Experimental study on reactions between alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes: constraints on the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton

The experimental results of the reactions between an alkaline basaltic melt and mantle orthopyroxenes under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1300–1400℃ and 2.0–3.0 GPa using a six-anvil apparatus are reported in this paper.The reactions are proposed to simulate the interactions between melts from the asthenospheric mantle and the lithospheric mantle.The starting melt in the experiments was made from the alkaline basalt occurring in Fuxin,Liaoning Province,and the orthopyroxenes were separated from the mantle xenoliths in Damaping,Hebei Province.The results show that clinopyroxenes were formed in all the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes under the studied P–T conditions.The formation of clinopyroxene in the reaction zone is mainly controlled by dissolution–crystallization,and the chemical compositions of the reacted melt are primarily infl uenced by the diff usion eff ect.Temperature is the most important parameter controlling the reactions between the melt and orthopyroxenes,which has a direct impact on the melting of orthopyroxenes and the diff usion of chemical components in the melt.Temperature also directly controls the chemical compositions of the newly formed clinopyroxenes in the reaction zone and the reacted melt.The formation of clinopyroxenes from the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt and orthopyroxenes can result in an increase of CaO and Al_(2)O_(3) contents in the rocks containing this mineral.Therefore,the reactions between the alkaline basaltic melt from the asthenospheric mantle and orthopyroxenes from the lithospheric mantle can lead to the evolution of lithospheric mantle in the North China Craton from refractory to fertile with relatively high CaO and Al 2 O 3 contents.In addition,the reacted melts in some runs were transformed from the starting alkaline basaltic into tholeiitic after reactions,indicating that tholeiitic magma could be generated from alkaline basaltic one via reactions between the latter and orthopyroxene.

Behavior of Siderophile and Chalcophile Elements in the Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Changbaishan Volcano,NE China

The mantle xenoliths in the Quaternary ChangbaishanVolcano in southern Jilin Province contain spinel-facies lherzolites. The equilibration temperatures for these samples range from 902℃ to 1064℃ based on the two-pyroxene thermometer of Brey and Kohler （1990）, and using the oxybarometry of Nell and Wood （1991）, the oxidation state was estimated from FMQ-1.32 to -0.38 with an average value of FMQ-0.81 （n = 8）, which is comparable to that of abyssal peridotites and the asthenospheric mantle. ThefO2 values of peridotites, together with their bulk rock compositions （e.g., Mg#, Al2O3, CaO, Ni, Co, Cr） and mineral compositions （e.g., Mg# of olivine and pyroxene, Cr# [=Cr/ [Cr＋Al]] and Mg# [=Mg/[Mg＋Fe2~] of spinel）, suggest that the present-day subcontinental lithospheric mantle （SCLM） beneath the Changbaishan Volcano most likely formed from an upwelling asthenosphere at some time after the late Mesozoic and has undergone a low degree of partial melting. The studied lherzolite xenoliths show low concentrations of S, Cu, and platinum group elements （PGE）, which plot a flat pattern on primitive-mantle normalized diagram. Very low concentrations in our samples suggest that PGEs occur as alloys or hosted by silicate and oxide minerals. The compositions of the studied samples are similar to those of peridotite xenoliths in the Longgang volcanic field （LVF） in their mineralogy and bulk rock compositions including the abundance of chalcophile and siderophile elements. However, they are distinctly different from those of peridotite xenoliths in other areas of the North China Craton （NCC） in terms of Cu, S and PGE. Our data suggest that the SCLM underlying the northeastern part of the NCC may represent a distinct unit of the newly formed lithospberic mantle.

Redox Evolution of the Lithospheric Mantle beneath the North China Craton

Objective The North China Craton （NCC） is a large Archean craton with a long geological history, yet very few studies have been carried out on the evolution of the redox conditions of its underlying mantle. Oxidation state of the mantle is critical in controlling the formation of metallic mineral deposits because metals can be readily released from the mantle to partial melt under oxidized conditions. In contrast, highly reduced and stable conditions are essential for the crystallization of diamond. The subcontinental lithospheric mantle （SCLM） beneath major cratons in the world has been stable since their formation and highly reduced in its oxidation state, but the SCLM below the NCC is different.

Petrography and Geochemistry of Peridotite Xenoliths from Hannuoba and Significance for Lithospheric Mantle Evolution

The compositions of the whole rocks and trace elements of minerals in peridotites can reflect the characteristics of the lithospheric mantle. The nature and evolution of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Hannuoba （汉诺坝）, located on the north edge of the intra-North China orogenic belt, are discussed based on the in-situ LAM-ICPMS detected trace element compositions of clinopyroxenes in the Hannuoba peridotitic xenoliths combined with detailed petrography and geochemistry studies. The Hannuoba lithospheric mantle was formed by different partial meltings of the primitive mantle. Most of the samples reflect the partial melting degree of lower than 5% with a few samples of 15%-20%. Major element compositions of the whole rocks and geochemical compositions of clinopyroxenes reveal the coexistence of both fertile and depleted mantle underneath the Hannuoba region during the Cenozoic. This was probably caused by the asthenospheric mantle replacing the aged craton mantle through erosion, intermingling and modification. Our conclusion is further supported by the existence of both carbonatitic magmatic material and silicate melt/ fluid metasomatism as magnified by the trace elements of the clinopyroxencs from the Hannuoba lithospherJc mantle.

Tectonic Environments of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in China and Characteristics of the Source Regions in the Mantle

Extensive volcanism is one of the important features of Cenozoic geology in China.Based on temporal-spatial distribution,the volcanism was associated with three major different geological settings:1)the continental rift basalts in Northeast and North China;2)the tension-fault basalts on the continental margins of Southeast China; and 3) the collision-zone high-K volcanics in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its vicinities.The characteristics of 'depletion in the south and enrichment in the north'of the China continental mantle are strongly supported by isotopic evidence.The Cenozoic continental cal characters,into the following geochemical provinces:1)the depleted mantle in South China;2)the primary mantle in Northeast and NorthChina; 3)the hybrid and transi-tional mantle in the region of Shandong ,Anhui,Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang;4)the depleted mantle around the Bohai Bay and the Lower Liaohe River;5)the K-metasomatic enriched mantle in the northern part of Northeast China;and 6)the re-cycled enriched mantle in the ancient subduction zone in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surround-ings.These geochemical characteristics on a regional scale must be a reflection of the nature of lithosphere evolution.

In situ characterization of forearc serpentinized peridotite from the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane: Behavior of fluid-mobile elements in continental subduction zone

Serpentinized peridotites in the Yangkou(YK),Suoluoshu(SLS) and Hujialin(HJL) areas in the Sulu ultrahighpressure terrane represent the relic of ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle below the North China Craton.Their protoliths,harzburgite and dunite,were variably hydrated by aqueous fluids released from subducting Yangtze continent.The rocks are enriched in fluid-mobile elements(FME) including Sb(42–333 times the depleted mantle value) and Pb(30–476 times).The degrees of the FME enrichment are comparable to that of the Himalayan forearc serpentinites,and greater than forearc mantle serpentinites from Marianas,suggesting that the degrees of FME enrichment in the forearc serpentinites are greater in continental subduction zones than those in the oceanic subduction zones.Lizardite after olivine in the SLS serpentinite shows higher degrees of enrichment in Sb and As than those for antigorite after both olivine and orthopyroxene in the YK area.The antigorite has highly enriched in Pb,U,Cs,and LREE,but not for the lizardite.The abundance of FME in two different species of serpentine reflects the different temperature of hydration.At temperature lower than 300 ℃,formed lizardite at shallow depths of the mantle wedge incorporates elements that are fluid mobile at low temperatures,such as Sb and As.When the temperature greater than 300 ℃,formed antigorite at a relatively deep mantle wedge incorporate more FME from the subducting continental slab(or fragments),including Pb,U,Cs,LREE as well as Sb and As.The eventual breakdown of antigorite(600–700 ℃) in prograde metamorphism would discharge water as well as FME into the subducting channel and/or the overlying mantle.

Nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle revealed by water contents and He-Ar isotopes of peridotite xenoliths from Changbaishan and Longgang basalts in Northeast China

The nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle underlying Northeast(NE)China were investigated by assessing the mineral chemistry,water contents,and noble gas(He-Ar)isotopes of peridotite xenoliths captured by Cenozoic basalts from the Changbaishan and Longgang regions.The xenoliths,which have863–1141℃ equilibration temperatures,primarily comprise spinel lherzolites and rare spinel harzburgites.The Mg#(Fo)values of olivine in the peridotite xenoliths vary from 86.9 to 91.3.The clinopyroxenes have high Ti/Eu and low(La/Yb)N,and their chondrite-normalized rare earth elements(REEs)exhibit light REE-depletion to-enrichment patterns,indicating that the mantle underneath the investigated region was predominantly subjected to partial melting(1%–10%)and was metasomatized by silicate melts.The measured3He/4He ratios of the Changbaishan xenoliths have a narrow range from 5.8 Ra to 8.4 Ra with an average of 7.4 Ra.The3He/4He isotopic ratios of the Longgang xenoliths varied from 4.7 Ra to8.1 Ra with an average of 5.9 Ra;slightly lower than the Changbaishan xenoliths.The whole-rock H2Ocontents of the studied peridotite ranged from 9 to 132 ppm.The high H2O contents in excess of50 ppm(up to 132 ppm)might represent newly accreted and cooled asthenospheric materials,while those with H2O contents lower than 50 ppm(as little as 9 ppm)may represent thinned,relic,ancient lithospheric mantle.These geochemical evidences,in combination with published data,indicated that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Changbaishan and Longgang in NE China is dominated by the younger and more fertile lithospheric mantle with a minor ancient and refractory keel.In addition,the lithospheric mantle of this area was metasomatized by melts related to the recent subduction event(e.g.,Pacific oceanic plate).Therefore,the westward-dipping Pacific oceanic plate subduction had an important contribution to the transformation of the lithospheric mantle beneath NE China.

The longevity of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Jiangsu-Anhui Region——The Os isotope model age of mantle-derived peridotite xenoliths

The basalt-borne peridotite xenoliths from Jiangsu-Anhui provinces were analyzed for whole rock Os isotopic compositions in two laboratories of USTC, China and CRPG, France, respectively. The ^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratio of the sample set ranges from 0.119 to 0.129 (25 samples, USTC) and from 0.117 to 0.131 (17 samples, CRPG). The Os isotopic compositions of most samples are less than 0.129 and depleted relatively to the primitive mantle, showing a good correlation with the major element compositions. With the ^(187)Os/^(188)Os-AI2O3 alumichron, the samples yield a model age of 2.5±0.1 Ga (data of USTC) and 1.9±0.1 Ga (data of CRPG), late Archean to early Pro-terozoic. The two samples with the lowest ^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratio (0.119 and 0.117) have the T_(RD) (Re depleted age) of 1.1 Ga (USTC) and 1.4 Ga (CRPG), mid-Proterozoic. The Os isotope model age shows that the peridotite xenoliths from Cenozoic alkali basalt in Jiangsu-Anhui provinces have an old formation age (early- to mid- Proterozoic). They are not newly produced mantle after the Phanerozoic replacement of the lithosphere mantle, but residual fractions of Proterozoic mantle.

Variations in carbon isotopic composition in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Yangtze and North China Cratons:Evidence from in-situ analysis of diamonds using SIMS

The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamond is one of the most direct probes into cratonic lithospheric mantle processes.In this paper,in-situ SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotope compositions at different internal growth zones of diamonds from Shandong and Liaoning in the North China Craton and Hunan in the Yangtze Craton.It was found that the carbon isotopic range of diamonds from the North China Craton are rather distinct from those of the Yangtze Craton;the former has a range of 6.0‰ to 2.0‰(relative to VPDB) with an average value of 3.0‰ in their core areas,which is consistent with global peridotitic diamonds;the diamonds from the Yangtze Craton,however,have a carbon isotopic range from 8.6‰ to 3.0‰ with an average value of 7.4‰ in their core areas,being more consistent with global eclogitic diamonds.The variations of carbon isotope ratios between different internal growth zones in individual diamonds were different in the three diamond localities studied.There was a clear correlation between changes in carbon isotopic composition and phases of diamond dissolution and new growth,while no correlation was observed between δ13C and internal inclusions.The variations suggest that the carbon isotopic compositions of mantle fluids were changing during the process of diamond crystallization,and that the heterogeneity of the carbon isotopic composition in mantle carbon reservoirs was a more important factor than carbon isotope fractionation in controlling the carbon isotopic compositions and their variation in diamonds.In addition,the preliminary results of in-situ nitrogen analyses demonstrated that the variation of carbon isotopic compositions between the core and outer growth zones does not correlate with nitrogen abundances,implying either that diamonds crystallized in an open environment or that the carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen contents in mantle fluids were controlled by other,not yet understood factors.The experimental results provide hints that the isotopic composition of carbon and its original sources were different in metasomatic fluids controlling diamond formation in the mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.

Domains and enrichment mechanism of the lithospheric mantle in western Yunnan: A comparative study on two types of Cenozoic ultrapotassic rocks

Geochemical comparison of two suites of Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in western Yunnan reveals the existence of two mantle domains beneath this region, which corre- spond to their respective tectonic affinity. The Erhai ultrapotassic rocks (42—24Ma) in western Yangtze Craton are characterized by LILE enrichment, HFSE depletion, low TiO2 content (<1%), high initial Sr/86Sr (0.7064—0.7094) and negative εNd (?3.84—?4.64). Geochemically similar to 87 K-rich volcanism in subduction setting, they were probably originated from a refractory spinel harzburgitic source metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. In contrast, the Maguan potas- sic magmas (<16Ma) in the South China Block show an OIB-type trace elemental signature, high TiO2 content (>2%), low initial 87 Sr/86Sr (0.7041—0.7060) and positive εNd (5.46—7.03). These features resemble the typical intraplate potassic rocks around the world. These rocks are thus interpreted as melting products of a fertile garnet lherzolitic source which has been infiltrated by small-volume, asthenosphere-derived silicate melts. The temporal and spatial distribution of these two types of K-rich rocks cannot be explained by any unified tectonic model. It is proposed that the Oligocene magmatism in the Erhai area may have resulted from convective thinning of the thickened lithosphere, whereas the post-Miocene volcanism in the Maguan area was related to the opening of South China Sea.

Si-and alkali-rich melt inclusions in minerals of mantle peridotites from eastern China:Implication for lithospheric evolution

Minerals of spinel- and garnet-facies mantle xenoliths entrained in Cenozoicbasalts from eastern China (North China, Northeastern China and Southeastern China coastal area)contains lots of melt inclusions. Studies on these melt inclusions show that the glass inclusionsare rich in SiO_2 (60%—68%) and alkalis (K_2O+Na_2O = 5%—11%, especially for K_2O) as well asvolatiles such as H_2O and CO_2 (2%—7%), which belong to dacites and andesites of the high-K calcicalkali series rocks with few shoshonites. High Al and Ca diopside in melt inclusion is the productof melt crystallization at high temperature and pressure, rather than the product ofdevitrification. Results show that these K-rich (in general K_2O 】 3%) intermediate-acidic silicatemelt inclusions have characteristics of continent without a genetical link to host basalts and theirphenocrystic minerals. Thus, these trapped melt inclusions represent melts of Mesozoic lithosphericmantle-crust interaction and imply that the continental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern Chinahad undergone fragmentation and recreation processes during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. Thisresult undoubtly provides important implication for the evolution of sub-continental lithospherebeneath eastern China. We propose that these Si- and alkalis-rich melts should be responsible forthe mantle chemical heterogeneity underneath eastern China.

Layering of subcontinental lithospheric mantle

Recent seismic studies reveal a sharp velocity drop mostly at^70–100 km depth within the thick mantle keel beneath cratons, termed the mid-lithosphere discontinuity(MLD). The common presence of the MLD in cratonic regions indicates structural and property layering of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM). The nature and origin of the MLD, and many issues associated with the layering of the SCLM are essential to understand the formation and evolution of continents, and have become frontier subjects in the Earth sciences.

Re-Os isotopic system and formation age of subcontinental lithosphere mantle

The determination of the formation age of subcontinental Lithosphere Mantle (SCLM) is a widely concerned issue in mantle geochemistry. it is difficult to obtain the formation age of SCLM using lithophile isotopic systems such as Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Th-Pb, ete., but as siderophile elements, the Re-Os isotopic system provides a powerful tool for that work. Here a comprehensive review on the recent development in Re-Os dating for SCLM has been given.

大兴安岭北段塔河地区早白垩世火山岩地球化学及源区特征

大兴安岭北段塔河地区分布有大面积的晚中生代火山岩,主要岩石类型为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、玄武质粗面安山岩和粗面安山岩,并且以碱性岩石为主。SiO_2含量为47.34%～58.03%,K_2O含量为1.25%～3.44%。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)如Rb和Ba,δEu为0.71～1.14,高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb和Ta在原始地幔标准化图解上有强烈的负异常。从同位素组成特点来看,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr).变化于0.705472和0.707821之间,ε_(Nd)(t)为-6.81～0.58,与EMI靠近并有向EMII延伸的趋势。^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb为18.1497～18.5394,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb为15.4886～15.5390,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb为37.7608～38.3441,位于EMI和EMII之间,并也有向EMII变化的趋势。综合考虑塔河火山岩的特点并结合他人研究成果,本文认为塔河地区的这套火山岩形成于富集的大陆岩石圈地幔的重熔及其结晶分异作用。

吉林伊通-大屯地区晚中生代-新生代玄武岩的地球化学特征及其意义

吉林伊通-大屯地区有长达80Ma的火山喷发历史,为探讨该区深部地质演化提供了条件。从晚白垩长春大屯火山(92．5±0．5Ma)到伊舒地堑内第三纪伊通火山群(31Ma、9～15Ma),玄武岩碱性逐渐增强,Dy/Yb比值逐渐升高,根据地幔动态熔融模型计算获得的玄武岩最终形成深度由约50km变深至110km。根据岩石圈盖效应推测该区晚白垩纪以来岩石圈厚度逐渐增厚。伊通第三纪碱性玄武岩显示了均一的地球化学组成;类似洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的微量元素分配模式和Nb/U比值,以及低(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i、正ε_(Nd)(t)同位素特征暗示它主要来源于软流圈。与第三纪碱性玄武岩相比,晚白垩大屯拉斑玄武岩具有相对偏高的Ni、Cr和Sc,高Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Ba/Nb比值,高(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i和低(^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd)_i。这些特征可能与软流圈熔体与古老富集地幔之间的相互反应有关。伊通-大屯玄武岩的演化特征反映了岩石圈在板内岩浆作用中所担当的不同角色:第三纪时,岩石圈并没有在物质上直接参与岩浆作用,但岩石圈对上涌软流圈起到了机械阻挡作用;而在晚白垩岩浆作用中,岩石圈的间接和直接作用都得到了体现。

内蒙古贝力克玄武岩地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙贝力克地区存在一片面积为400km2、以发育三级熔岩台地为特征的新生代玄武岩,台地时代分别为2.31～2.41Ma、1.56～1.61Ma、0.51～0.61Ma。岩性为具有过渡性质的拉斑玄武岩,分为石英拉斑玄武岩与橄榄拉斑玄武岩,它们都起源于具有交代性质的石榴石橄榄岩源区。地球化学特征显示这两种岩性之间没有演化关系,而是源区不同程度、深度部分熔融的结果;并且在上升过程中,都受到下地壳麻粒岩的混染作用,其中石英拉斑玄武岩混染程度最大。大地构造背景上,贝力克与赤峰同处在兴蒙造山带南缘,它们表现出与华北西部北缘(集宁、大同、汉诺坝、繁峙)相似的岩浆源区和岩石圈地幔热状态,但不同的富集岩石圈地幔类型,即兴蒙造山带南源呈现DMM-EMⅡ特点,而华北西部北缘具有DMM-EMⅠ混合趋势。这种差异可能与岩石圈地幔不同的时代及构造背景有关。在软流圈熔体与上覆岩石圈地幔相互反应的拉斑玄武岩成因模式基础上,认为华北岩石圈减薄现象不仅局限于克拉通内部,其处在克拉通西北部,乃至兴蒙造山带南缘也同样经历了岩石圈减薄过程,只是存在不同时间、程度的岩石圈减薄过程。

北部湾涠洲岛橄榄岩中熔体包裹体——大陆岩石圈地幔交代作用的新证据

根据北部湾涠洲岛晚更新世火山岩中尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的矿物化学和形成条件推测,它们是来自地下约40km～50 km 的大陆岩石圈地幔样品。涠洲岛地幔橄榄岩中同时出现高硅(64%～68%)和低硅(49%～57%)两种熔体成分,它们普遍富碱、Al_2O_3和 H_2O、CO_2等挥发组分(2%～5%)。研究认为,两种熔体存在不同的成因机制。高硅熔体可能与软流圈上升的玄武质岩浆和斜方辉石反应或下地壳物质循环进入地幔后的部分熔融有关。低硅熔体直接提供了富硅熔体与橄榄石发生交代作用的证据。这可以用富 SiO_2熔体+Ol→贫 SiO_2熔体+Opx 反应解释,其结果是消耗橄榄石生成斜方辉石。涠洲岛橄榄岩中两种熔体的发现,进一步提供了发生在大陆岩石圈地幔流(熔)体与橄榄岩交代作用的普遍性、复杂性,以及地幔熔体多样性的新证据。

古老大陆岩石圈地幔再循环与蛇绿岩中铬铁矿床成因

不同地区、不同时代蛇绿岩中不同类型铬铁矿岩的Re-Os同位素研究表明,在铬铁矿石或围岩中均存在极度亏损的具有大陆岩石圈地幔属性的物质。新疆达拉布特古生代蛇绿岩带中萨尔托海富Al铬铁矿岩的Os同位素组成为0.1109～0.1256,对应的模式年龄为3.5～0.6Ga;西藏班公湖—怒江中生代蛇绿岩带中东巧富Cr铬铁矿石及围岩Os同位素组成介于0.1175～0.1261,对应的模式年龄为1.5～0.1Ga;雅鲁藏布江中生代蛇绿岩带中罗布莎富Cr铬铁矿岩的Os同位素变化范围为0.1038～0.1266,对应的模式年龄为3.37～0.28Ga,而该带中不含矿的泽当二辉橄榄岩的Os同位素组成为0.1256～0.1261,没有古老大陆岩石圈地幔属性的物质存在,与新特提斯洋地幔Os组成较为接近。推测在蛇绿岩形成过程中,古老大陆岩石圈地幔参与循环有利于形成铬铁矿床,明确提出"熔体与古老大陆岩石圈地幔反应成矿"的假说,指出蛇绿岩带中存在的古老微陆块可能是找矿的指示标志。

浙闽沿海早白垩世玄武岩锶、钕、铅同位素特征——古老富集型地幔的证据

浙闽沿海大面积出露的中生代酸性火山岩区有少量早白垩世玄武岩分布，它们具典型钾富集和铌等元素亏损特征，其同位素组成表现为较高ＩＳｒ（０．７０５５—０．７１０６）、低的εＮｄ（１．２—－１０．６，大多介于－３．２—－１０．６之间）及富放射性成因铅（２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１８．３５５—１８．７２６，２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．４５５—１５．７９９，２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３８．５３０—３９．３１９）。这些特征表明玄武岩源区为一富集型的陆下岩石圈地幔，由古老的俯冲地壳物质再循环进入并交代地幔而形成。没有证据表明本区早白垩世基性和酸性岩浆之间发生过大规模的化学混合，但不排除同位素之间的交换以及局部的化学和机械混合。

太行山地区中、新生代玄武质岩浆的源区特征与时空演化

本文总结了太行山地区中生代辉长岩和新生代玄武岩的元素和同位素组成,其组成显示它们的地幔源区存在着明显的差别。新生代玄武岩以碱性玄武岩为主,含有少量橄榄拉斑玄武岩,它们来自软流圈的部分熔融,并伴有少量古老岩石圈地幔组分的加入。相比之下,中生代辉长岩具有明显不同的地球化学特征:SiO_2含量高,LREE和LILE(Ba,Th,U)富集以及HFSE(Nb,Ta,Zr和Ti)亏损,Sr-Nd同位素富集(大多数^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr_i＞0．705,^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd_i＜0．512)、Pb同位素亏损(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb_i＜17．5,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb_i＜15．5,^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb_i＜38．0)。这些特征表明中生代辉长岩来源于经过富硅熔体强烈改造的古老岩石圈地幔,这种富集改造过程很可能与华北克拉通内部元古代的俯冲/碰撞事件有关。古老且同位素富集的岩石圈地幔残存至新生代,并被新生代玄武岩携带的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体所记录。