Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease, and a typical pathological change in Alzheimer＇s disease is neurofibrillary tangl...Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease, and a typical pathological change in Alzheimer＇s disease is neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau. An in vivo model of Alzheimer＇s disease was developed by injecting okadaic acid（2 μL） and exogenous BDNF（2 μL） into the hippocampi of adult male Wister rats. Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2 A（PP2 A）, PP2 Ac-Yp307, p-tau（Thr231）, and p-tau（Ser396/404） were detected by western blot assay. The expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptophysin mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that BDNF expression was suppressed in the hippocampus of OA-treated rats, which resulted in learning and memory deficits. Intra-hippocampal injection of BDNF attenuated this OA-induced cognitive impairment. Finally, our findings indicated an involvement of the PI3 K/GSK-3β/AKT pathway in the mechanism of BDNF in regulating cognitive function. These results indicate that BDNF has beneficial effect on Alzheimer＇s disease, and highlight the potential of BDNF as a drug target for treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to p...Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to physical,chemical,or psychological stimuli.Objective signs,such as erythema,scales,and dilated blood vessels,may or may not be present.The discomfort associated with sensitive skin can be triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors,which usually have no significant effect on the individual and do not induce irritant reactions.Sensitive skin often presents as a subjective state without clinical signs and exhibits diversity,posing challenges in sensitive skin research and care.This review summarizes the prevalence,key factors,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnosis,and progress in daily care for sensitive skin.The aim is to provide a clearer and more systematic understanding of sensitive skin and offer guidance for sensitive skin care.展开更多
文摘Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer＇s disease, and a typical pathological change in Alzheimer＇s disease is neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau. An in vivo model of Alzheimer＇s disease was developed by injecting okadaic acid（2 μL） and exogenous BDNF（2 μL） into the hippocampi of adult male Wister rats. Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2 A（PP2 A）, PP2 Ac-Yp307, p-tau（Thr231）, and p-tau（Ser396/404） were detected by western blot assay. The expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptophysin mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that BDNF expression was suppressed in the hippocampus of OA-treated rats, which resulted in learning and memory deficits. Intra-hippocampal injection of BDNF attenuated this OA-induced cognitive impairment. Finally, our findings indicated an involvement of the PI3 K/GSK-3β/AKT pathway in the mechanism of BDNF in regulating cognitive function. These results indicate that BDNF has beneficial effect on Alzheimer＇s disease, and highlight the potential of BDNF as a drug target for treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province[grant numbers 21202107201900005,21202107201900003].
文摘Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to physical,chemical,or psychological stimuli.Objective signs,such as erythema,scales,and dilated blood vessels,may or may not be present.The discomfort associated with sensitive skin can be triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors,which usually have no significant effect on the individual and do not induce irritant reactions.Sensitive skin often presents as a subjective state without clinical signs and exhibits diversity,posing challenges in sensitive skin research and care.This review summarizes the prevalence,key factors,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnosis,and progress in daily care for sensitive skin.The aim is to provide a clearer and more systematic understanding of sensitive skin and offer guidance for sensitive skin care.
