Offshore fouling: investigation methods

On the hasis of the reason that the offshore oil development areas in the northern South China Sea are at greater depth,more hazardous conditions and distance from shore, the methods and technologies used in coastal waters are notfeasible because of the higher risk of losing investigation equipment or facilities. A series of methods and technologiesfor offshore fouling investigation that have been successfully applied is given in detail and it is hoped that theexperience can be helpful for further studies.

Present state,basic theories,methods and progresses of investigation and assessment on marine hazardous geology in China

The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.

Fully Completed Spherical Fuzzy Approach-Based Z Numbers(PHIModel)for Enhanced Group Expert Consensus

This study aims to establish an expert consensus and enhance the efficacy of decision-making processes by integrating Spherical Fuzzy Sets(SFSs)and Z-Numbers(SFZs).A novel group expert consensus technique,the PHImodel,is developed to address the inherent limitations of both SFSs and the traditional Delphi technique,particularly in uncertain,complex scenarios.In such contexts,the accuracy of expert knowledge and the confidence in their judgments are pivotal considerations.This study provides the fundamental operational principles and aggregation operators associated with SFSs and Z-numbers,encompassing weighted geometric and arithmetic operators alongside fully developed operators tailored for SFZs numbers.Subsequently,a case study and comparative analysis are conducted to illustrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed operators and methodologies.Integrating the PHI model with SFZs numbers represents a significant advancement in decision-making frameworks reliant on expert input.Further,this combination serves as a comprehensive tool for decision-makers,enabling them to achieve heightened levels of consensus while concurrently assessing the reliability of expert contributions.The case study results demonstrate the PHI model’s utility in resolving complex decision-making scenarios,showcasing its ability to improve consensus-building processes and enhance decision outcomes.Additionally,the comparative analysis highlights the superiority of the integrated approach over traditional methodologies,underscoring its potential to revolutionize decision-making practices in uncertain environments.

The Substantive Reform of Court Trials: A Transformation of Logic in the Methods of Evidence Investigation——Summary of the Reform Pilot Project in Chengdu

In the pilot project of the substantive reform of court trials,“unexpected” judgments appeared constantly because the traditional documentary investigation mode has been replaced by an investigation mode under the principle of directness and verbalism. This change in the logic of factual judgments has caused a change in the methods of evidence examination. In traditional evidence examination, evidence obtained from investigations is supposed to be genuine and reliable. In the substantive reform of court trials, it is presumed that evidence obtained from investigations cannot be fully trusted and it is easier to ascertain the facts of the case by investigating using the principles of directness, verbalism and individualized judging methods for evidence examinations. In practice, there are three main factors affecting the genuineness of evidence: the cognitive rules of testifiers, the motivation of the subjects who provide evidence, and the methods used by investigators to obtain evidence. Based on any one of these three factors, it cannot be concluded that evidence obtained from investigations is superior to evidence presented in court. The substantive court investigation is more advantageous to establishing the facts of a case than the traditional court investigation. The essential characteristics of the substantive reform of court trials are pursuing reality in essence instead of in form, and using the files of the court trials instead of the files of the investigation to avoid the evidence obtained through investigations from playing a decisive role in the adjudication thus making criminal procedures trial-centered rather than investigation-centered.

INVESTIGATION OF THE PALEOGEOTHERMAL TECTONIC HISTORY ON DONGPU DEPRESSION AND OIL/GAS FORMATION BY FISSION-TRACK METHOD

Dongpu depression is a fault basin at residual-mobility period of Diwa stage, it developed on the strata of the Mesozoie and Pre-Mesozoie. It is one of the important oil/gas- bearing basin during Cenozoie era along the East China. The strueture in Dongpu geodepression is very complex. There exists a strueture pattern with east- and west-depression belts and one central swell belt, it is divided into the southern- and northern-division by Gaopingji (orMeng Ju ) -Xieheng fault.

Group Investigation in a College English Program at a Chinese University:A Case Study

This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.

Methodological exploration on the construction of a traditional Chinese medicine nursing expert consensus based on evidence--taking stroke as an example

Objective: To explore the methodology of the evidence-based expert consensus formulation process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing taking stroke as an example.Methods: First, preliminary and comprehensive presentation of all stroke-related symptoms and corresponding TCM nursing techniques involved were revealed through bibliometric analysis. Then, selection of stroke symptoms and TCM nursing techniques for inclusion in the consensus was performed using an expert consultation method. Next, we determined the search strategy for a precise evidence search;conducted an evaluation of evidence quality and the grade of the evidence;and completed evidence extraction, evidence analysis, and evidence synthesis based on the included symptoms and TCM nursing techniques. The Delphi method was then applied to determine the strength of each recommendation and the choice of nursing care points by referring to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations grid. Finally, we conducted an external expert validation of the Delphi results to form an expert consensus guideline.Results: Through the bibliometric analysis, 22 stroke symptoms and 18 TCM nursing techniques were identified in the literature. Then, after expert consultation, 22 symptoms and 111 pairs of symptoms combined with TCM nursing techniques were selected for the evidence search. Evidence integration yielded 10 stroke symptoms corresponding to 29 bodies of evidence;these 10 symptoms were retained through the Delphi consultation, and recommendation strength results for 26 recommendations were obtained. A total of 9 symptoms were further retained for expert external validation to form 24 recommendations, with a recommendation process score range of 7.64-9.99 points and a more scientific and standardized recommendation-formation process.Conclusion: Owing to the current limited conditions of evidence-based resources for TCM nursing, the present consensus-building process represents only a preliminary exploration of an evidence-based expert consensus for TCM nursing to provide a reference for a more scientific and standardized methodology.

Theoretical investigation of micropolar fluid flow between two porous disks

The steady, laminar, incompressible and two dimensional micropolar flow between two porous disks was investigated using optimal homotopy asymptotic method(OHAM) and fourth order Runge–Kutta numerical method. Comparison between OHAM and numerical method shows that OHAM is an exact and high efficient method for solving these kinds of problems. The results are presented to study the velocity and rotation profiles for different physical parameters such as Reynolds number, vortex viscosity parameter, spin gradient viscosity and microinertia density parameter. As an important outcome, the magnitude of the microrotation increases with an increase in the values of injection velocity while it decreases by increasing the values of suction velocity.

Numerical Investigation of Lid-Driven Deep Cavity with Local Grid Refinement of MRT-LBM

In the case of lid-driven deep cavity flow, the effects of different resolutions of local grid refinement have been studied in the frame of multiple relaxation times (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In all the cases, the aspect ratio and Reynolds number are set as 1.5 and 3.200, respectively. First, the applied method is validated by comparing it with two reported works, with which agreements are reached. Then, six separate degrees of local grid refinement at the upper left corner, i.e. purely coarse grid, including 1/64, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 refinements of the lattice number in the width direction have been studied in detail. The results give the following indications:① The refinement degrees lower than 1/8 produce similar results;② For single corner refinement, 1/4 refinement is adequate for clearing the noises in the singularity zone to a large extent;③ New noise around the interface between coarse and fine zones are introduced by local grid refinement. Finally, refinement of entire subzone neighboring the lid is examined to avoid introducing new noises and it has been found effective.

Artificial Neural Network Method Based on Expert Knowledge and Its Application to Quantitative Identification of Potential Seismic Sources

In this paper,an approach is developed to optimize the quality of the training samples in the conventional Artificial Neural Network(ANN)by incorporating expert knowledge in the means of constructing expert-rule samples from rules in an expert system,and through training by using these samples,an ANN based on expert-knowledge is further developed.The method is introduced into the field of quantitative identification of potential seismic sources on the basis of the rules in an expert system.Then it is applied to the quantitative identification of the potential seismic sources in Beijing and its adjacent area.The result indicates that the expert rule based on ANN method can well incorporate and represent the expert knowledge in the rules in an expert system,and the quality of the samples and the efficiency of training and the accuracy of the result are optimized.

创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案的构建与初步验证研究

背景创伤是一种发生率高、耗费大的全球性健康问题,预防和控制感染是创伤性伤口处理的一大挑战,而创伤后长时间不进行皮肤清洗在影响舒适度的同时也增加伤口感染的发生率。尽管很多患者创伤后有洗浴的意愿,然而何时洗浴、如何洗浴尚不明确,因此,构建适宜的带伤洗浴方案对保持皮肤和伤口清洁十分必要。目的构建适合我国创伤性伤口患者使用的居家带伤洗浴方案,为保持创伤患者的皮肤清洁、改善伤口愈合结局提供可行的护理方案。方法检索国内外数据库获取原始文献,通过循证分析、归纳、小组讨论,形成创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案的条目初稿。纳入15名副高职称以上的伤口护理专家,采用德尔菲专家函询法修改和完善带伤洗浴方案,每轮函询间隔1周,采用专家积极系数和权威系数评价函询结果的可靠性,采用变异系数评价函询结果的一致性,当变异系数<0.25时表示专家意见趋于一致,停止函询,形成修改稿。纳入门诊创伤性伤口患者30例进行预试验,采用Likert 5级评分验证带伤洗浴方案的便利性、安全性和患者依从性,讨论修改后形成最终方案。结果纳入23篇相关文献,循证分析、讨论后形成了“洗浴前准备”“洗浴操作”“洗浴后处理”3个一级条目、7个二级条目、9个三级条目和4个四级条目的创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案初稿。15位专家进行2轮函询后意见趋于一致,两轮问卷回收率分别为93.75%和100.00%,权威系数分别为0.947和0.957。第一轮各条目重要性和可操作性变异系数分别为0~0.25、0~0.23,第二轮各条目重要性和可操作性变异系数分别为0.09~0.18、0.07~0.14,共删除条目2个,修改条目5个,新增条目2个,形成了修改稿。预试验验证结果:30例创伤性伤口患者依从洗浴方案每周洗浴(2.70±0.47)次,每次洗浴时间10~15 min,便利性评分(4.67±0.48)分,依从性评分(4.70±0.47)分,未发生与洗浴有关的不良事件及洗浴有关的伤口感染。预试验证明洗浴方案安全可靠、简单便利,患者依从性好,最终形成包括3个一级条目、8个二级条目、9个三级条目和3个四级条目的创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案终稿。结论本研究构建创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案过程中,专家积极系数和权威系数高,获得了函询专家的一致认可。预试验中30例创伤性伤口患者的依从性高,带伤洗浴方案安全、便利,可用于我国创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴。

基于德尔菲法构建护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案

目的:构建护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案,为推动我国护理专业学位研究生教育的发展提供参考。方法:通过文献分析法及半结构化访谈初步形成护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案条目池,制定专家函询问卷,并采取德尔菲专家函询法对15名专家进行专家函询,最终形成护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案。结果:3轮函询专家积极性系数均为100.0%,专家权威系数分别为0.838,0.880和0.880。经过咨询最终形成包括理论知识掌握能力、临床综合实践应用能力、组织管理能力、教学及科研能力、发展能力5个一级指标、17个二级指标、96个三级指标的护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案。结论:构建的护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案具有良好的可靠性与科学性,对肿瘤护理方向专科人才培养提供参考。

心房颤动患者左心耳封堵术护理方案的构建

目的 构建一套科学、标准化、具有较强临床实践性且符合我国心房颤动(房颤)患者的左心耳封堵术护理方案。方法 于2022年1-6月,通过国内外文献回顾和半结构式访谈初步构建方案,对19名专家实施德尔菲函询完成方案调整,并结合层次分析法确定各指标权重系数。结果 2轮函询问卷有效回收率分别为95%和100%;专家权威系数分别为0.879和0.896。最终确立了6个一级指标,28个二级指标,50个三级指标构成的房颤患者左心耳封堵术护理方案。各指标重要性赋值均数为4.47~5.00,满分率为52.6%~100.0%,变异系数为0.00~0.16,肯德尔系数为0.202~0.327(P<0.001)。结论 构建的房颤患者左心耳封堵术护理方案可信且具科学性,能够为房颤患者左心耳封堵术护理实践提供参考。

基于三维质量结构模型构建神经外科患者身体约束护理质量评价指标体系

目的 构建神经外科患者身体约束护理质量评价指标,用于指导护士临床实践工作,持续改进工作流程与质量。方法 以三维质量结构模型为理论指导,通过回顾文献和专家访谈,运用Delphi专家函询法,构建神经外科患者身体约束护理质量评价指标。结果 3轮专家函询问卷的有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数均>0.9,一、二级的协调系数分别为0.126、0.094(P<0.001),最终确定的评价指标包括一级指标3个,二级指标31个。结论 建立的评价指标科学、规范、内容全面,对神经外科患者身体约束护理质量具有指导作用。

《中医药防治新型冠状病毒感染专家共识》临床问题的确定

目的确定《中医药防治新型冠状病毒感染专家共识》的临床问题,为该共识形成推荐意见提供基础,为突发急性传染病相关共识的制定提供参考。方法采用文献调研与德尔菲法相结合的方法,开展文献研究和专家学术观点的梳理,采用德尔菲法开展第一轮问卷调查,确定临床一线医生关注的主要临床问题形成条目池,在此基础上制定第二轮调查问卷,以票选率>70%为标准纳入原始问题清单。梳理共14个临床问题及15个结局指标,开展第三轮问卷调查,得票率>70%的项目纳入指南问题清单及结局指标。结果最终纳入文献145篇,专家对新冠病毒感染的病因、病机、分期及治疗方面的认识比较一致,认为“湿”为本病的核心病机,普遍认同分消走泄、疏通气机是治疗关键,在病名的命名方面分歧比较明显。第一轮德尔菲法回收82份问卷,第二轮德尔菲法回收92份问卷,形成原始问题清单;第三轮问卷调查最终采纳14项临床问题及12个结局指标。结论规范地在文献研究及与德尔菲法问卷调查基础上筛选制定的临床问题能够比较全面地反映临床一线需求、主要学术观点及外感热病经典理论,能够提高指南的可推广性和可行性。

PICC 护理安全管理评价指标体系的构建

目的基于“Vincent患者安全因素框架”,构建一套适合我国PICC护理安全管理评价指标体系,为PICC护理安全管理提供可量化的参考工具。方法以“Vincent患者安全因素框架”为基础,根据文献资料分析结果和临床实践经验,分别从指标体系的临床意义、可行性和有效性等方面,初步拟定PICC护理安全管理评价指标条目。采用德尔菲专家咨询法对28名专家进行三轮专家函询,采用SPSS24.0、Yaahp软件进行统计分析,形成PICC护理安全管理评价指标条目最终版。结果根据文献资料分析结果和临床实践经验,经过2次小组会议讨论和汇总意见,初步拟定PICC护理安全管理评价指标条目,包括一级指标5个,二级指标18个,三级指标43个。本研究选取山东、北京、上海、天津四个省市的28名专家进行三轮专家函询。专家函询问卷的回收率分别是100%、92.86%和89.29%,专家权威系数分别是0.831、0.862、0.895;专家函询意见协调程度分别是0.272、0.414、0.483。经专家函询意见与小组成员讨论相结合,最终构建的PICC护理安全管理评价指标体系包含4个一级指标(组织管理因素、环境设施因素、护理人员因素、患者因素),13个二级指标,44个三级指标。结论指标构建过程科学,函询专家积极性和权威性较好,指标内容合理,可为PICC护理安全管理提供可量化的评价工具。

基于护理风险管理理论的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管风险评估指标体系构建

目的构建科学的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管(UEX)风险指标体系,为预防鼻饲患者非计划性拔管提供依据。方法通过文献回顾制定出康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险评估指标体系初稿,并应用德尔菲法对17名专家进行2轮函询,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重。结果2轮专家问卷回收有效率分别为100%、94.1%,专家权威程度分别为0.94、0.91,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.558和0.534(均P<0.001),最终形成康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系,包括一级指标3项,二级指标24项,三级指标60项。结论基于德尔菲法的康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系具有科学性和合理性,对指引临床工作具有重要意义。

参梅含片成型工艺研究

目的:优选参梅含片的成型工艺。方法:采用单因素试验确定辅料种类。采用Design-Expert响应面法,以口感、崩解时限为评价指标,确定主要辅料的用量。结果:得到参梅含片的最优处方为参梅浸膏100 g,乳糖300 g,微晶纤维素100 g,甜菊糖苷4 g。结论:试验所得参梅含片的制备工艺合理、可行。

我国司法鉴定管理体制的完善路径镜鉴——以英国专家证人管理改革为例

我国司法鉴定体制改革的目标是建立和健全统一的司法鉴定管理体制。近年来,英国在统一专家证人的资格审查与选任程序、统一和重塑专家证人的职责、统一专家证据的披露要求以及统一专家证人的管理体制等方面进行了改革,为我们提供了在面对现代专家证人管理类似挑战时尝试应对的例证。对我国而言,应确保司法鉴定活动各方主体的权益,为案件事实认定提供技术支持。首先,在对鉴定主体资格的管理上,应当明确司法鉴定管理和法院监督的界限,注意两者之间的衔接;其次,在责任追究的管理上,应当在充分尊重鉴定人独立的诉讼地位的前提下,明确鉴定人的真实义务和责任,完善法院和当事人对鉴定人的责任追究机制;最后,在技术标准的管理上,应当加大行业管理的力度,实现司法鉴定行业协会向纵深发展,推动其在行业标准制定上发挥更大作用。

糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价指标的构建

目的构建糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价指标,为糖尿病足个案管理师选拔、培训和考核提供客观、科学的理论依据。方法以岗位胜任力冰山模型为理论基础,通过文献回顾和采用整群抽样法选取该院不同科室的10名专科护士进行半结构式深入访谈、咨询,制订糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价初级指标,并通过采用德尔菲专家函询法对19名专家进行3轮函询,结合该院实际和专家意见构建糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价指标体系。结果3轮咨询后问卷回收率为100%,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.136~0.270、0.182~0.235、0.184~0.341,专家权威系数分别为0.926、0.955、0.961。最终形成了5个一级指标(护理决策能力、人际沟通能力、质量监督能力、教育指导能力、科研创新能力)、13个二级指标、69个三级指标的糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价指标体系。结论本研究构建的糖尿病足个案管理师岗位胜任力评价指标体系科学、实用、可靠,可为糖尿病足个案管理师的选拔、培训、考核、评价等提供可量化的指标参考依据。