Classification and Development Laws of Karst Landform in Suzhou Area, North Anhui Province of China

Suzhou area in north Anhui Province is a low hilly area on the Huaibei Plain where carbonate rocks and karstification are widely distributed, and karst landscapes form major physical contours of the bedrock outcrops. Through field investigation, karst landscapes of Suzhou area were divided into two categories based on their morphological characteristics: macro-geomorphologic landscapes including normal hills, dry valleys, karst springs and caves, and micro-corrosion landscapes including corrosion pits, dissolved pores, dissolution traces, corrosion cracks, clints and karrens. Distribution, development and scale of karst landscapes in this region are controlled by climate, rock type, structure, topography and other factors. It was suggested that karst landscapes in the study area could be used as a representative of karst landforms in North China.

北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系

形成中国北方岩溶的地层主要为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩和中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组硅质条带白云岩。上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌主要形成于雾迷山组中,岩溶洞穴发育在马家沟组和雾迷山组中。大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系发育在北岭向斜东北扬起端的马家沟组顶部,与南面的周口店猿人洞系隔着房山闪长岩体。石花洞系中8层不同海拔高度的溶洞可以和永定河的8级阶地进行对比,也可以和8个华北地文期对比,代表了与之相互对应的北京西山新构造隆升的期次。

皖北宿州地区岩溶地貌分类及其发育规律

宿州地区在地貌上为淮北平原的低山丘陵区,碳酸盐岩分布广泛,岩溶作用普遍发育,岩溶地貌景观构成了基岩出露区的主要地貌形态。通过野外地质调查,依据岩溶的组合形态和个体形态特征,将皖北宿州地区岩溶地貌类型划分为宏观地貌景观和微观溶蚀形态两大类。宏观地貌景观有常态山、干谷和干沟、岩溶泉、溶洞等,微观溶蚀形态有溶坑、溶孔、溶痕、溶隙、石芽和溶沟等。该区岩溶地貌的分布、发育程度和规模受气候、岩石类型、构造、地形等因素的控制,可以作为北方岩溶的典型代表。

北京西山圣莲山地质公园的岩溶地貌演化

圣莲山地质公园为房山北部大石河上游一个小型完整的岩溶盆地,地质构造属于百花山向斜的南翼。造景岩石从下至上依次为,寒武纪张夏组鲕粒灰岩、炒米店组条带状石灰岩和奥陶纪石灰岩。造貌构造为,印支运动、燕山运动和新构造运动。印支运动的南北向挤压形成响山背斜;燕山运动的北西-南东向挤压形成神牛岭和翠屏峰两个方向的岩溶墙;新构造运动的8次抬升,形成穿洞(通风洞),孤峰(莲子峰)、脚洞(圣米石塘),房山地貌(笔架山)、岩溶夷平面(晾马台)、北西向岩溶墙(翠屏峰)、北东向岩溶墙(神牛岭)、溶洞(隐仙洞)岩溶地貌景观。穿洞为北京西山最高的岩溶洞穴,孤峰为残存的新近纪峰林地貌,圣米石塘为孤峰脚洞,笔架山为上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌,晾马台为中更新世形成的岩溶夷平面,翠屏峰和神牛岭为晚更新世形成的岩溶墙,隐仙洞为全新世形成的岩溶洞穴。