Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients

With the great development of liver transplantation in China, long survival and quality of life after liver transplantation have been matters of growing interest. This study was designed to investigate the impact of personality and coping skills on the quality of life after liver transplantation. METHODS:Fifty-five outpatients who had been followed up after liver transplantation at our center were assessed by general quality of life inventory (GQOLI-74 ), a medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ), an eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and a general condition questionnaire (GCQ). RESULTS: The score for material well-being was the lowest (63.22±12.67) and for psychological well-being the highest (73.43±12.60) in 4 dimensions of the GQOLI in post transplantation patients. Their main coping method was confrontation (21.40±3.70). The main characteristics of their personality were extraversation (E score 12.96±4.13) and neuroticism (N score 8.20±4.90) . The total score of the GQOLI was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and it was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. The physical well-being positively associated with the E score. The psychological well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and L score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance, P and N score. Social well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. Material well-being was not correlated with coping methods and personality. CONCLUSION:The quality of life in post liver transplantation patients is associated with their psychological characteristics.

The Relationship between Mental Disorders and Personality of Outpatients in a Psychiatric Clinic in Nanjing, China

Psychosis has increasingly become a social problem,emphasizing the need to understand the relationship between mental disorders and personality.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental disorders and personality among psychiatric outpatients based on real-world data.Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)were used to evaluate the personality and psychopathological symptoms of patients(n=8409)in the Psychiatric Outpatient Department at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.t-test was used to compare scores between patients and national norms.Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to explore the relationship between mental health status and personality.The correlation coefficient between the neuroticism(N)score and each factor score of the SCL-90 test,as well as the correlation between psychoticism(P)and hostility and paranoia,exceeded 0.4.Path analysis revealed that the standardized path coefficients of N score and SCL-90 were all higher than 0.4.In addition,the standardized path coefficient of hostility and paranoia on P score were 0.313 and 0.280,respectively.Interpersonal sensitivity,depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were affected by extraversion(E)score,with standardized path coefficients of-0.149,-0.138,and-0.105,respectively.The path analysis also showed the direct and indirect effects of age,gender,education,and marital status on SCL-90.Patients characterized as melancholic had higher scores in all factors of SCL-90.In conclusion,mental health was related to personality traits of neuroticism,psychoticism and introversion.

What Is the Personal Experience of IBD Patients about Their Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy?

AIM: To evaluate and compare the patients opinion on the two types of anti- TNF-α therapies in a Hungarian cohort of IBD patients. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, questionnaire-based observational study carried out in three Hungarian tertiary centres. From April to September 2014, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD), who have received infliximab (IFX) and/or adalimumab (ADA). The survey focused on the preferences of the two anti-TNF-α therapies on the basis of the efficacy, the administration routes and the side effects. RESULTS: 292 IBD patients, 216 CD, 75 UC and 1 indeterminate colitis patient completed the questionnaire. The mean duration of biological therapy was 1.7 (1 - 7) years. IFX treated patients noticed improvement of symptoms at 4 - 5 weeks while ADA treated patients noticed at 5 - 6 weeks. There was no difference between the patients’ satisfaction regarding the types of anti-TNF-α therapy if they received both. However, subcutaneous administration was preferred by ADA-treated patients previously receiving IFX (p = 0.007) compared to intravenous route and they did not intend to change the mode of therapy (p = 0.040). 90% of the patients, receiving only IFX or ADA were satisfied with their present therapy. The majority of patients (186/292, 63.7%) would not switch therapy. 63 of 291, 22% of the patients reported to have some concern with biological therapy—the majority (32/63, 50.8%) due to fear from side effects. CONCLUSION: Generally, patients preferred and would not change the present anti-TNF-α therapy, however, subcutaneous administration was preferred among those patients who had have experience with both.

SCL90和EPQ及UPI 3个量表关系研究

目的通过SCL-90、EPQ、UPI3个量表在大学生心理健康调查中的应用，研究它们的内在有机关联。方法对某高校2005年入学新生进行心理健康普查，运用SCL90、EPQ、UPI3个量表同时进行测量，实际选择了1655例有效调查对象，通过计算Cronbachd系数、Guttman分半信度和主成分分析、因子分析、分析3个量表主要因子之间的关系。结果SCL90、EPQ、UPI3个量表的Cronbachd系数分别是0．9702、0．7254、0．8407；Guttman分半信度分别是0．9389、0、7356．0．7723；随机抽取调查对象的5％重复测量3个表的Pearson相关系数分别是0．840、0．704、0．845，说明这3个量表此次评定结果可信；SCL90总分与SCL90各因子之间的相关系数介于0．747～0．910之间；UPI总分与UPI各因子的相关系数介于0．825～0．867之间；SCL90总分与UPI总分的Pearson相关系数是0．699；SCL90与EPQ各因子之间的相关关系是，与神经质因子的相关系数较高，是0．663，与精神质因子的相关系数是0．301，与内外向因子和掩饰性因子的关系是反向关系；UPI总分与SCL90各因子的相关系数介于0．4990．699之间；UPI总分与EPQ神经质因子的相关系数较大，为0．772，与精神质因子的相关系数是0．341；UPI总分与EPQ量表内外向因子和掩饰性因子呈反向关系，相关系数分别是-0.337与-0．328，而SCL90总分与内外向因子和掩饰因子的相关系数分别是-0．314和-0．289，2个量表均说明SCL90总分和UPI总分与内外向和掩饰成反相互关联，即内外向因子和掩饰因子越高，心理问题检出严重情况就越低；鉴别抑郁状态与SCL90各因子的相关系数介于0．434～0．690之间；鉴别精神分裂症与SCL90各因子的相关系数介于0.424～0．635之间；鉴别神经症与SCL90各因子的相关系数介于0．322～0．550之间。本次调查从3个量表的18个条目中抽取3个因子，分别代表不同的变量特征。结论心理调查的结果与所采用的心理测量量表有关，不同的量表会有不同的结果。在分析大学生的心理调查报告时，除报告结果外，还应说明使用的心理测量量表的种类。对不同的调查结果进行比较时，应考虑使用的量表是否相同，并应考虑量表之间的关系。

癫痫患者发作间歇期人格的改变及Logistic回归分析

目的研究癫痫患者发作间歇期人格改变的特点,并对相关的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。方法选取2013-07—2014-12郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科和神经外科收治的95例癫痫患者,均行脑电图、头CT或MRI等检查,90例健康对照患者来自于我院工作人员及志愿者。采用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)成人版对发作间歇期的癫痫患者和健康对照组进行人格评价,通过计算机后处理软件获得精神质(psychoticism,P)、内-外向(extra-introversion,E)、神经质(neurotisim,N)、掩饰度(lie,L)评分,采用单因素分析人格改变的相关因素,将单因素分析有意义的影响因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果艾森克人格评分显示,癫痫组患者的精神质、神经质评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),癫痫组患者的内-外向评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),2组患者的掩饰度评分结果无显著性差异(P>0.05);单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、病程、受教育程度的癫痫患者,其精神质、内-外向、神经质、掩饰度评分有显著性差异(P<0.05),而不同性别、发作类型、癫痫持续发作状态史及不同类型抗癫痫药物使用的患者4个维度的评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,精神质评分与病程独立相关(P<0.05);内-外向评分与受教育程度独立相关(P<0.05)。结论癫痫患者在发作间歇期存在人格改变,主要特点为内-外向评分降低,精神质和神经质评分增加。受教育程度是癫痫患者内-外向人格的独立危险因素,病程是癫痫患者精神质人格的独立危险因素。

西安市小学生SARS心理状态分析

目的了解SARS对西安市小学生的心理影响,为传染病暴发期心理干预提供理论依据。方法对西安市所属的未央区、莲湖区、新城区、碑林区、雁塔区、霸桥区、高新区七个区采用分层整群随机抽样方法各抽取一个学校,每个学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班(未央区所抽取学校仅存有一个班,故除外),共发放问卷2 000份进行调查。结果心理症状因子均分为:神经衰弱1.92±0.74、强迫-焦虑1.75±0.64、恐惧2.23±0.70、疑病2.01±0.92、抑郁1.65±0.70、消极1.76±0.94;大多因子无性别(抑郁除外)、年级间(抑郁、消极除外)差异。心理症状因子中度以上的发生率平均为11.12%,其中恐惧的检出率最高(16.14%)。性格外向者(E>56.7)的神经衰弱、疑病因子中度以上者发生率明显低于E≤56.7分者(P<0.01);情绪不稳定者中度以上的心理症状发生率明显高(P<0.01)。结论SARS对小学生的心理影响与个性特点有关,与性别、年龄无关。对于情绪不稳定者,要特别注意心理沟通和诱导,将SARS干扰降至最低。

SARS流行期医科大学学生EPQ调查

目的 探讨面对突发医学事件 ,医科大学学生的个性变化 ,为医学生的思想教育、管理及教学提供心理学的依据。方法 在 SARS流行期间 ,我们采用艾森克个性问卷 EPQ对某医科大学 5个年级 5 0 0名学生进行了问卷调查 ,应用 SPSS软件进行分析。结果 1医科大学学生 SARS期间情绪稳定、性格外向、倔强 ,讲求实际 ,同时纯朴、诚实。 2男同学比女同学倔强、讲求实际、固执 ,女同学比男同学更易于掩饰自己。 3来源于城市的同学和来源于农村的同学比较 ,来源于城市的同学更倔强、更讲求实际、更固执 ,来源于农村的同学相对更易于掩饰自己。结论 应针对医科大学学生的个性特征及其特定的文化背景 ,加强心理卫生健康教育。

THE INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF THE PUPILS（9～12YEARS OF AGE）OF XI＇AN CITY

pupils aged 9～12 years from six primary schools were cross-sectionally investigated on the psychological disorders with Conner Scale and EPQ. The results showed that the incidence of psychological disorders was 18. 2%,with 21. 3% in male and 15. 5% in female. The incidehees were significantly difrerent between male and remal (P<0. 05). The incidences or learning difficulty,hyperactivity and impulsive behavior were 8. 2%, 5. 3%,and 5.3% respectively.The family factors influencing the psychological disorders were the pupils'birth problems,the relationship between the pupils and their parents, and the parents'inappropriate prospect for the pupils.The investigation also found that the pupils with psychological disorders had more poor experiences or their family and school and more of them had obvious personality tendencies towards unstability or emotion,eccentricity and social immaturity as compared with the normal pupils. The effective measures to promote pupils'psychological health were suggested in this article.

基于ELIS模型的小学生日常生活信息查寻行为实证研究

[目的/意义]旨在为基于儿童信息素养教育的信息服务系统设计提供参考。[方法/过程]采用关键事件访谈法和艾森克儿童人格测试量表收集数据,基于ELIS模型分析了小学生的日常信息需求、信息查寻渠道、查询过程及其影响因素等,剖析了人格特征对小学生查询行为的影响。[结果/结论]小学生日常生活信息查寻行为呈现偏好独立查寻、偏好手机查寻渠道等特征;人格特征影响着小学生日常生活信息查寻行为的主动性和系统性,体现在查寻态度、查寻方式和查寻渠道等各方面。

A Simultaneous Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Egyptian Patients: Dietary, Psychiatric, Microbiologic and Autonomic Aspects

Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common medical disorder that may be severe enough to impair the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the role of each of dietary, psychiatric, autonomic, and microbiology background and their interactions in Egyptian patients with IBS. Patients and Methods: Forty adult patients diagnosed with IBS, equally divided into 2 groups the diarrhea predominant and the constipation predominant, were recruited from the Endoscopy Unit. Dietary assessment was done by monthly food frequency questionnaire. Psychiatric assessment was done by both the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90). Microbiologic evaluation was done by faecal cultures and neurophysiologic autonomic evaluation was done via the sympathetic skin response and the parasympathetic R-R interval variation. Another 20 healthy subjects were included as control group. Results: All IBS patients were young, with significant female predominance (P = 0.007), particularly in IBS-C group (20/20;100%, P = 0.003). Psychologically, abnormal scores of neuroticism, extraversion and criminality, and depression, obsessive compulsion, somatization, sensitivity and anxiety in both IBS groups with particularly extraversion, criminality and depression were significantly higher in constipation subtype. Microbiologically, Bacteroids were significantly related to IBS, while Klebsiella was significantly deficient without significant difference between its groups. On the contrary, neither diet nor autonomic activity showed any significant relation. Conclusions: IBS is a disorder induced by many factors and affected by several interacting agents, thus revealing controversial results when studied simultaneously.

基于SVM的高层住宅人员应急逃生行为模型

为掌握人员人格类型与高层建筑人员应急逃生行为选择的相关度,以人员逃生时影响行为的人格类型为研究对象,针对西安市某高层建筑发生突发事件的逃生人员设计发放并收回有效问卷125份。以艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)为数据调查基础,建立支持向量机逃生模型对其进行定性和定量分析,得出高层建筑人员应急逃生的预测行为选择,正确率在88%以上,说明EPQ人格类型与高层住宅人员逃生行为类型有较强相关性,且模型可用于其他高层住宅人员逃生行为选择的预测。

无牙颌患者人格特征对面部美学满意度的影响

目的探讨人格特征在无牙颌患者自我面部美学评价中的作用,为提升患者全口义齿修复后的美学满意度提供借鉴。方法随机选取行全口义齿修复治疗的无牙颌患者22例,在治疗前,艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)N量表被用于评估患者的情绪稳定性。在治疗前和治疗后3个月,面部美学评分问卷和三维摄影测量系统(3dMD)被分别应用于评估患者对面部外观的满意度及颌面软组织的变化。此外,利用N量表评分、面部美学测量指标和面部美学评分,建立多重线性回归模型。结果治疗后,患者面中部与面下部的比例与面型正常人群的差值缩小了(3.85±2.63)%,鼻唇角与正常人群的差值缩小了(6.66±5.39)°。多重线性回归模型结果显示:N量表评分及治疗前后面部比例与正常面型差值的变化值均可影响患者正面美学满意度,而N量表评分及鼻唇角与正常面型差值的变化值均可影响患者侧面美学满意度。纳入模型的两个自变量(N量表评分和颌面软组织变化)对于正面和侧面美学满意度的影响均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。其中,N量表评分增加时,患者正面和侧面美学满意度均下降(B<0)。结论人格特征可影响无牙颌患者面部美学满意度,故在全口义齿修复治疗中应为不同人格的患者制定合理的诊疗方案,从而达到提高患者面部美学满意度的目标。

Needle Sensation and Personality Factors Influence Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture for Treating Bell＇s Palsy： A Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background： It has not been solved what kind of needle sensation might influence outcomes of acupuncture treatment. Effects of personality factors on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture have not been investigated. This study aimed to find the effects of the traits of personality on the objective outcome when different acupuncture techniques were used in treating patients with Bell＇s palsy. Methods： We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for Bell＇s palsy. Patients were randomly assigned to the de qi and control groups, respectively. The primary outcome was facial nerve function at month 6. The intensity of each needle sensation was rated by a visual analog scale. Psychosocial thctors were assessed by the pretreatment mediator questionnaire： 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire （16PF） was used tbr assessing personality factors and digit cancellation test for assessing attention. Results： After 6 months, patients in the de qi group had better facial function （adjusted odds ratio [OR]： 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 2.23-7.78）. Path analysis showed that intensity of needle sensation of fullness had direct effect on House-Brackmann （HB） score at month 6. In de qi group, the low HB score on day I （OR： 0.13, 95% （_7： 0.03-0.45） and the low Social Boldness score （OR： 0.63, 95% CI： 0.41-0.97） in 16PF were associated with better facial function. In control group, low HB score on day 1 （OR： 0.25, 95% CI： 0.13-0.50）, low Vigilance score （OR： 0.66, 95% CI： 0.50-0.88）, and high Tension score （OR： 1.41,95% CI： 1.12 1.77） in 16PF were related to better facial function. Conclusions： The needle sensation of fullness could predict better facial function and personality traits might influence outcomes of acupuncture treatment. Both of them should be considered seriously in acupuncture treatment and research.

医科大学生抑郁情绪与自动思维、人格特征关系的研究

目的探讨自动思维、人格特征与医科大学生抑郁情绪之间的关系。方法采用抑郁自评量表、自动思维问卷、艾森克人格问卷对1440名医科大学生进行测量。结果①27.5%医科大学生存在着不同程度的抑郁情绪。②抑郁组自动思维、N、P维度得分均显著高于非抑郁组,E、L维度得分显著低于非抑郁组(P<0.01);不同性格特征个体的抑郁、自动思维存在着显著性差异(P<0.01)。③抑郁与自动思维、N、P呈显著正相关,多元回归分析显示,自动思维、N维度对抑郁的预测力为20.4%。结论负性自动思维、神经质的人格特征在应激事件和抑郁之间起着重要的中介作用。内向情绪不稳定型人格特征是导致大学生抑郁情绪的易感人格。

功能性消化不良共病抑郁症患者的人格特点

目的:探讨伴抑郁症的功能性消化不良(FD)患者的人格特点及可能的相关因素。方法:本研究为横断面研究。在北京协和医院消化内科和心理医学科门诊经双向转诊完成临床诊断,共纳入126人,分为三组:FD组为符合罗马III FD标准,不符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)抑郁症标准的患者(n=43);抑郁症组为符合DSM-IV抑郁症标准,不符合罗马III FD标准的患者(n=35);FD伴抑郁症组为同时符合以上FD和抑郁症诊断标准的患者(n=48)。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、汉密顿抑郁量表-17项(HAMD-17)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和蒙哥马利抑郁量表(MADRS)分别评估患者的人格特征和抑郁焦虑水平。结果:FD伴抑郁症组的EPQ精神质[(48.7±7.9)vs.(43.6±8.1)]和神经质[(64.3±9.6)vs.(56.9±13.4)]得分高于FD组(P<0.01),外向性得分低于FD者[(47.1±11.3)vs.(54.0±14.2),P<0.05]。FD患者的HAMD-17、HAMA和MADRS总分与EPQ精神质和神经质得分呈正相关(r=0.25~0.62,均P<0.05),与外向性程度呈负相关(r=-0.407^-0.431,均P<0.05)。结论:功能性消化不良共病抑郁症的患者可能存在较明显的精神质、内向性和神经质人格特点。

302名医学生创造力及个性特征分析

目的了解医学生的创造力,探讨应用两种人格问卷研究人格特征的方法。方法采用卡特尔人格问卷(16PF)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)对310名医学生进行测试。结果男女学生相比,内向-外向、懦弱-果断2个二级因素有显著差异性(P<0.01),创新能力男女无差异。卡特尔4个二级因素均与创新力相关(P<0.01)。此外,男生没有高分点的计数和没有低分点的计数均多于女生。艾森克内外向分量表得分非典型组与典型组,其卡特尔非正常范围得分点的计数具显著性差异。结论医学生创造力不高,医学教育应注重学生创新能力的培养;女生较男生更具有外向的个性特征,她们在16种基本人格因素上的得分容易超出正常范围,因此女生应作为群体心理健康教育的主要对象;两种人格问卷的结合应用提示卡特尔人格问卷中有5个及以上非正常分数点的学生可考虑具有典型的内外向人格,对其可进行个别心理辅导。

性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响

通过对200位汽车驾驶者进行问卷调查,研究驾驶员的性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响.人格特质和驾驶行为分别通过简版艾森克人格问卷和曼彻斯特驾驶行为问卷测量.对驾驶行为数据进行探索性因子分析,得到4个驾驶行为因子,分别为无经验错误与违法、疏忽失误、情绪性违法和风险违法行为.方差分析结果显示,年龄对风险驾驶行为没有显著影响;除女性比男性更倾向于发生疏忽行为外,男女之间驾驶行为差异不大.精神质、神经质与风险驾驶行为之间体现出显著性正相关关系,掩饰性性格与风险驾驶行为存在显著性负相关关系,外向型性格与风险驾驶行为无显著性关系.

偏头痛与个性

40例门诊偏头痛患者进行了艾森克人格测试,结果表明,偏头痛患者以中间型个性居多为62.5%,外向型30%,内向型7.5%,性格组成与正常对照组有明显差异。头痛组男性以“精神病质”量表分较高,而女性患者则以“情绪不稳定”较为突出,提示偏头痛的发生与个性有关。

童年创伤和虐待与成年精神障碍

目的:探索童年期创伤和虐待经历与成年精神障碍的关系。方法:采用自评童年虐待和创伤量表(CAT)和EPQ问卷,随机选择34位心理科门诊和住院病人为样本组和37位正常人为对照组施测,其中37人在两周后进行CAT重测。结果:EPQ的P维度与CAT总分及各分量表均显著相关(P<0.01),N维度与除性虐待外的其它分量表显著相关(P<0.05),E维度与CAT总分及负面环境、情感虐待呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。病人组在CAT总分和负面环境分上均显著高于正常组(P<0.05)。结论:童年期虐待和创伤经历与成年期罹患精神疾病密切相关,与成年后的人格发展也密切相关。

中学生艾森克个性问卷调查及影响因素研究

[目的]了解西安部分地区不同性别、不同民族儿童个性状况及影响因素,为能使儿童形成良好的个性提供科学依据。[方法]通过对1083名回、汉两族中学生的个性分析,由学生在群体测试中自填艾森克个性问卷(EPQ问卷),对量表维度进行统计学检验。[结果](1)回、汉族中学生在P维度上得分差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但在E、N、L维度上得分差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05或﹤0.01)。两族学生在E分及N分的分布方面差异均无统计学意义,但在L分分布上有差异性,回族学生的L高分远多于汉族学生(P﹤0.05)。(2)男、女中学生在P维度上得分差异无统计学意义,但在E维度得分上差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),男生远大于女生。N分分布方面,女生总体水平高于男生,差异非常显著。男女生在L分的总体分布水平差异无统计学意义。[结论]不同民族、不同性别中学生个性有一定的差异性,应引起心理卫生教育工作者的重视。