Impact of Controllable Factors on Export Performance of SMEs in Jordan

Exporting is of great interest for SMEs in Jordan from both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspective.The objective of this study was to identify to what extent specific internal factors contribute to export success of SMEs in Jordan.This study hypothesized that export performance of SMEs is directly affected by three groups of internal factors.These include firm characteristics,managerial characteristics,and marketing strategy.A multiple case approach is used to conduct this research and a structured interview is developed to collect the data directly from the participants.A pattern matching approach was used to test the hypotheses.The results show that export performance is positively affected by firm characteristics,managerial characteristics,and marketing strategy.Additionally,the demographic characteristics of managers and adaptation of distribution channels are unlikely to have an influence on export performance.This was unexpected,because of the plenty of empirical evidences in the literature that support the impact of these variables on export success.

Industrial Policy,Product Switching,and Export Performance

Industrial policy can promote economic growth and industrial upgrading by encouraging enterprises to adopt product switching.By utilizing comprehensive industrial policies and customs trade databases from 2000 to 2015,this paper found that firms with product ranges within policy-supported areas were more active in product switching.Among all the enterprises that adopted the product switching,those with nonmain products in policy-supported areas were more inclined to adjust their main product.They tended to transform nonmain product to main product as opposed to introducing new main product in order to effectively leverage their export experience and established technology.Whereas,for enterprises whose main product was within the policy-supported areas,their tendency to switch products significantly decreased.Mechanism analysis suggested that policy support,by alleviating industry distress and mitigating excessive market competition,encouraged firms to switch products to areas with policy backing.Moreover,we estimated trade performance after product switching from the perspective of product unit price and export product quality.We found that for firms whose main product was in policy-supported areas,such switching was more likely to result in“low price,high quality”exports,whereas for firms with nonmain products in supported areas,such switching was more likely to lead to“high price,low quality”exports,which indicates that firms switching to policy-supported areas need to continuously develop their core competencies and operate effectively to improve their production performance.

Price leadership strategy or branding strategy:an empirical test of indigenous Chinese exporters

The effects of price leadership strategies and branding strategies on the export performance of indigenous Chinese exporters with a focus on developing country markets and developed country markets are examined based on the principles of strategy-environment co-alignment and marketing segmentation theory. Findings suggest that when focusing on developing country markets, the use of a branding strategy is more likely to enhance export performance. When focusing on developed country markets, neither the use of a price leadership strategy nor the use of a branding strategy enhances export performance. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

Benefits Down Evidently while Export Grew Slowly The Analysis of Economic Performance of China's Textile Machinery Industry from Jan. to Oct. 2008 (Part A)

Financial expenses Of China’s textile machinery in fiscal year 2008 rose 28.81%due to higher indebtedness(60.57%of indebtedness rate).Analysts anticipated animminent weakening of momentum for China’s textile machinery markets owing toweaker consumer spending and easing export growth.

Benefits Down Evidently while Export Grew Slowly The Analysis of Economic Performance of China's Textile Machinery Industry from Jan. to Oct. 2008 (Part B)

According to the latest statistics released by China TextileMachinery & Accessories Association(CTMA),the export value offoreign-funded enterprises from Jan.to Oct.2008,reached 0.502billion US dollars,a year-on-year increase of 0.08 percent.

Do exports firms outperform non-export ones?An empirical study on different classification of manufacturing industries in China

Using Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database between 2005 and 2009,this paper constructs indicators,from aspects of efficiency,size and financing condition to explore comprehensively the new entry exporters’performance advantage over non-exporters by the method of PSM.The manufacturing industries are then classified into four categories,namely high-technology,medium-high-technology,medium-low-technology and low-technology,for detailed study.The results show that neither self-selection effect nor learning-by-exporting effect exists in Chinese exporters on the whole.Firms with lower productivity show higher export preference.Export is helpful for employment expansion and income increase;however,it does not enhance productivity and return on asset improvement.Firms in medium-high-technology industry learn by exporting significantly with obviously better performance than those in other categories,while low-technology export firms’performance is the worst.The policy implications is as follows:first,foreign trade structure needs to be upgraded steadily;second,medium-high-technology industry is suggested to be the key area to cultivate competitive advantage for export;third,increasing support to high-technology industry should be considered.