Expression model for multiple relationships in the ontology of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge

Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.

Expression of calbindin D28K in substantia nigra of model rats with Parkinson disease

BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of anti-degeneration potentials of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe expression changes of calbindin D28K in SN dopaminergic neurons during their degeneration and death in midbrain of PD model rats. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS＂ A total of 92 healthy male SD rats, with the age of 3 months, weighing 200-250 g, were selected from Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SCXK （su） 2003-0003]. Calbindin D28K（CB）, tyroxine hydroxylase （TH）, ABC kit, 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） and Nissl dyes were provided by Sigma Company, and sheep serum was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Company. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Neurobiological Center of Xuzhou Medical College from October 2003 to October 2004. ① With lot method, rats were divided into blank control group （n=28）, experimental control group （n=-28） and experimental group （n=36）. Rats in experimental group were injected with 6-OHDA at right corpus striatum for PD modeling; rats in experimental control group were injected with saline at the same site; rats in blank control group did not give any injections.② On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, SN segments on right midbrain from every 5 rats in experimental group were fixed, embedded with paraffin and cut into successively coronary pieces. Rats in other two groups were treated with the same methods and then stained with Nissl to show neuronal form. Meanwhile, CB and TH antibodies staining with immunohistochemistry were used to show CB containing dopaminergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons, and cells were calculated and observed under optic microscope. ③ On the 14^th and 28^th days, every 4 rats in experimental group and every 4 rats in control group were selected to obtain their brains and separate SN on the injured side. Western blot was used to detect expression of calbindin D28K, protein band was scanned with imaging equipment, and data were analyzed with LabWorks software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, Nissl staining results of SN neurons and immunohistochemical staining results of CB and TH antibodies; ② On the 14^th and 28^th days, Western blot results of calbindin D28K in SN neurons, RESULTS; Among 92 rats, 2 rats in experimental group died after 1 day due to 6-OHDA injection and other 90 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Nissl staining results： On the 7^th day of 6-OHDA injection, most neuronal somas on right SN pars compacta were shown as deep pycnosis or lysis breakage; on the 14^th and 21^st days, amount of neurons was decreased remarkably; on the 28^th day, most neurons in SN pars compacta disappeared. ② Results of immunohistochemical staining： Amount of positive neurons of calbindin D28K in right SN pars compacta was not changed on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection; on the 14^th day, the amount was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.01） and was decreased till the 21^st day, but it was still higher than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）; on the 28^th day, positive neurons of calbindin D28K nearly disappeared, and the amount was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, positive TH neurons decreased 24% in right SN, and there was significant difference from that in control groups; on the 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, positive TH neurons decreased 37%, 46% and 64%, respectively. ③ Western blot results： On the 14＇h day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, expression of calbindin D28K in right SN was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.05）; however, on the 28^th day, the expression was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION ： During degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons, CB expression in SN pars compacta increases firstly and decreased gradually.

Interventional effect of hirudin on the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 in peripheral tissue of hematom of model rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND： It is suspected that dissociation, destruction or synthetic disorder of microtubule-associated protein 2 （MAP-2） may participate in secondary injury of intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）, and the reason may be related to thrombin in high concentration after ICH; therefore, the mechanism should be studied further. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of hirudin on expression of MAP-2 in peripheral tissue of hematom after ICH and changes of water content in brain tissue and analyze pathogenesis of thrombin in secondary injury after ICH. DESIGN ： Completely randomized grouping design and controlled animal study SEn-ING ： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University MATERIALS ： The experiment was carried out in the Neurological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from April 2003 to April 2004. A number of 80 healthy Wistar rats, of both genders, aged 3-4 months, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 8 groups： normal control group, 6-hour ICH group, 1-day ICH group, 2-day ICH group, 3-day ICH group, 7-day ICH group, 3-day hirudin group and 7-day hirudin group with 10 in each group. Five rats from each group were selected to measure their water content, and the others were undertaken immunohistochemical stain. Hirudin was produced by Sigma Company, USA, and MAP-2 rabbit-rat polyclonal antibody was provided by Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology Company Limited. METHODS： ① Model establishing and grouping intervention： Rats in simple ICH group were collected their blood from tails and then inserted with 50 μL non-anticoagulant auto-arterial blood into the cauda of the putamen in right brain within 5 minutes. Rats in hirudin groups were inserted with 10 U hirudin （which was diluted with saline to 20 μL） into local hematom regions within 5 minutes, and the needle was pulled out after 10 minutes. Rats in normal control group were untouched. ② Water content in peripheral tissue of hematom： Based on the ratio between dry weight and wet weight, brain tissue at bleeding side and in right frontal lobe was selected to measure dry and wet weights so as to calculate the water content [（wet weight - dry weight） /wet weight] × 100%.③ Positive expression of MAP-2： Based on immunohistochemical stain, positive MAP-2 cells were regarded as neurons and they were buffy morphological. Positive rate of MAP-2 was calculated, i.e., percentage of positive cells in each sight to total cells in all sights. ④ Statistical analysis： Data among groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance, averages were compared with SNK-q test by each other, and relation between water content and MAP-2 was analyzed with linear regression technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of water content and MAP-2 expression in peripheral tissue of hematorn at various time points after ICH and intervention of hirudin. RESULTS： All 80 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Water content： Water content was increased at day 1, reached peak at day 3 and decreased at day 7. It was （72.31±0.32）%, （77.42±0.53）%, （78.44±0.28）%, （74.10±0.13）%, （74.85±0.51）% and （70.07±0.36）%, respectively in 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was higher than that in normal control group （63.85±0.41, q=-4.684 3 to -7.262 0, P〈 0.05）; that in 2-day and 3-day ICH groups was higher than that in 7-day ICH group （q=-3.053 4, -3.727 0, P 〈 0.05）; and that in 3-day and 7-day ICH groups was higher than that in hirudin groups at the same time points （q=-2.965 6, -2.726 4, P 〈 0.05）. ②Positive expression of MAP-2： Positive expression of MAP-2 was decreased at 6 hours after ICH, reached the lowest value at day 3 and increased at day 7. Positive rate was （78.60±0.42）%, （60.56±0.74）%, （44.60±0.26）%, （25.45±0.85）%, （32.55±0.64）%, （37.69＋0.76）%, （41.75±0.68）%, respectively in 6-hour, 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was lower than that in normal control group [（96.50±0.33）%, q= -3.074 5 to -8.128 5, P 〈 0.05]. In addition, positive cells of MAP-2 disappeared plentifully at 3-7 days after ICH, stain of positive cells were light, and only stain of plasma was positive. That in 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups was higher than that in ICH groups at the same time points （q= -3.391 8, -2.967 9, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, positive cells of MAP-2 was formed slightly but deeply stained. ③ Results of linear regression： Water content was negatively related to MAP-2 changes at 7 days after ICH （r= -0.894 9, P〈 0.01）, i.e., water content was increased with decrease of MAP-2 expression. CONCLUSION ： The deterioration of MAP-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombin within the first week after ICH, and the local administration of hirudin can protect neurons.

Artificial Intelligence Prediction of One-Part Geopolymer Compressive Strength for Sustainable Concrete

Alkali-activated materials/geopolymer(AAMs),due to their low carbon emission content,have been the focus of recent studies on ecological concrete.In terms of performance,fly ash and slag are preferredmaterials for precursors for developing a one-part geopolymer.However,determining the optimum content of the input parameters to obtain adequate performance is quite challenging and scarcely reported.Therefore,in this study,machine learning methods such as artificial neural networks(ANN)and gene expression programming(GEP)models were developed usingMATLAB and GeneXprotools,respectively,for the prediction of compressive strength under variable input materials and content for fly ash and slag-based one-part geopolymer.The database for this study contains 171 points extracted from literature with input parameters:fly ash concentration,slag content,calcium hydroxide content,sodium oxide dose,water binder ratio,and curing temperature.The performance of the two models was evaluated under various statistical indices,namely correlation coefficient(R),mean absolute error(MAE),and rootmean square error(RMSE).In terms of the strength prediction efficacy of a one-part geopolymer,ANN outperformed GEP.Sensitivity and parametric analysis were also performed to identify the significant contributor to strength.According to a sensitivity analysis,the activator and slag contents had the most effects on the compressive strength at 28 days.The water binder ratio was shown to be directly connected to activator percentage,slag percentage,and calcium hydroxide percentage and inversely related to compressive strength at 28 days and curing temperature.

Automated Facial Expression Recognition and Age Estimation Using Deep Learning

With the advancement of computer vision techniques in surveillance systems,the need for more proficient,intelligent,and sustainable facial expressions and age recognition is necessary.The main purpose of this study is to develop accurate facial expressions and an age recognition system that is capable of error-free recognition of human expression and age in both indoor and outdoor environments.The proposed system first takes an input image pre-process it and then detects faces in the entire image.After that landmarks localization helps in the formation of synthetic face mask prediction.A novel set of features are extracted and passed to a classifier for the accurate classification of expressions and age group.The proposed system is tested over two benchmark datasets,namely,the Gallagher collection person dataset and the Images of Groups dataset.The system achieved remarkable results over these benchmark datasets about recognition accuracy and computational time.The proposed system would also be applicable in different consumer application domains such as online business negotiations,consumer behavior analysis,E-learning environments,and emotion robotics.

CHECKING CONSISTENCY IN INFORMATION MODELS BY USING CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING

This paper addresses the issue of checking consistency in information models. A method based on constraint programming is proposed for identifying inconsistency or proving consistency in information models. The system described here checks information models written in the ISO standard information modelling language EXPRESS. EXPRESS is part of the ISO STEP standard used in the manufacturing and process industries. This paper describes the checking procedure, including EXPRESS model formalization, constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) derivation from the formalized model and satisfaction checking of the derived CSPs. This paper shows a new domain in which constraint programming can be exploited as model verification and validation.

基于物理模型的人脸表情动画技术研究

用计算机建立人脸表情动画是当前计算机图形学研究领域中的一个富有挑战性的课题 .该文在总结了国内外有关该课题研究方法的基础上 ,提出了一种基于物理模型的人脸表情动画生成算法 ,并依该算法设计和开发了一个实际的人脸表情动画系统 HU FACE.该算法将人的脸部模拟为一个弹性体 ,为使计算简化 ,又将人脸表面依其生理特征分为八个子块 .脸部表情所产生的五官动作模拟为弹性体的形变 ,并建立相应的弹性形变模型 .当脸部表情引起脸部各子块形变时 ,每个子块上的各点将发生位移 ,于是利用该模型计算这些点的位移量 ,由此获得表情动画中的每一帧画面 .由于脸部动作由该形变模型控制 ,且计算简单、速度快 ,因此不需存储表情动画中的各个画面 ,提高了系统的效率 .实验结果表明 ,由 HUFACE系统生成的人脸表情真实。

旋挖切削土阻力的理论分析与试验研究

在传统土的平面切削理论基础上,提出了土的旋挖切削模型,推导出旋挖切削土阻力公式,公式考虑了孔壁内侧剪切破坏和实际切削角减小等问题。采用多种刀具对砂土进行大量旋挖试验,以测得不同刀具在改变切削角时的旋挖切削阻力。通过试验与理论分析结果比较,证明了理论公式的正确性。研究发现,切削阻力与切削角呈非线性关系,并且不同土质有不同的最佳切削角;不带刀齿的刀具切削阻力大于有齿刀具,而且受切削角影响较大。

关于体词性谓语句的理论思考

回顾现代汉语体词性谓语句研究的状况,对体词性谓语句的"省略说"进行讨论,并论证了现代汉语体词性谓语句的存在,认为体词性谓语句语义自足的关键条件是区别性。

关于句法结构平行性的理论思考——论“能愿动词+VP”结构的定性

文章从平行性、表达分布、骈和结构和语义格分析等角度对"能愿动词+VP"结构的定性问题进行了数据分析与论证。结果认为,把"能愿动词+VP"结构定性为状中结构是更为合理的选择。

《第二十二条军规》的双重解读

约瑟夫.海勒的《第二十二条军规》当属20世纪美国黑色幽默文学的精品和典范。从反映论看,它是权力法则的象征;从表现论看,它是演示现代荒诞意识绝妙的艺术载体。从反映论与表现论的不同角度进行双重解读,更能彰显出小说的精品价值和经典意义。

Implementation of Generic AHP Evaluation System and Its Application to Impact Factors of On-Line Consumption Behavior

To implement the computation of AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） automatically, make the implementation independence on the platform, and to convenient the service composition and service computation, this study implemented AHP model as a Web service and stored the evaluation information as XML form. This paper introduces the overall demands of AHP evaluation system firstly, and then presents some key technologies to implement AHP evaluation system, including mainly AHP evaluation index architecture based on XML, the class of AHP model, the Web service encapsulation of AHP, the publication and invocation of AHP and the client application. At last, the system is used to analyze the impact factors of online consumption behavior.

万能胶·橡皮泥·包装纸——现代建筑造型逻辑隐喻及其分析

分析了形体逻辑隐喻对当下中国建筑造型的影响。总结出三个逻辑隐喻:万能胶的隐喻是对传统连接构造的发难,橡皮泥的隐喻反映了对形体设计追求的极致,而包装纸隐喻象征了一种"商业表现"的形象塑造方法。运用三个逻辑隐喻分析了艾里希·门德尔松的爱因斯坦天文台和弗兰克·盖里的创作流变。这些隐喻勾勒出建筑造型逻辑复杂的现代主义背景。这种复杂性综合了现代社会中必然性与矛盾性的因素,不能单一从片状的建筑技术层面进行理解。

Research of testing method based on UML statecharts

Unified modeling language （UML） is a powerful graphical modeling language with intuitional meaning. It provides various diagrams to depict system characteristics and complex environment from different viewpoints and different application layers. UML-based software development and modeling environments have been widely accepted in industry, including areas in which safety is an important issue such as spaceflight, defense, automobile, etc. To ensure and improve software quality becomes a main concern in the field. As one of the key techniques for software quality, software testing can effectively detect system faults. UML based software testing based is an important research direction in software engineering. The key to software testing is the generation of test cases. This dissertation studies an approach to generating test cases from UML statecharts.

Exact expression for decoherence factor in the time-dependent generalized Cini model

The present letter finds the complete set of exact solutions of the time-dependent generalized Cini model by making use of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory and the invariant-related unitary transformation formulation and, based on this, the general explicit expression for the decoherence factor is therefore obtained. This study provides us with a useful method to consider the geometric phase and topological properties in the time-dependent quantum decoherence process.

浅议日本少字数派书法

日本现代书法流派之一的少字数派直至今天在书坛上仍具有强大的生命力。本文旨在对其流派的产生原由及艺术特征和审美意蕴等进行论述。

Hippocampus hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and heme oxygenase-1 expression in the delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning rat model

Objective To research the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in hippocampus of rats with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP)and its functions.Methods One hundred and fiftysix rats were selected and randomly divided into

Expression, purification and activity assay of recombinant human thymidylate synthase

Thymidylate synthase （TS, E.C.2.1.1.45） catalyzes a critical reaction in the only pathway of de novo synthesis of thymidylate （dTMP） in human cells, and is an important target of chemotherapy. To evaluate the inhibitory activities of novel compounds to TS, a convenient method of activity assay using 6x His-tagged recombinant human TS （rhTS） was established and 49 novel synthetic folate analogues were screened to discover potential TS inhibitors. During the process, 4 novel compounds were found to effectively inhibit TS, while the IC 50 of a positive control raltitrexed was 3.4 μM in this assay.

Study and evaluation of a plant form modeling system based on the Lindenmayer system

In order to evaluate and recognize plant growth automatically based on photos of plants in plant science and engineering,we propose a diagnostic system for plant growth in which simulated plant growth is used as a reference for real growing plants.In our diagnostic system,we employ the Lindenmayer system[Lecture Notes in Computer Science,15,53–68,1974]to model healthy growing plants.In the Lindenmayer system plant growth is expressed by string expressions designed as a numerical model for the plant.This proposal system provides users the string expressions by using image processing.As users compare with two strings such as DNA sequence genetic code,users obtain developmental change of plat growth.The results show that our automatic plant diagnostic system is effective in checking actual healthy plant growth,and suggest that the diagnostic system should be useful in large-scale plant factories.

Rationally optimized generation of integrated Escherichia coli with stable and high yield lycopene biosynthesis from heterologous mevalonate(MVA)and lycopene expression pathways

The stability and high productivity of heterogeneous terpenoid production in Escherichia coli expression system is one of the most key issues for its large scale industrialization.In the current study on taking lycopene biosynthesis as an example,an integrated Escherichia coli system has been generated successfully,which resulted into stable and high lycopene production.In this process,two modules of mevalonate(MVA)pathway and one module of lycopene expression pathway were completely integrated in the chromosome.Firstly,the copy number and integrated position of three modules of heterologous pathways were rationally optimized.Later,a strain DH416 equipped with heterogeneous expression pathways through chromosomal integration was efficiently derived from parental strain DH411.The evolving DH416 strain efficiently produced the lycopene level of 1.22 g/L(49.9 mg/g DCW)in a 5 L fermenter with mean productivity of 61.0 mg/L/h.Additionally,the integrated strain showed more genetic stability than the plasmid systems after successive 21st passage.