Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-and Cygb-associated signaling pathways

A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Consequently,enhancing adult neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating disease symptoms and progression.Nonetheless,nonpharmacological interventions aimed at inducing adult neurogenesis are currently limited.Although individual non-pharmacological interventions,such as aerobic exercise,acousto-optic stimulation,and olfactory stimulation,have shown limited capacity to improve neurogenesis and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,the therapeutic effect of a strategy that combines these interventions has not been fully explored.In this study,we observed an age-dependent decrease in adult neurogenesis and a concurrent increase in amyloid-beta accumulation in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice aged 2-8 months.Amyloid deposition became evident at 4 months,while neurogenesis declined by 6 months,further deteriorating as the disease progressed.However,following a 4-week multifactor stimulation protocol,which encompassed treadmill running(46 min/d,10 m/min,6 days per week),40 Hz acousto-optic stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),and olfactory stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),we found a significant increase in the number of newborn cells(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells),immature neurons(doublecortin-positive cells),newborn immature neurons(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/doublecortin-positive cells),and newborn astrocytes(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells).Additionally,the amyloid-beta load in the hippocampus decreased.These findings suggest that multifactor stimulation can enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigate amyloid-beta neuropathology in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.Furthermore,cognitive abilities were improved,and depressive symptoms were alleviated in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice following multifactor stimulation,as evidenced by Morris water maze,novel object recognition,forced swimming test,and tail suspension test results.Notably,the efficacy of multifactor stimulation in consolidating immature neurons persisted for at least 2weeks after treatment cessation.At the molecular level,multifactor stimulation upregulated the expression of neuron-related proteins(NeuN,doublecortin,postsynaptic density protein-95,and synaptophysin),anti-apoptosis-related proteins(Bcl-2 and PARP),and an autophagyassociated protein(LC3B),while decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(BAX and caspase-9),in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice.These observations might be attributable to both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway and antioxidant pathways.Furthermore,serum metabolomics analysis indicated that multifactor stimulation regulated differentially expressed metabolites associated with cell apoptosis,oxidative damage,and cognition.Collectively,these findings suggest that multifactor stimulation is a novel non-invasive approach for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Treadmill exercise improves hippocampal neural plasticity and relieves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy

Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.

Exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

Inhalation of shin-I essential oil enhances lactate clearance in treadmill exercise

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Shin-I essential oil inhalation on blood lactate changes in rats subjected to treadmill exercise.Methods:Adult male Sprague Dawley rats(n=12) were randomly divided into the control or the Shin—1 group.Rats were subjected to a treadmill exercise program(15 m/min for 30 mim.After exercise,rats were exposed to 200 ui.of water or Shin—I essential oil.res|ieclively.using a nebulizer for 180 min during the recovery period.Blood samples were collected every 15 min.Blood glucose and lactate concentrations were determined in a CMA 600 analyzer.Results:The basal glucose and lactate levels wen? no significantly different between two groups.After exercise,glucose levels were slightly increased to about 110%-120%of the basal level in both groups.lactate levels of both groups reached to 110%-140%of basal levels during exercise.In the recovery period,lactate levels further increased to 180%of the basal level and were maintained at a plateau in the control group.However,lactate levels gradually decreased to 609—657 of the basal level in the Shin-I group.Lactate clearance was significantly enhanceil after Shin-I essential oil inhalation.Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that Shin-I essential oil inhalation may accelerate recovery after exercise in rats.

Treadmill exercise exerts a synergistic effect with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling

Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.However,whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclear.In this study,we established rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours.Rat models were perfused with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)via the tail vein and underwent 14 successive days of treadmill exercise.Neurological assessment,histopathology,and immunohistochemistry results revealed decreased neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarct volume,evident synaptic formation and axonal regeneration,and remarkably recovered neurological function in rats subjected to treadmill exercise and MSC-exos treatment.These effects were superior to those in rats subjected to treadmill exercise or MSC-exos treatment alone.Mechanistically,further investigation revealed that the activation of JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathways regulated neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling.These findings suggest that treadmill exercise may exhibit a synergistic effect with MSC-exos treatment,which may be related to activation of the JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathway.This study provides novel theoretical evidence for the clinical application of treadmill exercise combined with MSC-exos treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

TWO METHODS TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF TREADMILL EXERCISE TESTING──ANALYSIS OF 147 CASESIN CONTRAST WITH CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

objective To study how to improve the accuracy of treadmill exercise testing(TET).Methods TET was performed before coronary angiography (CAG) for 147 subjects admitted into our departmentbecause of suspicion of angina or coronary artery disease (CAD), then: (1) Every subject was inquired about hissymptoms and physically examined in detail before the testing. Chest pain was divided into ischemic (ICP) ornon - ischemic (NICP) pattern. (2) Informations got from TET, like angina, ST segment depression, and SPB ratio,were analyzed in detail. Results (1) When the patients showed chest pain of ICP pattern and positive TETresults, the sensitivity of TET would be 95%, for patients with NICP chest pain, the negative result of TET meansthat their coronary arteries is normal with the accurate possibility of 98%. (2) By our new criteria of TET, thesensitivity and specificity of TET were 89% and 95% respectively, both higher than those in theliterature. Conclusion in this report, we found TET was more sensitive and accurate if we knew the symptomsprior, especially in detail the characteristics of chest pain, and consider different parameters in combination.

Low-intensity Treadmill Exercise Promotes Rat Dorsal Wound Healing

In order to investigate the promoting effect of low-intensity treadmill exercise on rat dorsal wound healing and the mechanism, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups： exercise group（Ex） and non-exercise group（non-ex）. The rats in Ex group were given treadmill exercise for one month, and those in non-ex group raised on the same conditions without treadmill exercise. Both groups received dorsal wound operation with free access to food and water. By two-week continuous observation and recording of the wound area, the healing rate was analyzed. The blood sample was collected at day 14 post-operation via cardiac puncture for determination of the number of endothelial progenitor cells（EPCs） by flow cytometry, and the concentrations of relevant cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor（b FGF）, endothelial nitric oxide synthase（e NOS） and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） were measured by ELISA. The skin tissue around the wound was dissected to observe the vascular density under the microscope after HE staining, to detect the m RNA level of VEGFR2 and angiopoietin-1（Ang-1） receptor using RT-q PCR, and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin（αSMA） and type collagenⅢ（ColⅢ） using Western blotting. It was found that the wound area in Ex group was smaller at the same time point than in non-ex group. The number of circulating EPCs was greater and the concentrations of vasoactive factors such as VEGF, e NOS and b FGF were higher in Ex group than in non-ex group. HE staining displayed a higher vessel density in Ex group than in non-ex group. Moreover, the m RNA expression of VEGFR2 and Ang-1 detected in the wound tissue in Ex group was higher than in non-ex group. Meanwhile, the protein expression of αSMA and Col Ⅲwas more abundant in Ex group than in non-ex group. Conclusively, the above results demonstrate Ex rats had a higher wound healing rate, suggesting low-intensity treadmill exercise accelerates wound healing. The present work may provide some hint for future study of treating refractory wound.

QRS Prolongation as an Indicator of Risk of lschemic Ventricular Arrhythmia in Treadmill Exercise Test

Objective:The clinical value of QRS prolngation as a indicator of risk ofischemic ventricular arthythmia induced by exercise in the patient withischemic heart disease.Methods:17 case patients with ventricular arthythmias were studiedbefore and after myocardial revascularization.These results werecompared with 19 control patients with no ventricular arrhythmia.Theresting and peak exercise electrocardiogram were examined with respectto QRS duration,ST-segment depression,and JT intervals.Result:The QRS duration at rest was similar in case and control patientsand increased significantly with exercise in both groups.However,theQRS prolongation was larger in the case group.In both groups,the QRSprolongation was associated with significant ST-segment depression.TheQRS prolongation】15msec predicted ischimia-related ventriculararrhythmia in 73% of the patients.After myocardial revascularization,there were no QRS prolongation with exercise in either group.Conclusion:QRS prolongation】14msec may be a useful indicator of riskof ischemic ventricular arrhythmia related to exercise in the patients withtschemie heart disease.

Rehabilitation training improves exercise tolerance after percutaneous coronary intervention

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided randomly into the rehabilitation training group（26 cases） and control group（31 cases）.Patients in the rehabilitation training group received rehabilitation training at different stages and exercise intensities 3 d after percutaneous coronary intervention for 3 months.The heart rate,blood pressure,ECG changes in treadmill exercise test,and the frequency of anginal episodes were observed.The results showed that NST and ΣST of ECG and the frequency of anginal episodes were significantly reduced in the rehabilitation training group.In addition,exercise tolerance was improved and the total exercise time was lengthened in these patients.Moreover,ST segment depression time and emergence time of angina with exercise were also lengthened compared with controls（P 〈 0.05,or 0.01）.However,the heart rate and blood pressure before and after exercise of the two groups were similar.The study indicated that rehabilitation training could significantly relieve angina,amend ischemic features of ECG,and improve exercise tolerance of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Chronic exercise training versus acute endurance exercise in reducing neurotoxicity in rats exposed to lead acetate

After intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg lead acetate, rats received 8 weeks of treadmill exercise （15-22 m/min, 25-64 minutes） and/or treadmill exercise at 1.6 km/h until exhaustion. The markers related to neurotoxicity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. 8 weeks of treadmill exercise significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus （P = 0.04） and plasma level of total antioxidant capacity of rats exposed to lead acetate （P 〈 0.001）, and significantly decreased plasma level of malondialdehyde （P 〈 0.001）. Acute exercise only decreased the hippocampal malondialdehyde level （P = 0.09） and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the hippocampus （P = 0.66）. Acute exercise also enhanced the total antioxidant capacity in rats exposed to lead acetate, insignificantly （P = 0.99）, These findings suggest that chronic treadmill exercise can significantly decrease neurotoxicity and alleviate oxidative stress in rats exposed to lead acetate. However, acute endurance exercise was not associated with these beneficial effects.

Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury:how animal models can help our understanding of exercise-induced neuroplasticity

Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is followed by long and often unsuccessful recovery after trauma. The state of the art approach to manage paralysis and concomitant impairments is rehabilitation, which is the only strategy that has proven to be effective and beneficial for the patients over the last decades. How rehabilitation influences the remodeling of spinal axonal connections in patients is important to understand, in order to better target these changes and define the optimal timing and onset of training. While clinically the answers to these questions remain difficult to obtain, rodent models of rehabilitation like bicycling, treadmill training, swimming, enriched environments or wheel running that mimic clinical rehabilitation can be helpful to reveal the axonal changes underlying motor recovery. This review will focus on the different animal models of spinal cord injury rehabilitation and the underlying changes in neuronal networks that are improved by exercise and rehabilitation.

Visfatin Gene Responses to 8 Weeks of Treadmill Running with or without <i>Pistachio atlantica</i>Liquid Extraction in Female Rat Tissues

Visfatin, a novel adipokine, was revealed to be associated with obesity and to have insulin mimetic effect that is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the liver and kidney visfatin relative gene expression. Twenty wistar rats (6-8 weeks old and 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), and Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT). Training groups was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day and 5 days/week for eight weeks. Subjects were fed oral, with Baneh extraction and saline for four weeks. Visfatin relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Also plasma was collected for glucose measurements. Results demonstrated that Baneh extraction significantly increase visfatin relative gene expression in liver (P < 0.002) and increase not significantly in kidney tissue. Exercise training significantly reduce visfatin relative gene expression in liver (P < 0.042), and reduce not significantly in kidney tissue. Plasma and liver glucose level increases by Baneh. Exercise training decreses visfatin relative gene expression and Baneh increases visfatin relative gene expression in liver and kidney. Also Baneh can increases plasma glucose and liver glucose and glycogen concentration probably due to high fatty acid and component.

Gait improvement after treadmill training in ischemic stroke survivors A critical review of functional MRI studies

Stroke survivors often present with abnormal gait, movement training can improve the walking performance post-stroke, and functional MRI can objectively evaluate the brain functions before and after movement training. This paper analyzes the functional MRI changes in patients with ischemic stroke after treadmill training with voluntary and passive ankle dorsiflexion. Functional MRI showed that there are some changes in some regions of patients with ischemic stroke including primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area and cingulate motor area after treadmill training. These findings suggest that treadmill training likely improves ischemic stroke patients＇ lower limb functions and gait performance and promotes stroke recovery by changing patients＇ brain plasticity; meanwhile, the novel treadmill training methods can better training effects.

跑台运动对去卵巢应激大鼠海马自噬诱导细胞凋亡的影响

背景:围绝经期抑郁症大鼠海马区细胞凋亡与自噬失衡,与认知功能下降密切相关,有氧运动能否通过促进海马自噬降低细胞凋亡从而改善围绝经期抑郁症大鼠的学习记忆能力目前尚不清楚。目的:探讨4周中等强度跑台训练改善去卵巢结合慢性应激大鼠学习记忆能力的可能机制。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、去卵巢应激组和去卵巢应激运动组,每组10只。除假手术组大鼠外,其余3组大鼠摘除卵巢建立围绝经期模型,后2组再运用慢性不可预测性应激构建抑郁症模型,造模后去卵巢应激运动组大鼠接受4周中等强度跑台运动。在运动及应激结束后采用悬尾实验及糖水偏爱实验测试大鼠抑郁样行为,采用八臂迷宫实验测试大鼠学习记忆行为,Western blot检测大鼠海马中AMPK、mTOR、ULK1和凋亡因子Caspase-3及自噬标志物LC-3Ⅱ、Beclin-1的蛋白表达。结果与结论:①与假手术组相比,去卵巢组及去卵巢应激组大鼠悬尾实验中静止时间延长,糖水偏爱实验中糖水摄入量及糖水偏爱率下降;②与假手术组相比,去卵巢组大鼠工作记忆错误次数、参考记忆错误次数和完成时间均显著增加,去卵巢应激组上述指标增加更显著;③与去卵巢应激组相比,去卵巢应激运动组大鼠工作记忆错误次数、参考记忆错误次数和完成时间均显著减少;④与假手术组相比,去卵巢组及去卵巢应激组大鼠海马组织中凋亡因子Caspase-3蛋白表达显著升高,自噬相关因子Beclin-1和LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达显著降低,AMPK和ULK1蛋白表达显著降低,而mTOR蛋白表达升高,去卵巢应激组上述指标变化更为显著;⑤与去卵巢应激组相比,去卵巢应激运动组大鼠海马组织中凋亡因子Caspase-3蛋白表达显著降低,自噬相关因子Beclin-1和LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达显著升高,AMPK和ULK1蛋白表达显著升高,mTOR蛋白表达显著降低。结果表明,4周中等强度跑台运动可能通过AMPK/mTOR/ULK1自噬信号通路促进细胞自噬,减少细胞凋亡,进而增强去卵巢抑郁模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。

有氧运动促进肌少性肥胖小鼠骨骼肌能量代谢通路各环节的适应性变化

背景:肌少性肥胖是一种肌少症和肥胖共存的疾病,患病率持续上升。有氧运动可缓解肌少性肥胖进程,但运动后骨骼肌能量代谢的整体变化仍不明晰。目的:探究有氧运动对肌少性肥胖小鼠骨骼肌细胞代谢通路各个环节适应性变化的影响。方法:将C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组和造模组,分别喂养普通饲料和高脂饲料12周后,通过体质量和行为学筛选出肌少性肥胖小鼠模型。随后,采用随机数字表法将造模组小鼠分为静坐组和运动组,运动组在高脂喂养基础上进行有氧跑台训练。干预8周后,检测小鼠体质量、脂质代谢、后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积、骨骼肌形态和能量代谢通路相关基因表达水平。结果与结论:①与正常对照组相比,静坐组小鼠血清中三酰甘油、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸水平、肌内脂滴沉积显著增加(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组上述指标均呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.05);②与正常对照组相比,静坐组小鼠抓力下降,转棒停留时间明显缩短,后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积和肌纤维横截面积明显减小(P<0.05),肌内Atrogin-1和Murf-1 mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组小鼠抓力、转棒停留时间、后肢小腿肌群肌肉体积、肌纤维横截面积均得到明显改善(P<0.05),Atrogin-1和Murf-1 mRNA水平降低(P<0.05);③与正常对照组比,静坐组小鼠肌内转录因子Pparα、Pgc-1αmRNA表达降低(P<0.05),脂肪酸合成相关酶Srebp1c、Fasn mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),β氧化体系Cpt1β、Acox1、Acox3和脂肪酸代谢因子Arf1、Plin3 mRNA表达降低(P<0.05);与静坐组相比,运动组上述基因的异常表达得以明显逆转(P<0.05);④结果表明,有氧运动通过调节肌内能量代谢网络基因表达,缓解脂质沉积,改善肌肉质量和力量。

Limited value of recovery phase-limited ST segment depression of treadmill exercise test

Background Clinical meaning of recovery phase limited ST segment depression of a treadmill exercise test is controversial.The aim of this study was to re-assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of ST segment depression during the recovery phase with the active phase of a treadmill exercise test in suspected coronary artery disease patients.Methods Clinical,exercise and angiographic data were retrospectively collected from 602 patients in the study.Five hundred and seventy-six patients developed ST segment depression during the active phase of the treadmill exercise test （group 1） and 26 patients developed ST segment depression only during the recovery phase （group 2）.Results With similar major clinical features,the prevalence of significant coronary artery stenosis and average Gensini scores were lower in the recovery phase-limited depression patients （group 2 vs.group 1,50.0% vs.66.9%,P=0.031 and group 2 vs.group 1,1.5 vs.8.5,P=0.04）.At a median follow up of 50.9 months for 22 group 2 and 34.8 months for 438 group 1 patients,the prevalence of total cardiac events was higher in group 1 than in group 2 patients （RR 1.60,95% Cl 1.00-2.54,P=0.049）.Conclusion The present study provides preliminary evidence that the diagnostic and prognostic value of recovery phaselimited ST segment depression of treadmill exercise test is limited.

有运动高血压反应的患者平板运动试验假阳性相关因素分析

目的:探讨有运动高血压反应的患者平板运动试验假阳性的相关因素。方法:选取2019年11月至2022年10月在江苏省省级机关医院心脏康复门诊平板运动试验(treadmill exercise test,TET)检查阳性且有运动高血压反应的患者154例,根据有无冠心病分为假阳性组72例、真阳性组82例,比较两组人口统计学及TET相关参数。结果:TET假阳性组与真阳性组性别比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与男性相比,女性更易得到假阳性结果。假阳性组和真阳性组出现ST段压低时的收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)分别为203.87±8.70 mmHg和187.25±16.66 mmHg,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。应用Logistic回归分析,仅ST段压低时的SBP和性别与TET假阳性之间显著相关(P<0.05)。利用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)描绘出的ST段压低时的SBP临界值为188mmHg,其敏感性为1、特异性为0.625,曲线下面积为0.813。结论:在有运动高血压反应的患者中,ST段压低时的SBP可考虑作为预测TET假阳性的指标,当其数值≥188 mm Hg时,特别是在女性患者中,要慎重得出TET阳性的结论。

中等强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨组织自噬水平的影响

背景:运动是防治骨质疏松症的有效方式,但仍不清楚其影响绝经后骨质疏松的机制是否与骨自噬水平改变有关。目的:观察运动经细胞自噬对去卵巢大鼠骨组织形态和力学性能的影响,从自噬的角度来探讨运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量的作用机制。方法:建立去卵巢大鼠模型,进行为期24周的中等强度有氧运动干预。实验后使用ELISA法测定血清雌二醇水平,micro-CT检测胫骨皮质骨、松质骨骨密度以及骨微结构,三点弯曲实验检测胫骨生物力学指标,透射电镜观察自噬体,Western blot分析LC3、ATG7蛋白表达。结果与结论:①去卵巢安静组大鼠血清雌二醇水平显著低于假手术安静组和去卵巢运动组(P<0.01);②各组大鼠体质量均增加,且去卵巢安静组>去卵巢运动组>假手术安静组>假手术运动组;③各组大鼠骨密度、骨量均显著增加(P<0.01),但去卵巢安静组增加程度明显低于其他组,去卵巢运动组增加程度明显高于去卵巢安静组;④与假手术安静组相比,假手术运动组大鼠的胫骨松质骨骨密度显著增加(P<0.01),去卵巢安静组和去卵巢运动组显著降低(P<0.01);⑤去卵巢安静组大鼠骨体积分数、骨小梁数量、松质骨骨密度显著低于去卵巢运动组(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度极显著低于去卵巢运动组(P<0.01),骨小梁模式因子、骨小梁分离度、结构模型指数显著高于去卵巢运动组(P<0.01);⑥与去卵巢安静组相比,去卵巢运动组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ和ATG7蛋白的相对表达量显著增加(P<0.05);与假手术安静组相比,假手术运动组大鼠骨组织中自噬体数量增加(P<0.05);与去卵巢安静组相比,去卵巢运动组大鼠骨组织中自噬体数量增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,中等强度跑台运动可通过提高去卵巢大鼠血清雌二醇水平和骨组织自噬水平,改善其胫骨松质骨的骨微结构和骨生物力学性能,增加骨量。

跑台运动对切除卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的保护机制

目的由Hedgehog-Gli信号通路探讨跑台运动对卵巢切除所致骨质疏松症大鼠的保护机制。方法50只雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(S,15)、造模组(Z,35)。假手术组仅切除卵巢周围的少量脂肪,造模组切除双侧卵巢。术后10周采用苏木精-伊红染色法验证造模。将成功造模的大鼠随机分为模型组(M)、戊酸雌二醇阳性对照组(P)和跑台运动组(E),每组各10只。P组以0.184 mg/(kg·d)的标准灌服戊酸雌二醇混悬液,其他组灌服等剂量生理盐水,每日一次,E组同时进行每周5 d,每次30 min的中等强度跑台训练,干预12周后取材,检测血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)、Ⅰ型前胶原N端肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽(CTX)和骨钙素(OC)的水平,Micro-CT检测骨密度,强度仪上检测骨力学性能,Western blot检测股骨中Shh、Ptc、Smo及Gli蛋白表达水平。结果与S组相比,M组骨形成代谢指标、骨密度值、骨力学性能和股骨Shh、Ptc、Smo及Gli蛋白表达均下降(P<0.01);与M组相比,P组和E组骨形成代谢指标、骨密度值、骨力学性能和股骨Shh、Ptc、Smo及Gli蛋白表达均上升(P<0.01);与P组相比,E组股骨Shh、Ptc、Smo及Gli蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论12周跑台运动可通过上调股骨Shh、Ptc、Smo及Gli的表达介导对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢的调节,改善骨质疏松症。