials, Memory, and Schizophrenic Symptoms in College Students with Schizotypal-Traits

The present study investigated the relationships among event-related potentials (ERPs), memory, and schizophrenic symptoms in college students with schizotypal-traits. Scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were used to categorize the participants into schizotypal-trait (n = 30) and normal control (n = 37) groups. ERPs were assessed using an auditory oddball paradigm, in which a series of standard tones (1000 Hz) and target tones (1500 Hz) were presented;participants were asked to count the number of presented target tones. The verbal memory and visual memory of the participants were evaluated using the Korean version of the California Verbal Learning Test (K-CVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), respectively. The schizotypal-trait and control groups did not differ in terms of age, educational level, IQ score, accuracy on the auditory oddball task, or performance on the K-CVLT and RCFT measures. However, the schizotypal-trait group exhibited significantly smaller P300 amplitudes than the control group. Additionally, the P300 amplitudes measured at Cz and Pz were negatively correlated with the cognitive-perceptual factor scores on the SPQ. Thus, the present results indicate that reduced P300 amplitudes may represent a biological marker of schizophrenia.

Progress in the application of P300 in depression

Depression is a common mental disor-der with low mood,loss of interest and pleasure as main symptoms.Because of depending on the subjective diag-nosis of psychiatrists,its diagnosis is no reliable objective basis.P300 research findings can be used as an objective diagnostic indicator for patients.This paper mainly intro-duces the current research status of event-related poten-tials for depression and introduces the scientific research and clinical significance of P300 for depression.

Forensic Study on Objective Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with the Event-related Potential P3

Objective In this study,we aimed to assess the characteristics of the P3 component from an event-related potential(ERP)that was induced by visual acuity(VA)processing.Furthermore,we sought to provide electrophysiological evidence for the objective evaluation of VA.Methods We recruited 32 participants with myopia-related ametropia.They reported no other ocular diseases and had an uncorrected VA of 4.0 in both eyes.We used the block letter“E”at different visual angles and orientations as the graphic stimuli.The oddball paradigm,consisting of 4 modules,was used for ERP analysis.The standard stimuli of each module were identical,with a visual angle of 1°15′.The visual angles of the target stimuli were 1°15′,55′,24′,and 15′.The VA test was performed on each eye separately for all participants,and all characteristics of the P3 component were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15′group and the 55′group,or between the target stimulation angle 24′group and the 15′group.There was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15′group and the 24′group as well as the 15′group.There was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 55′group and the 24′group as well as the 15′group.No significant differences were observed in the P3 amplitude between modules.Conclusion In the oddball paradigm,P3 elicitation indicated a cognitive response to the target stimuli.These data showed that the characteristics of P3 can be used as an objective evaluation of VA.

Behavioral inhibition in female college students with schizotypal traits: An event-related potential study

This study investigated behavioral inhibition in female college students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits using a Go/NoGo task and event-related potentials (ERPs). The schizotypal-trait (n = 15) and normal control (n = 15) groups were selected based on scores of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The Go/NoGo task consisted of Go (requires response) and NoGo (requires no response) conditions. In terms of response time and accuracy rate for the Go/NoGo task, the two groups did not differ significantly. In terms of ERPs, the control group showed greater N2 amplitudes in response to NoGo (NoGo-N2) than to Go stimuli (Go-N2), whereas the schizotypal-trait group showed no significant difference in NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes. In addition, the schizotypal-trait group showed reduced NoGo-N2 amplitudes at the frontal site compared to controls, and an association between SPQ scores and NoGo-N2 amplitudes measured at the frontal site. The two groups did not differ in P3 amplitudes. Since the N2 reflects the detection of response conflict and behavioral inhibition, the present results indicate that nonclinical individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in detecting response conflict and behavioral inhibition.

P_(300)电位测定对脑卒中后抑郁患者认知功能的评价作用

目的 探讨P300电位在评价脑卒中后抑郁患者认知功能中的作用及其临床价值。方法 对68例脑卒中后抑郁患者和 70名健康者进行了P300电位测定,并将两组结果进行了比较。结果 脑卒中后抑郁患者的P300电位成分中N2、P3波潜伏期[分别为(252. 9±24. 6)ms和(368. 2±28. 5)ms]延长及P3波幅(2. 4 ±1. 8)μν降低,与对照组比较存在显著性差异(P<0. 01)。结论 P300电位能及早反映脑卒中后抑郁患者的认知状况,对其临床治疗有重要价值。

精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P300及其与发病次数的关系

目的探讨首发与复发精神分裂症患者的电生理机制差异。方法对28例精神分裂症首次发作患者(首发组)、32例复发精神分裂症患者(复发组)进行事件相关电位P300的测定,测量其错误数和反应时,潜伏期和波幅,并与30名健康志愿者的结果进行比较。结果①患者组的反应时显著长于对照组(t=8.25,P<0.05);正确率差异无统计学意义;②与对照组相比,患者组在C3、C4电极处,潜伏期均显著延迟(t=2.47,2.56;P<0.05);Fz、Cz、C3、C4点波幅均显著降低(t=3.12,4.14,4.27,3.08;P<0.05);③与首发组相比,复发组在C3、C4、Fz点的潜伏期显著延迟(t=2.58,3.07,6.78;P<0.05);C3、C4、Fz、Cz点波幅均显著降低(t=5.13,4.55,8.35,4.70;P<0.05)。结论首发、复发精神分裂症患者认知功能均受损,且复发患者受损程度大于首发患者。提示患者认知功能受损是一个累积下降的过程。

血管源性痴呆的事件相关电位P_(300)研究

目的 评价事件相关电位 P30 0 在血管源性痴呆 ( Vascular dementia,VD)认知功能障碍诊断中的价值。方法 对 3 0例 VD和 3 0例正常人 ,利用磁共振成像 ( MRI)技术测定额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶和海马结构的体积 ,采用简明精神状态量表 ( MMSE)、简易痴呆筛查量表 ( BSSD)和瑞文标准智力测验量表 ( RSPM)评定认知功能 ,记录分析听觉刺激诱发的事件相关电位 P30 0 。结果 ( 1)与正常对照比较 ,VD患者额叶和颞叶体积显著缩小 ,而顶叶、枕叶和海马结构的体积无显著差异。 ( 2 ) VD患者 MMSE、BSSD和 RSPM3种量表的评分均显著低于正常对照。 ( 3 ) VD患者 MMSE、BSSD评分的降低与额叶、颞叶萎缩程度和局限病灶位于额叶、颞叶相关。 ( 4 ) VD患者 P30 0峰潜伏时 ( peak latency,PL)较正常对照明显延长。 ( 5 ) VD患者 P30 0 PL 的延长与额叶、颞叶的萎缩程度和局限病灶位于额叶、颞叶相关。 ( 6) VD患者 P30 0 PL 的延长与认知功能损害的严重程度相关。结论 ( 1) P30 0 可以作为认知功能评价的客观指标。 ( 2 ) VD患者额叶和颞叶的萎缩与其认知功能障碍有关。 ( 3 ) P30 0 PL 的延长可反映 VD患者脑局部病理改变。 ( 4 ) P30 0 PL 的延长可客观反映 VD患者认知功能损害的严重程度。 ( 5 ) P30 0 在临床上?

大学生睡眠障碍与事件相关电位P_(300)的实验研究

目的 探讨大学生睡眠障碍的事件相关电位 (P30 0 )的变化。方法 对 5 0例睡眠障碍者和 31例对照者 ,分别记录Cz ,Pz的事件相关电位。结果 睡眠障碍组的P30 0 潜伏期 (PL)延长 ,波幅 (AMP)降低 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 ;比较睡眠障碍组中工科与医科的P30 0 改变 ,发现工科睡眠障碍者PL延长 ,AMP下降 ,差异有显著性。结论 睡眠障碍可能影响大脑皮层认知电位的改变 ,认知功能可能受损。

2型糖尿病病人事件相关电位P_(300)的研究

目的通过对2型糖尿病患者进行事件相关电位(ERP)的检测,早期发现病人认知功能异常程度及相关因素。方法用Nicolet Viking Ⅳ型肌电图/诱发电位仪对30例2型糖尿病患者和30例年龄、性别、教育程度相匹配的健康人进行事件相关电位P300检测。对两组间ERP各参数的差异进行方差分析、t检验及Poisson分析,观察病例组ERP各参数变化与糖基血红蛋白、血脂之间的关系。结果(1)不同性别及文化程度的正常人中P300的波峰潜伏期无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)与正常对照组相比,2型糖尿病患者P300波峰潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01),波幅显著下降(P<0.05)。(3)2型糖尿病患者P300波峰潜伏期的延长与糖基血红蛋白、血脂的增高相关(P<0.05)。结论ERP是检测2型糖尿病患者认知功能障碍的敏感指标,有助于早期发现糖尿病患者的潜在性痴呆。

儿童癫癎患者认知功能和事件相关电位P_(300)的研究

目的 探讨儿童癫患者认知功能状况和P3 0 0 特点及二者关系。方法 对 38例儿童癫采用odd ball刺激序列检测P3 0 0 ,采用中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表 (WISC -RC)测定智商。结果 1.癫儿童智商低于正常 6 5 .8% ,智力损害 2 8.9% ;2 .P3 0 0 潜伏期和波幅较对照组明显延长和降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,且智力正常的癫组P3 0 0 潜伏期和波幅较对照组也明显延长和降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3.相关分析显示P3 0 0 潜伏期与各智商间均呈显著负相关 (r =- 0 .2 76～ - 0 .32 7 P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,波幅与语言智商、总智商呈显著正相关。结论 癫儿童存在不同程度的认知障碍 ,智商和P3 0 0 有密切关系 ,但二者又不完全等同 。

精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P_(300)与PANSS的相关性研究

目的 研究精神分裂症患者急性期事件相关电位P3 0 0 与精神病理症状的关系。方法 采用美国NicoletBravo脑电生理仪 ,检测 4 0例精神分裂症患者及 36例健康对照的P3 0 0 成分 ,并运用阳性和阴性症状量表 (positiveandnegativesyndromescale,PANSS) ,对患者进行精神症状的评定 ,选择PANSS量表中阳性、阴性量表分值。结果 与正常对照相比 ,靶P3 0 0 波幅在四个记录区 (C3 、C4、CZ、PZ)差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,P3 0 0 潜伏期差异 (P >0 .0 5 )不显著 ,靶波幅P3 0 0 在C3 、C4、CZ、PZ 四个记录区均与阴性症状呈负相关。结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知功能的损害 ,P3 0 0

正常人年龄、性别与听觉P_(300)的关系

目的 探讨正常人年龄、性别因素对听觉事件相关电位中P3 0 0 的影响。方法 对 6 0名不同年龄组正常人进行听觉P3 0 0 测试 ,记录其潜伏期 (PL)和波幅 (Amp) ,并对数据进行统计学处理。结果 <5 9岁的两组正常人分别与≥ 6 0岁组正常人相比 ,P3 0 0 潜伏期和波幅的差异均有显著性。直线相关分析提示 :全年龄组内P3 0 0 的潜伏期和波幅分别与年龄呈正、负相关关系。 6 0名正常人中P3 0 0 各成分在性别上的差异无显著性。结论 年龄对P3 0 0 的潜伏期及波幅均有影响 ,随着年龄的增加 ,PL延长 ,Amp降低 ;但性别对P3 0 0

精神分裂症患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与P300的相关

目的探讨精神分裂症患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)与事件相关电位P300的关系。方法随机将年龄在18~65岁之间符合CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准患者45例作为试验组,选择45例健康者作为对照组。同时采用酶联免疫法检测血清Hcy水平及以P300评定认知功能,并将结果加以分析、比较。结果与对照组相比,研究组CZ、PZ点N1、P2、N2、P3潜伏期均明显延长(t=2.36~3.86,P<0.05或0.01),研究组CZ、PZ点N2、P3波幅明显降低(t=3.06~5.27,P<0.01);研究组血清Hcy水平高于对照组(t=2.76,P<0.01);CZ、PZ点P300潜伏期与血清Hcy水平呈正相关(r=0.36~0.49,P<0.05或0.01),CZ、PZ点P300波幅与血清Hcy水平则呈负相关(r=-0.47^-0.51,P<0.01)。结论精神分裂症患者血清Hcy水平升高,其认知功能损害可能与血清Hcy代谢异常有关。

血管性痴呆的智能测验与P_(300)的相关性

目的 观察血管性痴呆患者的智能测验分与事件相关电位P30 0 潜伏期的相关性。方法 应用长谷川信彦痴呆量表测验血管性痴呆组 (2 7例 )和智能正常对照组 (33例 )两组患者智能。同时检测两组患者P30 0 潜伏期 ,并观察两组患者智能测验分与P30 0 潜伏期的相关性。结果 两组患者智能测验分有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,P30 0 潜伏期有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,智能测验分与P30 0 潜伏期呈明显负相关。结论 P30 0 潜伏期的延迟程度可反映血管性痴呆患者智能障碍的程度 ,是检查血管性痴呆的客观可靠指标。

抽动-秽语综合征患儿认知功能与事件相关电位P_(300)的相关性研究

目的探讨抽动 秽语综合征患儿听觉事件相关电位P3 0 0 与认知功能的相关性 ,评价P3 0 0 在认知功能测试中的应用价值。方法对 3 8例TS患儿和 40例正常儿童采用韦氏儿童智力量表测试认知功能 ,采用oddball刺激序列检测P3 0 0 。结果TS组P3 0 0 潜伏期为 (3 66.0 7± 2 7.2 5 )ms ,波幅为 (7.2 1± 4.45 ) μV ;认知功能测试言语智商 83 .65± 9.14 ,操作智商 90 .3 2± 8.2 9,,总智商 87.46± 8.63 ;相关分析显示P3 0 0 潜伏期与认知功能评分呈显著负相关 (r = 0 .2 16,P <0 .0 5 ) ,波幅与认知功能评分呈显著正相关 (r =0 .197,P <0 .0 5 )。结论TS患儿存在一定程度的认知功能障碍 ,事件相关电位P3 0 0 是表达认知功能的一个省时。

帕罗西汀对卒中后抑郁P_(300)的影响

目的 通过对卒中后抑郁 (PSD)患者帕罗西汀治疗前后P30 0 的研究 ,探讨PSD患者认知损害的发生机制。方法 选择符合第 2版《中国精神障碍诊断标准》的 4 6例PSD患者 ,其中脑梗死 2 9例 ,脑出血 17例。治疗前后均经汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD) ,简易精神状态检查法 (MMSE)及听觉oddball刺激序列事件相关电位 (P30 0 )检测。t -test检验结果显示治疗前后均数有显著性差异。结果 治疗后PSD患者P3潜伏期显著缩短 (P <0 .0 1)且波幅显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;治疗前后PSD患者MMSE具显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 PSD患者的认知损害可能与 5

精神分裂症患者视觉P_(300)研究

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