Effectiveness of Histopathological Examination of Ultrasound-guided Puncture Biopsy Samples for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.

An Empirical Study of the Socratic Method in Nongraded English Teaching in Senior High School Under the Background of the New National College Entrance Examination

With the reform of the New National College Entrance Examination(Gaokao),the nongraded education will become an inevitable trend.In senior high school,the traditional test-oriented education is popular.The knowledge is mainly taught by the teachers,and the students passively absorb it.This study examines a problem-oriented Socratic experiment in nongraded English teaching in senior high school.The teachers seek output from students,who respond by interpreting questions,fostering critical thinking,and enhancing problem-solving skills.This teaching experiment indicates that the Socratic method has a significant positive effect on cultivating nongraded senior high English students’critical thinking under the New National College Entrance Examination.

Research on the Evaluation of the Implementation Effect of Curriculum Examination Reform: Taking the Course of “Introduction to Language” as an Example

“Introduction to Language,”as the core course of the English major,mainly reveals the basic laws of language,enabling the students to have the ability to apply linguistic theories to explain language phenomena and solve specific language problems.This course is highly theoretical and has a certain degree of difficulty.The evaluation of student grades has always been based on examination reform,but several problems have been encountered during the implementation process.This article analyzes the current situation of the reform and implementation of the“Introduction to Language”course examination in applied universities and puts forth suggestions and specific measures to improve the assessment of the course,aiming to enhance the teaching effectiveness of the course and scientifically and comprehensively evaluate students’abilities.

DCE-MRI定量参数在乳腺癌分期及预后评估中的应用观察

目的观察动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数在乳腺癌分期及预后评估中的作用。方法选取2019年1月-2020年1月期间本院收治的女性乳腺癌患者共94例,为乳腺癌组。另选取同期入院诊治的女性良性乳腺变患者共92例,为良性病变组。两组患者分别于术前进行DCE-MRI定量参数检查,比较两组容量转移常数(K_(trans))、回流速率常数(K_(ep))和血管外细胞外间隙容积分数值(V_(e));分析K_(trans)、K_(ep)、V_(e)在乳腺癌不同分期中的差异;比较K_(trans)、K_(ep)、V_(e)在不同预后情况下的差异;绘制ROC曲线分析定量参数与乳腺癌预后的诊断效能。结果乳腺癌患者K_(trans)、K_(ep)值高于乳腺良性增生患者,而V_(e)值低于乳腺良性增生患者(P<0.05);乳腺癌不同分期K_(trans)、K_(ep)、V_(e)存在明显差异(P<0.05),随着病情进展K_(trans)、K_(ep)逐次增加,V_(e)逐次下降;Pearson相关性分析显示,术前乳腺癌分期与K_(trans)、K_(ep)呈正相关,与V_(e)值呈负相关(P<0.05);乳腺癌患者预后不良组K_(trans)、K_(ep)高于预后良好组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示K_(trans)、预测乳腺癌预后不良AUC及特异度最高。结论DCE-MRI定量参数K_(trans)、K_(ep)、V_(e)在乳腺癌临床分期密切相关,且可用于乳腺癌预后评估。

ISHD:Intelligent Standing Human Detection of Video Surveillance for the Smart Examination Environment

In the environment of smart examination rooms, it is important to quickly and accurately detect abnormal behavior(human standing) for the construction of a smart campus. Based on deep learning, we propose an intelligentstanding human detection (ISHD) method based on an improved single shot multibox detector to detect thetarget of standing human posture in the scene frame of exam room video surveillance at a specific examinationstage. ISHD combines the MobileNet network in a single shot multibox detector network, improves the posturefeature extractor of a standing person, merges prior knowledge, and introduces transfer learning in the trainingstrategy, which greatly reduces the computation amount, improves the detection accuracy, and reduces the trainingdifficulty. The experiment proves that the model proposed in this paper has a better detection ability for the smalland medium-sized standing human body posture in video test scenes on the EMV-2 dataset.

Contribution of Simulation to the Skills Laboratory for the Learning of Obstetrical Examination in an African Setting with Limited Resources

Objective: To evaluate the interest of the simulation in the learning of the obstetric examination of parturient by medical students. Materials and methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place from 1 to 28 February 2020 at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The study population was made up of medical students at the Doctorate II level. The previous experience of the students in the obstetric examination of the parturient, the contribution of the simulation on their feelings and on their skills towards this examination were studied. The Mc Nemar Chi2 test was used to compare percentages on paired samples. Results: The level of difficulty in performing the obstetrical examination in the parturient evolved downwards after the practice of the simulation. The stress level to perform the obstetric exam has been significantly reduced. On the other hand, confidence has increased. The students’ ability to appreciate each of the elements of the obstetric examination studied had improved after the practice of simulation. Conclusion: The simulation in the skills laboratory was a great contribution and the acquisition of models of better fidelity would help to improve the contribution to the confidence building and the acquisition of skills by learners.

A Holistic Approach to Enhance FRCS General Surgery Examination Training Using Adult Learning Model: A Non-Profit Initiative

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of adult learning and simulation-based learning (SBL) on surgical trainees’ learning experiences and Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) Section 2 General Surgery examination pass rate. Methods: This was a cross-sequential study involving 148 surgical candidates (72 UK trainees, 75 non-UK trainees) who had attended our revision course (Phoenix FRCS Course) from June 2017 until 2023. Each course comprised a two-day weekend preparation with dedicated sections for clinical, viva, and academic reading, incorporating SBL as its key learning style. We maintained a prospective database of candidate and course details, examination results, and feedback since the course inception. Results: We found that 97% of candidates passed the FRCS examination after their first attempt. The course was attended once by 89% of candidates, and only 3 of the 148 candidates exhausted all four attempts at the examination. Candidate feedback for the course and its style of learning was positive, with simulation-based table viva sessions and virtual clinical sessions proving the most popular learning sessions (95% and 80% of candidates attending courses run in December 2017, April 2018, and May 2021 rated them “Excellent” respectively). Conclusions: The course is centered around shared adult learning and mindfulness tools to encourage candidates to learn from each other and develop confidence and mastery in all domains of surgical practice. These methods have been shown to be effective in achieving high success rates in the Intercollegiate and International FRCS examinations for UK and overseas surgeons.

The Infection Control Measures Taken in MRI Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Period

Objective:To optimize the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)detection process in view of the COVID-19 pandemic,standardize and strengthen the infection control and management MRI rooms.Methods:According to the Technical Guide for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Medical Institutions(3rd Edition),with reference to the current COVID-19 infection control plan,there are three aspects involved in the planning of MRI examination:MRI room management,medical staff management and protection,and patient management,especially the use of full plastic nose strip medical masks.Infection prevention measures are formulated,scientific prevention and control are made,and accurate policies are implemented.Results:MRI examination was carried out according to the infection control and management of MRI room plan during the epidemic,so as to ensure the safety of examination,the safety of patients and the safety of medical staff and no cross infection in hospital.Conclusion:The implementation of proper infection prevention measures during MRI examination in light of COVID-19 ensures that patients wear medical surgical masks with full plastic nose strips throughout the process to avoid cross-infection,ensure the safety of doctors and patients,and maintain the health of the population.

相关生物学指标及DCE-MRI在局部晚期直肠癌新辅助放化疗敏感性评估中的应用现状

2023年全球癌症报告中提到,结直肠癌已经成为第二大致死癌症。新辅助放化疗是处理局部进展期直肠癌的一种常规治疗模式。放射治疗对癌细胞产生作用的主要机制是通过诱导DNA损伤,特别是通过DNA双链断裂。然而,癌细胞具有抗DNA损伤反应的修复机制,通过修复DNA损伤并促进辐射抗性。因此,研究直肠癌放疗敏感性指标和相关DCE-MRI指标与疗效的关系,对提高直肠癌患者的总生存率具有一定的临床意义。现对此应用现状予以综述。

The IOMT-Based Risk-Free Approach to Lung Disorders Detection from Exhaled Breath Examination

The lungs are the main fundamental part of the human respiratory system and are among the major organs of the human body.Lung disorders,including Coronavirus(Covid-19),are among the world’s deadliest and most life-threatening diseases.Early and social distance-based detection and treatment can save lives as well as protect the rest of humanity.Even though X-rays or Computed Tomography(CT)scans are the imaging techniques to analyze lung-related disorders,medical practitioners still find it challenging to analyze and identify lung cancer from scanned images.unless COVID-19 reaches the lungs,it is unable to be diagnosed.through these modalities.So,the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)and machine learning-based computer-assisted approaches have been developed and applied to automate these diagnostic procedures.This study also aims at investigating an automated approach for the detection of COVID-19 and lung disorders other than COVID-19 infection in a non-invasive manner at their early stages through the analysis of human breath.Human breath contains several volatile organic compounds,i.e.,water vapor(5.0%–6.3%),nitrogen(79%),oxygen(13.6%–16.0%),carbon dioxide(4.0%–5.3%),argon(1%),hydro-gen(1 ppm)(parts per million),carbon monoxide(1%),proteins(1%),isoprene(1%),acetone(1%),and ammonia(1%).Beyond these limits,the presence of a certain volatile organic compound(VOC)may indicate a disease.The proposed research not only aims to increase the accuracy of lung disorder detection from breath analysis but also to deploy the model in a real-time environment as a home appliance.Different sensors detect VOC;microcontrollers and machine learning models have been used to detect these lung disorders.Overall,the suggested methodology is accurate,efficient,and non-invasive.The proposed method obtained an accuracy of 93.59%,a sensitivity of 89.59%,a specificity of 94.87%,and an AUC-Value of 0.96.

Archival Examination of the Change in Packaging Materials of Chemical Injections

Based on the deepening awareness of the risk of changing packaging materials of injections,the national regulatory authorities and the China National Pharmaceutical Packaging Association have issued the relevant guidelines and group standards for changing packaging materials in recent years,greatly improving the research and development and technical requirements of packaging materials of injections.In 2021,Guangdong Province carried out the archival examination of the change of listed drugs,among which the proportion of the acceptance of changed injection packaging materials has increased year by year.On the basis of sorting out the archival examination work and combining with the cases of changing packaging materials of chemical injections accepted by Guangdong Province during 2021-2022,the requirements and problems of archival examination were analyzed and discussed to provide a reference and idea for applicants when studying the change in packaging materials.

基于DCE-MRI影像组学预测新辅助化疗后乳腺肿瘤退缩模式

目的 探讨基于动态对比增强核磁共振成像(dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, DCE-MRI)的肿瘤影像组学标签对新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy, NAC)后乳腺肿瘤退缩模式的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析54例经术前穿刺活检证实的乳腺癌患者的DCE-MRI图像及临床资料。所有患者均行双侧乳腺癌平扫及增强扫描。由2位医生分别阅片,分析肿瘤的退缩模式,将其分为1类退缩及2类退缩,使用3D-Slicer在靶区提取影像组学特征,运用最小绝对收缩与选择算子(LASSO)回归算法筛选特征并计算影像组学评分,根据评分构建影像组学模型。利用ROC、校准曲线及决策曲线分析(DCA)评估影像组学模型的预测效能。结果 影像组学模型显示出优秀的预测效能,ROC下面积(AUC)为0.898(95%CI:0.815~0.980)。当阈值概率为0.01~1时,影像组学模型的临床净收益最大。结论 基于DCE-MRI的影像组学模型可预测新辅助化疗后乳腺肿瘤的退缩模式。

DCE-MRI定量参数联合血清TSGF检测对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效预测价值

目的:探究将动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数、血清肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)联合检测在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的临床预测价值。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年8月在枣庄市妇幼保健院就诊的70例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,患者均经穿刺活检确诊,并行新辅助化疗治疗。临床依据化疗后穿刺活检结果将研究对象分为化疗缓解组(n=35)和化疗无效组(n=35),比较两组的临床预测价值。结果:两组肿瘤直径、TNM分期和是否淋巴结转移比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);化疗前,两组DCB-MRI定量参数比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);化疗后,缓解组的K_(ep)、V_(e)、K^(trans)、TSGF水平均较化疗前下降,且低于无效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据Logistic回归分析结果建立预测模型,计算出的K_(ep)、V_(e)、K^(trans)、TSGF以及联合检测预测概率受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积分别为0.768、0.707、0.834、0.704、0.969(95%CI分别为:0.573~0.963、0.492~0.922、0.678~0.991、0.485~0.923、0.916~1.000)。结论:DCE-MRI定量参数联合血清TSGF检测有利于反映出临床乳腺癌新辅助化疗前、后的血流灌注情况,从而对预测改善早期疗效和预后具有重要价值。

The Association of Mercury and ALT with Obesity in Korean Adults Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 11 Years(KNHANES 2005,2008-2017)

The association between heavy metals in the blood and obesity has been examined in many studies.However,inconsistencies have been observed in the results of these studies.The present study was conducted using data from 119,181 participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES)for 11 years in 2005 and between 2008 and 2017.The subjects with missing heavy metal blood tests,health interview data,and health examination data were excluded from the study.The study population comprised 1,844 individuals(972 men,and 872 women)who were eligible for inclusion.It was found that obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with an increase in both blood mercury(P<0.001)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P<0.001).After adjusting the confounding factors,those with concurrent high levels of ALT and the highest tertile of mercury showed an increased risk of obesity(odds ratio 4.46,95%confidence interval 2.23-8.90,P<0.001)as well as abdominal obesity(odds ratio 5.36,95%confidence interval 2.57-11.17,P<0.001).The interrelationship of mercury and ALT with the parameters of body mass index(P for interaction=0.009)and waist circumference(P for interaction=0.012),respectively,have been observed to be significant,suggesting that the reciprocal relationship could contribute to obesity and abdominal obesity.

CT联合DCE-MRI在鉴别骶尾部骨巨细胞瘤和脊索瘤的价值研究

目的CT联合DCE-MRI-TIC曲线变化分析对比骶尾部脊索瘤和骨巨细胞瘤影像特征。方法回顾性分析35例骶尾部脊索瘤及骨巨细胞瘤患者的CT、核磁共振影像资料,所有病例均有手术病理结果。脊索瘤患者21人,骨巨细胞瘤患者14人。病程15天至5年。结果35名患者全部接受了CT平扫、DCEMRI检查。19例脊索瘤患者肿瘤多发生于S3椎体以下部位,靠近脊椎中线;12例骨巨细胞瘤以S2椎体及以上部位发生、偏离中轴骨,8例骨巨细胞瘤累及骶髂关节。脊索瘤CT影像上常表现为形态不规则,可见残存骨或钙质密度影,以致正常椎体形态消失或被包块代替;而骨巨细胞瘤常造成椎体骨壳不完整,但椎体轮廓尚可见。MRI上脊索瘤病灶内见高或更高T2信号影伴点、片状低信号结节,骨巨细胞瘤多呈等或稍高信号影。DCE-MRI脊索瘤具有延迟强的特点,TIC曲线类型多呈流入型;而大部分骨巨细胞瘤多早期呈显著强化而后造影剂迅速减退,信号减低;MCER、EP平均值较脊索瘤组明显升高,TIC曲线类型多呈流出型。结论CT联合DEC-MRI有助于骶尾部脊索瘤与骨巨细胞瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断,能为临床提供可靠的影像依据。

DCE-MRI联合DWI对乳腺癌诊断价值的研究进展

乳腺癌是常见的妇科疾病之一,发病率和死亡率都很高,对女性健康构成严重威胁。因此,对乳腺癌的早期发现与诊断、指导临床治疗决策以及改善患者生存预后等方面对患者有着至关重要的意义。随着影像学技术的发展,MRI因其高软组织分辨率以及对乳腺病变的敏感性而脱颖而出,其中DCE-MRI (Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging)、DWI (diffusion weighted imaging)因其对乳腺肿瘤较高的敏感性及特异性而在临床中得到广泛使用。本篇综述主要探讨DCE-MRI联合DWI对乳腺癌诊断价值的研究进展。

DCE-MRI联合DWI评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效方面的研究进展

据世界卫生组织最新发布的研究表明,乳腺癌的发生率已经超过肺癌,成为全球第一大恶性肿瘤,我国乳腺癌的病例数量上升至每年约42万人,并且近年来发病率每年递增3%~4%,但乳腺癌并非是一种不治之症,新辅助化疗(Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, NAC)是一种全身化疗,包括在手术消融前对病变进行局部放疗,它在一定程度上降低了癌细胞转移的风险,并尽可能缩小病灶,这有助于后续的手术干预来控制患者的病情,从而防止其持续进展。因此越早检测出乳腺肿瘤,延长患者生存周期的几率越大。既往研究表明,NAC后达到病理完全缓解(pCR)的患者比非Pcr (部分缓解或无缓解)的患者显著延长了总生存期(OS)和无病生存期(DFS)。随着技术的逐步发展,弥散加权成像DWI (diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)和动态对比增强(Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Reso-nance Imaging, DCE-MRI)等功能性磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技术,也广泛用于乳腺疾病的诊断中。本篇综述主要探讨DCE-MRI联合DWI评价新辅助化疗在评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效方面的研究进展。

DCE-MRI辅以DWI对直肠癌患者术前分期的诊断价值

目的探究DCE-MRI辅以DWI对直肠癌患者术前分期的诊断价值。方法对155例直肠癌患者实施DCE-MRI辅以DWI诊断,分析其对术前分期的诊断效果。结果将手术病理检查结果作为诊断金标准,DWI、DCE-MRI以及DWI+DCE-MRI术前分期诊断符合率分别为73.55%、74.84%、96.13%,组间相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同分期DCE-MR参数中,N_(0)期K^(trams)、K_(ep)、V_(e)值和N_(1)~N_(2)期相比较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_(1)~T_(2)期K^(trams)、K_(ep)、V_(e)值与T_(3)~T_(4)期相比较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论DCE-MRI辅以DWI对直肠癌患者术前分期的诊断效果显著,能够提高患者治愈率,值得研究和推广。

Breast Self-Examination (BSE): Association between “Belief in BSE” and “Awareness of BSE” among University Female Students in Uganda

Background: Regular breast self-examination (BSE) has been known to effectively detect breast cancer occurrence early. Are Women who consider BSE effective in detecting breast cancer more likely to be aware of BSE, or vice versa? The present study was an attempt to answer this question. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed for 259 female University students in Kampala, Uganda. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out. Results: The majority (64.1%) were aware of the BSE technique. Women considering BSE to be effective for early cancer detection were significantly more likely to be aware of the BSE technique. Conclusions: University students who believed in the benefits of BSE were more likely to be aware of BSE than those who did not. More emphasis should be placed on health education for women of younger ages to increase the knowledge of the practice of BSE.

DCE-MRI和DWI诊断不同分子分型乳腺癌的应用价值

目的:探讨动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)和弥散加权成像(DWI)诊断不同分子分型乳腺癌的应用价值。方法:采用便利抽样法选取红河州第三人民医院2018年5月—2023年5月收治的85例乳腺癌患者,均接受DCE-MRI及DWI检查,以病理检查结果进行乳腺癌分子分型辨别。对比不同分子分型乳腺癌患者DCE-MRI及DWI检查指标,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各指标对乳腺癌分子分型的诊断效能。结果:通过病理学检查及免疫分组,85例乳腺癌患者中,三阴性型22例、HER-2阳性型32例、LuminalA型4例及Luminal B型27例,不同分子分型乳腺癌患者间表观弥散系数(ADC)值、达峰时间(TTP)、曲线下面积(AUC)存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。三阴性型乳腺癌患者ADC值、TTP、AUC低于其他分型,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。流入速率、短暂增强、相对增强、最大增强、最大相对增强的差异无统计学意义。分别以ADC值、TTP、AUC作为诊断指标,绘制分辨三阴性型乳腺癌的ROC曲线,结果为:DCE-MRI和DWI参数中ADC值(AUC=0.650,95%CI:0.501~0.798,灵敏度:63.64%,特异度:77.42%)、TTP(AUC=0.669,95%CI:0.539~0.799,灵敏度:81.82%,特异度:59.68%)、曲线下面积(AUC=0.617,95%CI:0.477~0.757,灵敏度:86.36%,特异度:37.10%)。结论:在乳腺癌患者DCE-MRI及DWI检查中,通过对比ADC值、TTP、AUC可在一定程度上辨别病灶的分子分型,其中三阴性型乳腺癌辨别能力更为显著。