Optimization of the Extraction Process of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with Oil Dissolution Method

[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with oil dissolution method. [ Method ] Small amounts of acetone or ethanol were separately added into soybean oil for astaxanthin extraction. The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with different methods was compared. [ Result] The extraction efficiency of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis with acetone, acetone ＋ soybean oil, ethanol ＋ soybean oil, soybean oil was 20.46, 21.65, 20.85 mg/g and 13.05 mg/g, respectively. According to the results, acetone ＋ soybean oil led to the highest extraction rate, which was approximately twice that of soybean oil and higher than that of acetone. [ Conclusion ] This study laid the foundation for large-scale production of astaxanthin.

Extraction,Purification,and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Steroid Fraction from Physalis Alkekengi L.Var.Franchetii(Mast.)Makino

Objective: As a traditional medicinal plant listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii(Mast.) Makino(PAF) has a long medicinal history and high economic value. PAF has immunomodulatory properties and can be used to treat acute lung injury and eczema.The aim of this study is to solve the problems of extraction and purification of active components from PAF. Materials and Methods: The solvent to be used for extraction and its concentration, the solid-to-liquid ratio, and extraction duration were investigated using a single-factor experiment.An orthogonal design(L_(9)[3^(4)]) was used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. After optimization, the sample’s concentrations and flow velocity, the eluents and their velocity, adsorption time, and the removed water volume were measured. The content of the five steroids in the sample was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). We also investigated the anti-inflammatory property of PAF calyxes before and after purification. Results: The optimum extraction and purification processes were determined by single-factor analysis.AB-8 was identified as the best macroporous adsorption resin for enrichment. After optimization, the average total steroid content was 71.83%,and the average recovery was 90% after purification. Among the five steroid components detected by HPLC, physalin F showed the highest content. Furthermore, the sample obtained after purification could significantly inhibit paw edema by egg whites induced. Conclusions: An environmentally-sustainable, efficient, and stable process was first optimized for enriching and purifying total steroids from PAF. The process has the potential for further development and utilization in the pharmaceutical industry.

Box Behnken design-based optimized extraction of non-dioxin-like PCBs for GC-ECD and GC-MS analyses in milk samples

A multivariate optimization process of the sample extraction procedure by Box-Behnken design through a global desirability function is described for the determination of six non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(NDL-PCBs#28,52,101,153,138 and 180)in milk by GC-ECD and mass spectrometry.Three factors were involved in refining the extraction conditions:the acetone percentage in the extraction mixture,the sample/solvent ratio,and the extraction time.The three-factor design required 26 experiments that were carried out in duplicate and in a randomized order to minimize the bias effects of uncontrolled variables.The optimized factors(acetone percentage:30%;sample-to-solvent ratio:0.11 g mL^-1;extraction time:45 min)ensured a low solvent consumption and a reduced extraction time,allowing a rapid and simultaneous preparation of multiple sample extracts.The method was validated according to the European directives(Decision 657/2002/EC,SANTE 2017/11813/EC)through the evaluation of linearity,selectivity,LOD,LOQ,recovery,precision,and ruggedness.