Internal fixator vs external fixator in the management of unstable pelvic ring injuries:A prospective comparative cohort study

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of the pelvic ring anatomy in unstable anterior pelvic ring injuries is a significant step to reduce the mortality rate associated with these injuries efficiently.There is a debate on using either an anterior subcutaneous pelvis internal fixator(INFIX)or an anterior supra-acetabular external fixator(EXFIX)to manage an unstable anterior pelvic ring fracture.AIM To compare the functional and radiological outcomes and complications of INFIX vs EXFIX in managing unstable pelvic ring injuries.METHODS A prospective cohort study included 54 patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures.The patients were divided into two groups;the INFIX group,in which 30 cases were fixed by INFIX,and the EXFIX group,in which 24 patients were treated by EXFIX.The average age in the EXFIX group was 31.17 years(16-57 years),while in the INFIX group,it was 34.5 years(17-53 years).The study included 20(66.7%)males and 10(33.3%)females in the INFIX group and 10(41.7%)males and 14(58.3%)females in the EXFIX group.The radiological outcomes were evaluated using Matta and Tornetta's score,and the functional outcomes using the Majeed score.RESULTS The results revealed a statistically significant difference between both groups(P=0.013)regarding radiological outcomes,according to Matta and Tornetta's score in favor of the INFIX group.Sitting,standing,and walking abilities were measured at a 3-mo follow-up visit using Majeed score modules.It was significantly better among the INFIX group than the EXFIX group in all three modules.At the final follow-up,both groups had no statistically significant difference according to the Majeed score;92.35 in the INFIX group and 90.99 in the EXFIX group(P=0.513).A lower surgical site infection rate was noticed in the INFIX group(P=0.007).CONCLUSION Anterior subcutaneous pelvis INFIX is associated with better radiological outcomes and a lower infection rate than anterior supra-acetabular EXFIX in managing patients with unstable anterior pelvic ring fractures.

Step-by-step external fixation of unstable pelvis with separate anterior and posterior modules

Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with pelvic ring injury by applying step-by-step external pelvic fixation and circular external fixation device.Methods: A total of 28 patients suffering from disintegrated pelvic ring injury are involved in the study. Fourteen patients(the treatment group) underwent step-by-step external pelvic fixation by applying anterior(anti-shock) and posterior modules. For the rest 14 patients(the experimental group), the osteosynthesis were conducted by means of a circular external fixation device. The long-term outcomes were evaluated in a year after the injury.Results: The residual deformity of 5(4–7) mm was observed in 10 patients(71.4%) from the experimental group. In the treatment group, the residual deformity was evident only in 4(28.6%) cases being 2.5(2–3) mm(P = 0.000 319) on the average. The functional result(according to the Majeed scale) was statistically better in the treatment group(P = 0.000 319). Nine(64.3%) and five(35.7%) patients in treatment group showed excellent and positive results, respectively. The excellent result was demonstrated by 3patients(21.4%) of the experimental group, the positive outcomes were observed in 6 cases(42.9%) and the unsatisfactory one was displayed by 1 patient(7.1%) of the same group.Conclusions: The modular approach applied is the advantage of the transosseous osteosynthesis allowing for a separate anterior(anti-shock) fixation and final posterior reposition of the pelvic ring preceded by the stabilization of vital functions. The above mentioned method gives an opportunity to increase the amount of techniques applied for the pelvic external fixation in polytrauma cases.

Pelvic fractures in blunt trauma patients:A comparative study

BACKGROUND Pelvic fractures(PF)with concomitant injuries are on the rise due to an increase of high-energy trauma.Increase of the elderly population with age related comorbidities further complicates the management.Abdominal organ injuries are kindred with PF due to the proximity to pelvic bones.Presence of contrast blush(CB)on computed tomography in patients with PF is considered a sign of active bleeding,however,its clinical significance and association with outcomes is debatable.AIM To analyze polytrauma patients with PF with a focus on the geriatric population,co-injuries and the value of contrast blush.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 558 patients with PF admitted to level 1 trauma center(01/2017-01/2023).Analyzed variables included:Age,sex,mechanism of injury(MOI),injury severity score(ISS),Glasgow coma scale(GCS),abbreviated injury scale(AIS),co-injuries,transfusion requirements,pelvic angiography,embolization,laparotomy,orthopedic pelvic surgery,intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay,discharge disposition and mortality.The study compared geriatric and non-geriatric patients,patients with and without CB and abdominal co-injuries.Propensity score matching was implemented in comparison groups.RESULTS PF comprised 4%of all trauma admissions.89 patients had CB.286(52%)patients had concomitant injuries including 93(17%)patients with abdominal co-injuries.Geriatric patients compared to non-geriatric had more falls as MOI,lower ISS and AIS pelvis,higher GCS,less abdominal co-injuries,similar CB and angio-embolization rates,less orthopedic pelvic surgeries,shorter lengths of stay and higher mortality.After propensity matching,orthopedic pelvic surgery rates remained lower(8%vs 19%,P<0.001),hospital length of stay shorter,and mortality higher(13%vs 4%,P<0.001)in geriatric patients.Out of 89 patients with CB,45(51%)were embolized.After propensity matching,patients with CB compared to without CB had more pelvic angiography(71%vs 12%,P<0.001),higher embolization rates(64%vs 22%,P=0.02)and comparable mortality.CONCLUSION Half of the patients with PF had concomitant co-injuries,including abdominal co-injuries in 17%.Similarly injured geriatric patients had higher mortality.Half of the patients with CB required an embolization.

External fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis for vertically unstable pelvic fracture

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of external fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis in treatment of vertically unstable pelvic fractures.Methods From January 2008 to March 2009,9 patients(4 males and 5 females)

External fixation in early treatment of unstable pelvic fractures

Background Patients with pelvic fractures are often treated in hospitals without the capacity to implement an open reduction internal fixation （ORIF）. This often leads to pelvic malunion in patients with unstable pelvic fracture, shock or even death due to uncontrollable pelvic hemorrhage and unstable hemodynamics. This study explored the role of early external fixation （within 7 days） for patients with unstable pelvic fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated with early external fixation from January 2005 to January 2010 （Tile type B： 18 cases; C： 14 cases）. The study comprised 28 males and 4 females, with a mean age of （32_＋8） years （range, 21-56 years）. Of these patients, 22 were treated with emergency pelvic external fixation and 10 were treated with external fixation within 1-7 days. Fifteen cases suffered traumatic hemorrhagic shock. A statistical analysis was conducted to compare fluid infusion and blood transfusion volumes within the first 24 hours of these shock patients with another cohort of patients treated without early external fixation from January 1993 to January 1998. Results The average follow-up was （34.7_＋14.6） months （range, 6-66 months）. Six to eight weeks after external fixation, patients could walk with crutches; by 12 weeks, external fixation was removed and all fractures had healed. Seven patients presented with sequelae, including 3 patients with long-term lumbosacral pain, 3 patients with erectile dysfunction and 1 patient with MoreI-Lavallee lesion and other complications. The 15 shock patients in this study （2005-2010 group） required significantly lower volumes of fluid infusion and blood transfusion （Pfluid=0.000; mtransfusion=0.000） as compared to the 1993-1998 cohort. Conclusions The early application of external fixation in unstable pelvic fracture patients positively affects hemodynamic stability, with outstanding efficacy as a final fixation option for unstable pelvic fractures.

Combined anterior and posterior ring fixation versus posterior ring fixation alone in the management of unstable Tile B and C pelvic ring injuries:A randomized controlled trial

Purpose: Combined anterior and posterior ring (APR) fixation is classically performed in Tile B2 and C1 injuries to achieve superior biomechanical stability.However,the posterior ring (PR) is the main weight bearing portion that is responsible for weight transmission from the upper parts of the body to the lower limbs through the sacrum and the linea terminalis.It is hypothesized that isolated PR fixation can achieve comparable radiological and clinical outcomes to APR fixation.Therefore,we conducted this study to compare the two fixation principles in managing Tile B2 and C1 injuries.Methods: Our study included 20 patients with Tile B2 injuries and 20 patients with Tile C1 injuries.This study was a randomized control single-blinded study via computerized random numbers with a 1:1 allocation by using random block method.The study was performed at a level one trauma center.A total of 40 patients with Tile B2 and C1 injuries underwent combined APR or isolated PR fixation (Group A and B,respectively).Matta & Tornetta radiological principles and Majeed pelvic scoring system were used for the assessment of primary outcomes and postoperative complications.Secondary outcomes included operative time,amount of blood loss,intraoperative assessment of reduction,need of another operation,length of hospital stay,ability to weight bear postoperatively and pain control metrics.We used studentt-test to compare the difference in means between two groups,and Chi-square test to compare proportions between two qualitative parameters.We set the confidence interval to 95% and the margin of error accepted to 5%.So,p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean follow-up duration was 18 months.The operative time (mean difference 0.575 h) and the intraoperative blood loss (mean difference 97.5 mL) were lower in Group B.Also,despite the higher frequency of rami displacement before union in the same group,there were no significant differences in terms of radiological outcome (excellent outcome withOR = 2.357),clinical outcome (excellent outcome withOR = 2.852) and postoperative complications assessment (OR = 1.556) at last follow-up.Conclusion: The authors concluded that isolated PR fixation could favorably manage Tile B2 and C1 pelvic ring injuries with Nakatani zone II pubic rami fractures and intact inguinal ligament.Its final radiological and clinical outcomes and postoperative complications were comparable to combined APR fixation,but with less morbidity (shorter operation time,lower amount of blood,and no records of postoperative wound infection).

Use of Ilizarov technique for bilateral knees flexion contracture in Juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: A case report

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic rheumatic disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac and peripheral joints.Juvenile-onset AS(JoAS)patients will likely present with peripheral joint symptoms.Knee flexion contracture(KFC)and hip flexion contracture(HFC)are common in these patients due to subchondral bone inflammation.The Ilizarov technique is the most commonly used technique for treating KFC.However,its use to treat JoAS-associated KFC has not been reported.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case study of a 31-year-old male patient with a squatting gait due to severe bilateral KFC and HFC.The patient had a normal walking pattern until the age of eight,after which he experienced knee and hip pain,leading to the gradual development of KFC and HFC.The patient’s primary complaint was an inability to walk upright.The patient was diagnosed with JoAS and under-went hip dissection and release,limited soft tissue release of the hamstring,and gradual traction using the Ilizarov method.Ultimately,the patient was able to walk upright.CONCLUSION The incidence of squatting gait due to KFC in individuals diagnosed with JoAS was low.Utilizing the Ilizarov technique has proven to be a secure and effective method for managing KFC in JoAS patients.Although the Ilizarov technique cannot substitute for total knee arthroplasty(TKA),its application can delay the need for primary TKA in JoAS patients and alleviate the intricacy and potential complications associated with the procedure.

前环皮下内固定治疗骨盆前环损伤的研究进展

前环皮下内置外固定架(internal fixation,INFIX)作为目前骨盆前环损伤微创固定的代表之一,该技术的置钉点位于髂前下棘螺钉,以向外30°、向后20°的角度拧入,并且注意螺钉头应位于深筋膜上方与骨面保持20~25 mm的安全距离。其改良版本有增加耻骨结节螺钉的3钉或4钉INFIX、单侧INFIX、短杆INFIX以及双INFIX,这些改良使其稳定性进一步增强。解剖上股外侧皮神经(lateral femoral cutaneous nerve,LFCN)相对容易受损,术中要格外注意。生物力学稳定性相较于外固定架有着优势,并且应用之灵活,不局限于耻骨支骨折、联合分离等,在前后环联合固定中也扮演着重要角色可联合后路骶髂螺钉、髂腰固定等。在儿童、妊娠期妇女、存在皮下连接杆禁忌等人群中也有报道并取得了不错的临床效果。加之目前机器人、复位架等技术的应用,极大降低了复位难度,提高了闭合复位质量,令其在复杂骨盆骨折中也能够进行固定。该技术复位质量高,有着与传统钢板等相当的疗效,常见并发症是LFCN损伤,术中仔细暴露、调整内固定的位置和深度,可有效避免该并发症。

微创经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的效果分析

目的:分析微创经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的临床效果。方法:选取2020年3月—2022年3月北京市上地医院和北京大望路急诊抢救医院收治的骨盆前环骨折患者66例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各33例。对照组实施开放复位内固定术,观察组实施微创经皮空心螺钉内固定术。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组骨折复位总优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039)。观察组术中出血量少于对照组,术后下床活动时间、骨痂形成时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。术后3、6、8个月,两组骨盆功能评分逐渐升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。结论:微创经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗骨盆前环骨折的效果显著,可减少术中出血量,加速康复,提高骨折复位优良率,降低并发症发生率。

Stabilization of unstable pelvic fractures with a novel internal-external fixator

An internal-external fixator for stabilization in three cases with unstable pelvic fractures were reported. Compared with external fixation, the internal-external fixator, which is placed in the subcutaneous layer, decreased the risk of pin-track infection, pin site pain, and bowel obstruction; meanwhile, it had the advantage of external fixation： it was easy to apply, controlled damage, and resulted in minimal injury.

外固定支架与内固定治疗对创伤性骨盆骨折的临床疗效对比研究

目的对比外固定支架与内固定治疗创伤性骨盆骨折患者的临床效果。方法本研究采用回顾性研究方法,选取2019年1月至2024年2月在武警第一机动总队医院治疗的102例不稳定型骨盆骨折患者为研究对象,其中54例患者采用内固定手术治疗(内固定组),48例采用外固定支架治疗(外固定组)。对比2组患者手术时间、术中透视次数、骨折愈合时间、骨折复位质量、骨痂形成情况、肢体功能恢复情况。结果内固定组手术时间、骨折愈合时间长于外固定组,术后透视次数少于外固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。内固定组Matta标准优良率83.33%,外固定组为79.17%,内固定组手术复位效果优于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在术后8周、术后12周,内固定组骨痂形成评分均高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);内固定组肢体功能达优率为57.41%,外固定组为43.75%,内固定组优于外固定组(P<0.05)。结论外固定支架治疗创伤性骨盆骨折患者操作简便,手术时间短,但在骨折复位、骨痂形成及术后肢体功能恢复方面均不如内固定手术效果。

骨盆外固定支架治疗骨盆骨折

目的: 探讨用外固定架治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的可行性、特点及具体方法。方法: 根据骨盆骨折稳定性的Tile创伤分类, 对不同的创伤类型应用相对应的作用力进行固定,达到消除骨盆骨折移位、稳定骨盆环的目的。结果: 本组 13例, 1例未随访, 12例获得平均 23. 4个月随访, 7例均获得骨性愈合, 恢复原有工作, 3例良好, 2例可, 总优良率为 83. 3%。结论: 外固定术具有创伤小, 操作简单, 不增加损伤等优点。对于骨盆后侧韧带保持完整的B型骨折, 由于外固定架与后韧带群的协同作用, 因而能形成可靠固定。对同时存在垂直不稳定型的骨盆骨折, 骨外固定术可稳定骨折块, 减少出血, 从而有利于稳定血流动力学, 为早期复苏赢得时间。骨盆外固定支架是治疗B型骨盆骨折的一种较好的方法。

骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的 :探讨骨盆骨折各种手术方法的适应证及治疗效果。方法 :选择 3 2例骨盆骨折手术治疗病人 ,根据Tile’s分型及病人情况选择手术方法。多发伤、Tile’sB型早期 (平均 6.2h )行骨折闭合复位及外固定架固定 ,单纯骨盆骨折、Tile’sC型在伤后 5～ 7d行开放复位 ,用 3 .5～ 4.5mm重建钢板、拉力螺钉固定。结果 :本组 3 0例得到随访 ,平均随访 2 3 .4个月 ,骨折均愈合良好 ,肢体功能恢复良好。结论 :对于骨盆骨折 ,无论采取哪一种治疗方法 ,只要适应证选择得当 ,均能获得良好效果。

骨盆髂嵴外固定架Schanz钉置钉区域的影像学研究

目的 :对骨盆髂嵴外固定架Schanz钉置钉区域进行影像学研究以指导置钉。方法 :将筛选出的9例成人正常骨盆的2.0 mm层厚轴向CT扫描结果导入MIMICS 10.0软件。通过后者将髂嵴外固定架Schanz钉置钉区域,即位于髂前上棘及臀中肌结节之间的、髋臼之上的髋臼前柱的高位部分,进行真正矢状面及冠状面重建。然后应用该软件的测量工具于重建面上进行测量,最后对测量结果进行分析。结果:位于髂前上棘前缘后方16.5 mm宽度为49.6 mm的髂嵴节段可用作定位髂嵴外固定架Schanz钉的进钉点。该节段髂嵴所覆盖骨质相对丰厚及纵深,可完全容纳直径为5.0 mm的Schanz钉,并可经髂嵴将该直径的螺钉最浅打入71.7 mm至髋臼顶及最深打入143.5 mm至髋臼后方相对致密的骨质。结论:本研究结果可用于指导髂嵴外固定Schanz钉的置入,于上述进钉点区域将Schanz钉朝向髋臼或其后方打入臼顶或臼后相对致密的骨质以获得较好的把持力从而增强固定效果。

复合固定技术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折的效果评价

目的回顾性研究评价复合固定技术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折的治疗效果.方法对2000年3月至2005年3月间应用内固定和外固定复合固定技术手术治疗的41例不稳定性骨盆骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分别应用Tile分类方法对骨折进行分类,应用Tornetta和Matta复位情况评价表评估复位情况,应用Majeed功能恢复评价表评价治疗的功能效果.结果本组41例患者中有2例发生切口感染,经清创等治疗后愈合;深静脉血栓形成6例,经抗凝治疗后治愈.34例患者获得随访,随访时间为2个月～4年,平均23个月.所有骨折均愈合,骨折复位优28例、良7例、可4例、差2例,优良率为85.4%;功能恢复优17例、良12例、可3例、差2例,优良率为85.3%.结论稳定和重建骨盆环能显著减少不稳定性骨盆骨折的并发症,应用复合固定技术治疗后骨折的复位和功能恢复均满意.

骨盆外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗TileB型骨盆骨折

目的:探讨骨盆外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗TileB型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法:2004年9月至2009年6月中南大学湘雅医院采用骨盆外固定支架结合有限内固定的方法治疗TileB型骨盆骨折14例,疗效满意。结果:本组14例,全部获得随访,术后随访6～49(20.2±10.2)月,根据Matta评分标准,9例优,4例良,1例可,优良率92.9%。结论:骨盆外固定支架结合有限内固定治疗TileB型骨盆骨折创伤小,操作相对简单,在恢复骨盆解剖序列连续性的同时,又能加强整体结构的稳定性,是一种有效的治疗方法。

椎弓根螺钉结合外固定支架治疗经骶骨骨折脱位旋转垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉结合外固定支架治疗经骶骨骨折脱位旋转垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的疗效。方法 2007年2月~2009年3月共收治16例经骶骨骨折脱位旋转垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折16例,Tile分类：C211例,C35例,均采用椎弓根螺钉结合外固定支架治疗,应用Matta评分标准评价患者功能恢复情况,随访观察治疗效果。结果所有病例术中未发生血管、神经损伤,术后均获得11~18个月随访,平均14.8个月,定期摄骨盆正位X线片,随访复查未发现螺丝钉和接骨板松动、断裂等现象,无骨盆环明显畸形、骨折不愈合、双下肢不等长。其中外固定钉钉道处表浅感染3例,术后骶神经症状部分恢复。根据Matta评分标准,对术后骨盆X线片进行测量,优12例,良3例,可1例,优良率93.7%。结论椎弓根螺钉结合外固定支架固定是治疗经骶骨骨折脱位旋转垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的有效方法之一。

骨盆环重建内固定治疗骨盆C型骨折

目的:探讨切开复位内固定重建骨盆环治疗骨盆C型骨折的疗效和方法。方法:40例骨盆骨折按Tile分类确定为C型骨折,对前、后环严重损伤者行前路、后路或联合入路复位固定重建骨盆环。结果:随访36例,平均随访15个月。骨折愈合骨盆环无畸形,下地行走,无腰腿痛及步态异常。结论:骨盆C型骨折手术内固定,重建骨盆环方法恢复解剖关系,临床疗效满意。

骶髂关节复合体损伤治疗方式的进展

骶髂关节复合体是躯干与下肢负荷传递的枢纽,不稳定型骨盆骨折常涉及骶髂关节损伤。骶髂关节损伤的治疗效果对骨盆功能的恢复有决定意义。对于骶髂关节损伤的治疗临床报道方法较多,各家报道疗效不同。本文复习了大量的相关文献后对涉及骶髂关节损伤的治疗进行综述,以期待对临床治疗有所借鉴。

地震伤C1型骨盆骨折的微创治疗

[目的]探讨地震伤C1型骨盆骨折经皮微创技术治疗的可行性。[方法]13例Tile分类C1型骨盆骨折患者采取前环骨盆外固定架结合在C型臂X线机引导下经皮微创技术置入拉力螺钉复位固定骶髂关节。[结果]C型臂X线机引导下经皮置入空心拉力螺钉成功,外固定架固定骨盆前环复位良好,术后复查X线片复位满意。[结论]外固定架结合C型臂X线机引导下经皮置入空心拉力螺钉是治疗骨盆C1型骨折的最好方法之一。