A landslide monitoring method using data from unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanning with insufficient and inaccurate ground control points

Non-contact remote sensing techniques,such as terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry,have been globally applied for landslide monitoring in high and steep mountainous areas.These techniques acquire terrain data and enable ground deformation monitoring.However,practical application of these technologies still faces many difficulties due to complex terrain,limited access and dense vegetation.For instance,monitoring high and steep slopes can obstruct the TLS sightline,and the accuracy of the UAV model may be compromised by absence of ground control points(GCPs).This paper proposes a TLS-and UAV-based method for monitoring landslide deformation in high mountain valleys using traditional real-time kinematics(RTK)-based control points(RCPs),low-precision TLS-based control points(TCPs)and assumed control points(ACPs)to achieve high-precision surface deformation analysis under obstructed vision and impassable conditions.The effects of GCP accuracy,GCP quantity and automatic tie point(ATP)quantity on the accuracy of UAV modeling and surface deformation analysis were comprehensively analyzed.The results show that,the proposed method allows for the monitoring accuracy of landslides to exceed the accuracy of the GCPs themselves by adding additional low-accuracy GCPs.The proposed method was implemented for monitoring the Xinhua landslide in Baoxing County,China,and was validated against data from multiple sources.

Data Fusion and Sensors Model

In this paper, we take the model of Laser range finder based on synchronized scanner as example, show how to use data fusion method in the process of sensor model designing to get more robust output. Also we provide our idea on the relation of sensor model, data fusion and system structure, and in the paper, there is a solution that transform the parameter space to get linear model for Kalman filter.

Modeling seasonal variations of ocean and sea ice circulation in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas:A model-data fusion study

A 3.8-kin Coupled Ice-Ocean Model （C1OM） was implemented to successfully reproduce many observed phenomena in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, including the Bering-inflow-originated coastal current that splits into three branches： Alaska Coastal Water （ACW） , Central Channel, and Herald Valley branches. Other modeled phenomena include the Beaufort Slope Current （BSC） , the Beaufort Gyre, the East Siberian Current （ ESC）, mesoscale eddies, seasonal landfast ice, sea ice ridging, shear, and deformation. Many of these downscaling processes can only be captured by using a high-resolution CIOM, nested in a global climate model. The seasonal cycles for sea ice concentration, thickness, velocity, and other variables are well reproduced with Solid validation by satellite measurements. The seasonal cycles for upper ocean dynamics and thermodynamics are also well reproduced, which include the formation of the cold saline layer due to the injection of salt during sea ice formation, the BSC, and the subsurface upwelling in winter that brings up warm, even more saline Atlantic Water along the shelfbreak and shelf along the Beaufort coast.

IoT Information Status Using Data Fusion and Feature Extraction Method

The Internet of Things(IoT)role is instrumental in the technological advancement of the healthcare industry.Both the hardware and the core level of software platforms are the progress resulted from the accompaniment of Medicine 4.0.Healthcare IoT systems are the emergence of this foresight.The communication systems between the sensing nodes and the processors;and the processing algorithms to produce output obtained from the data collected by the sensors are the major empowering technologies.At present,many new technologies supplement these empowering technologies.So,in this research work,a practical feature extraction and classification technique is suggested for handling data acquisition besides data fusion to enhance treatment-related data.In the initial stage,IoT devices are gathered and pre-processed for fusion processing.Dynamic Bayesian Network is considered an improved balance for tractability,a tool for CDF operations.Improved Principal Component Analysis is deployed for feature extraction along with dimension reduction.Lastly,this data learning is attained through Hybrid Learning Classifier Model for data fusion performance examination.In this research,Deep Belief Neural Network and Support VectorMachine are hybridized for healthcare data prediction.Thus,the suggested system is probably a beneficial decision support tool for multiple data sources prediction and predictive ability enhancement.

Threat Modeling and Application Research Based on Multi-Source Attack and Defense Knowledge

Cyber Threat Intelligence(CTI)is a valuable resource for cybersecurity defense,but it also poses challenges due to its multi-source and heterogeneous nature.Security personnel may be unable to use CTI effectively to understand the condition and trend of a cyberattack and respond promptly.To address these challenges,we propose a novel approach that consists of three steps.First,we construct the attack and defense analysis of the cybersecurity ontology(ADACO)model by integrating multiple cybersecurity databases.Second,we develop the threat evolution prediction algorithm(TEPA),which can automatically detect threats at device nodes,correlate and map multisource threat information,and dynamically infer the threat evolution process.TEPA leverages knowledge graphs to represent comprehensive threat scenarios and achieves better performance in simulated experiments by combining structural and textual features of entities.Third,we design the intelligent defense decision algorithm(IDDA),which can provide intelligent recommendations for security personnel regarding the most suitable defense techniques.IDDA outperforms the baseline methods in the comparative experiment.

Application Research on Two-Layer Threat Prediction Model Based on Event Graph

Advanced Persistent Threat(APT)is now the most common network assault.However,the existing threat analysis models cannot simultaneously predict the macro-development trend and micro-propagation path of APT attacks.They cannot provide rapid and accurate early warning and decision responses to the present system state because they are inadequate at deducing the risk evolution rules of network threats.To address the above problems,firstly,this paper constructs the multi-source threat element analysis ontology(MTEAO)by integrating multi-source network security knowledge bases.Subsequently,based on MTEAO,we propose a two-layer threat prediction model(TL-TPM)that combines the knowledge graph and the event graph.The macro-layer of TL-TPM is based on the knowledge graph to derive the propagation path of threats among devices and to correlate threat elements for threat warning and decision-making;The micro-layer ingeniously maps the attack graph onto the event graph and derives the evolution path of attack techniques based on the event graph to improve the explainability of the evolution of threat events.The experiment’s results demonstrate that TL-TPM can completely depict the threat development trend,and the early warning results are more precise and scientific,offering knowledge and guidance for active defense.

支撑新型配电网数字化规划的图形⁃模型⁃数据融合关键技术

配电网规划领域期盼实现智能规划,其愿景在于实现无人或少人干预的全自动规划。在数字化转型的背景下,新型配电网规划将面临图形多样化、场景碎片化、数据规模化三大挑战。文中从图形-模型-数据融合的角度提出三大关键技术:基于电气图纸识别和拓扑智能分析的图形-模型融合技术、基于知识驱动的负荷/新能源推演分析和智能决策的模型-数据融合技术、基于多模态数据融合和多时空数据联动的图形-数据融合技术,尝试打破理论研究与数字化工程的壁垒。最后,对未来新型配电网数字化规划的发展进行思考和展望,为实现“以机为主,人机协同”的大闭环模式提供借鉴。

SeisGuard: A Software Platform to Establish Automatically an Earthquake Forecasting Model

SeisGuard, a system for analyzing earthquake precursory data, is a software platform to search for earthquake precursory information by processing geophysical data from different sources to establish automatically an earthquake forecasting model. The main function of this system is to analyze and process the deformation, fluid, electromagnetic and other geophysical field observing data from ground-based observation, as well as space-based observation. Combined station and earthquake distributions, geological structure and other information, this system can provide a basic software platform for earthquake forecasting research based on spatiotemporal fusion. The hierarchical station tree for data sifting and the interaction mode have been innovatively developed in this SeisGuard system to improve users’ working efficiency. The data storage framework designed according to the characteristics of different time series can unify the interfaces of different data sources, provide the support of data flow, simplify the management and usage of data, and provide foundation for analysis of big data. The final aim of this development is to establish an effective earthquake forecasting model combined all available information from ground-based observations to space-based observations.

面向水库型小流域的多源水利三维建模方法研究

针对大型河道三维可视化建模中采用激光雷达、声呐等传感器获取水下地形建模方式操作复杂且成本较高的缺陷,在利用基础测绘成果构建实景地形模型的基础上,采用多源三维模型融合方法对月塘水库小流域进行实景建模。首先采用倾斜摄影三维建模技术对重点水利工程进行实景建模,并利用专业建模软件对重要控制单元进行构件级建模;然后利用已有河道断面数据结合河流面状矢量数据,实现流域内胥浦河河道实景三维建模;最后通过人机交互方式对多源实景模型进行微调与相互印证,实现月塘水库小流域多源三维模型精准融合构建。研究成果可为河道型水库的预报调度与洪水风险分析提供可视化模型基础与决策支撑。

船用承压结构变形场混合数字孪生监测模型方法实现

[目的]旨在为实现船舶的全生命健康监测设计一种面向结构健康监测的混合数字孪生系统。可实时采集及反馈关键舱室结构的变形,从而提升航运的信息化和安全管理能力。[方法]首先,采用奇异值分解法对多组载荷形成的物理场信息进行数据压缩降维得到特定的标准正交基,创建基向量与载荷关系的响应面模型,输出基于实时输入载荷的有限元降阶模型。其次,采用基于地统计学的克里金插值算法,按照特定拓扑结构布点,将实时的传感器数据和降阶模型输出的补充点位数据经由卡尔曼滤波算法进行融合修正,共同计算监测对象的变形情况。最后,通过构建变形监测软硬件系统,实现监测物理特性的采集到可视化的全过程。[结果]该系统在预设的载荷下,硬件采集系统能够稳定进行数据采集,配套的应用程序能够按照预期的要求进行实时可视化采集。[结论]该结构健康混合数字孪生系统满足船舶的健康监测需求,对未来船舶的高度一体化、智能化发展具有一定的参考意义。

融合内外部特征水印的模型保护方案

针对经典模型水印技术在保护模型所有权过程中存在鲁棒性差、提取率低等问题,融合白、黑盒水印优势,提出了一种特征嵌入的模型保护方案。按照香农熵大小进行数据集样本划分的策略,将数据集样本划分为良性样本、风格迁移样本、关键密钥样本;利用风格迁移样本集对模型嵌入外部特征,将关键密钥样本标签嵌入模型内部特征;通过训练二元分类器并利用掩码梯度下降方法修改极少量参数让模型产生特定输出来综合判断模型是否被窃取。实验结果表明,所提方案用较小开销保证了水印的高保真度,在标签查询、知识蒸馏等攻击下仍具有较高稳定性,且能规避恶意检测风险。

数字孪生在制造业中实现的关键技术及典型应用综述

数字孪生技术是实现智能制造和工业数字化转型的关键技术,受到学术界和产业界的广泛关注和研究。近十年来,随着数据采集技术、计算机性能和相关智能算法的迅速发展,数字孪生技术的研究及应用取得了巨大进展。针对数字孪生技术应用领域的多样性和对象层级的复杂性,本文回顾了数字孪生基本概念和模型的发展历程,综述了数字孪生技术在制造业应用的关键技术及其发展成果。在此基础上,阐述了数字孪生技术在制造业三个层级的应用现状以及数字孪生赋能智能制造的新范式。最后,展望了制造业数字孪生技术未来发展趋势,为后续研究提供参考。

基于观测与预报数据融合的森林火险预报

针对气象因子日变化波动大容易引起森林火险气象等级预报变动大这一问题,参考布龙-戴维斯方案森林火险气象预报模型的构建思路,利用2016—2020年广西1785个森林火灾样本和气象观测数据,建立森林火险气象指数模型(简称“模型”)。将气象观测数据输入模型,计算出每日森林火险气象监测指数,同时,将智能网格预报数据输入模型,计算出每日森林火险气象预报指数,然后利用加权算法将每日森林火险气象监测指数和每日森林火险气象预报指数进行融合计算,得到森林火险气象融合预报指数。利用2021年6月—2023年6月789个火灾样本,对林火险气象融合预报指数进行验证,结果表明:融合后未来1~7 d森林火险等级预报准确率从82%~56%,较融合前预报准确率提升1%~3%,基本满足目前广西森林火险气象等级预报业务应用。

基于GRACE/GRACE-FO数据降尺度方法反演库尔勒东区地下水储量变化

GRACE与GRACE-FO重力卫星为全球中大尺度地下水反演监测提供了新的手段,但难以提供小尺度上较高空间分辨率的地下水储量变化(GWSA)信息。本文针对新疆库尔勒东部缺资料区,采用动力降尺度方法提高GRACE/GRACE-FO反演GWSA数据的空间分辨率,分析GWSA的时空分布规律。首先,基于数据融合方法构建了库尔勒东区GWSA数值模型;然后,利用优化后的模型将GWSA反演数据的分辨率从1°降尺度至0.25°和0.05°,将反演的GWSA与水井监测的地下水位(GWL)数据进行对比验证;最后,利用0.05°GWSA数据分析研究区GWSA态势。结果表明:①与降尺度前1°GWSA数据相比,降尺度转换后的高分辨率GWSA数据在空间上更加平滑、展示了更加丰富的细节,且提高了与水井GWL监测数据的相关性,改进了反演精度和可靠性;②小尺度上,降尺度后的GWSA数据能够反映水源地地下水的季节性、年际和长期开采下的亏损等动态特征;③研究区GWSA呈现出时空分布差异性,2005—2020年区内地下水储量变化率为-1~1 mm·a-1,总体上呈南增、北减态势,南、北部山区的变幅大于中部相对平坦区域。

基于不同数据源的数字孪生小流域底板模型精度检验

为解决小流域综合治理规划设计中基础地形数据获取困难等问题,基于合成孔径雷达卫星遥感影像、倾斜摄影影像、光探测测距影像等3种主流遥感数据源,分别建立栖龙湾小流域数字孪生底板模型,进而提取主沟道纵断面、2块梯田样地边界、10个林地样区的郁闭度,与人工解译和实测结果对比进行精度检验,结果表明:以光探测测距影像为数据源的提取精度最高,以倾斜摄影影像为数据源的提取精度次之,以孔径雷达卫星遥感影像为数据源的提取精度最低。鉴于3种数据源小流域底板模型各有优缺点,可根据实际工作需要进行多源数据融合,以改善数字孪生技术在小流域综合治理规划设计中的应用效果。在栖龙湾小流域内选择石坎梯田地块进行合成孔径雷达卫星遥感影像与倾斜摄影影像数据融合、选择科普展览馆进行倾斜摄影影像与光探测测距影像数据融合,均取得良好的效果。

数据驱动的机身对接过程仿真技术研究

针对传统机身对接仿真中理论模型偏差较大、有限元模型消耗时间长等问题,开展数据驱动的机身对接过程仿真技术研究。首先通过虚实融合技术,构建六自由度平台运动学模型和机身–调姿平台位姿转换模型,通过数据交互实现仿真数据实时传输从而驱动虚拟模型,利用测量数据和虚拟模型进行了机身对接仿真,确定了对接过程位姿参数,为调姿平台参数修正提供数据基础。之后为提升数据求解效率,根据求解机身变形的有限元模型,计算出变形量并转化成机身位置变化量,将机身姿态角和位置变化量作为输入输出值构建代理模型,并验证方法有效性。最后开发了机身对接过程仿真系统,以机身试验件的对接过程为例,验证了仿真系统的可行性。

基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别方法

识别非驾驶行为是提高驾驶安全性的重要手段之一。目前基于骨架序列和图像的融合识别方法具有计算量大和特征融合困难的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别模型(skeleton-image based behavior recognition network,SIBBR-Net)。SIBBR-Net通过基于多尺度图的图卷积网络和基于局部视觉及注意力机制的卷积神经网络,充分提取运动和外观特征,较好地平衡了模型表征能力和计算量间的关系。基于手部运动的特征双向引导学习策略、自适应特征融合模块和静态特征空间上的辅助损失,使运动和外观特征间互相引导更新并实现自适应融合。最终在Drive&Act数据集进行算法测试,SIBBR-Net在动态标签和静态标签条件下的平均正确率分别为61.78%和80.42%,每秒浮点运算次数为25.92G,较最优方法降低了76.96%。

多源数据融合的高层建筑物三维建模研究

随着无人机的大规模普及,倾斜摄影测量技术应用越来越广泛,但是由于其技术特点,在数据采集过程中受角度、遮蔽等因素的影响,导致三维模型极易出现拉花、扭曲等问题。基于此,探讨了融合机载激光雷达(Light Laser Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)、地面数据采集和倾斜摄影技术的方法,以提高高层建筑物三维建模的精度和细节。机载LiDAR技术通过激光雷达扫描获取点云数据,提供建筑物的几何形状和细节信息,倾斜摄影技术可以提供建筑物纹理信息,与机载LiDAR技术结合可以提高建模的真实感和精度。点面三维激光扫描仪能够有效补充前两项技术的缺失,如补充细节数据。研究融合三种数据源的信息,综合利用它们的优势,为城市规划、建设和管理提供更准确、可靠的数据支持。

数据融合视域下虚拟知识社区知识推荐模型构建

文章采用扎根理论方法分析虚拟知识社区用户需求,构建虚拟知识社区用户知识需求框架,在此基础上提出虚拟知识社区数据融合方法,进而构建基于数据融合的虚拟知识社区知识推荐模型,并从用户画像、情感感知、社交网络3个角度提出虚拟知识社区知识推荐优化路径。

基于多源信息融合的船舶电气设备状态识别方法

为可靠掌握船舶电气设备状态,保证设备的运行安全,提出多源信息融合的船舶电气设备状态识别方法。采用时间序列模型检测并修正船舶电气设备多源历史数据中的连续异常数据和独立异常数据;基于联合卡尔曼滤波算法融合修正后的电气设备多源历史数据,依据融合后的多源数据训练谱聚类和深度神经网络,构建船舶电气设备状态识别网络模型,结合电气设备的实时运行数据,识别船舶电气设备状态。测试结果显示,该方法能够确定数据中的连续异常数据和独立异常数据,并且完成所有异常数据的修正,保证数据的完整性;离散度结果均在0.016以下;能够完成电气设备正常状态、异常状态以及紧急状态的识别,最小均方根误差值均在0.0044以下,识别效果良好。