Automatic Sleep Spindle Detection with EEG Based on Complex Demodulation Method and Decision Tree Model

Sleep spindle is the characteristic waveform of electroencephalogram (EEG) which is important for clinical diagnosis. In this study, an automatic sleep spindle detection method was developed. The EEG signals were recorded based on the standard polysomnogram (PSG) measurement. A preprocessing procedure is introduced to exclude the unnecessary data segments and normalized the necessary data segments. Complex demodulation method is adopted to detect the candidate sleep spindle waveforms and calculate the features. The sleep spindles are recognized based on a decision tree model. Finally, the detected sleep spindles were utilized to amend the sleep stage recognition results. The sleep EEG data from 3 patients with sleep disorders were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the detected sleep spindles in EEG signal improved the accuracy of sleep stage recognition.

Improving the Angular Resolution of Coded-Mask Telescopes by Direct Demodulation

We develop a new procedure to improve the angular resolution of coded-mask telescopes by the Direct Demodulation Method （DDM）. DDM has been applied to both real and simulated data of INTEGRAL/IBIS. The angular resolution of IBIS/ISGRI has been improved from about 13＇ to 2＇.

迟滞和蠕变补偿的F-P滤波器波长解调方法研究

在光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)的波长解调方法中,可调谐法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot,F-P)滤波器解调法使用较多,但F-P滤波器中锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷(Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3,PZT)的迟滞和蠕变使F-P滤波器输出波长随时间非线性变化,带来波长解调误差大、传感检测精度低的问题。本文从研究F-P滤波器中的PZT迟滞和蠕变特性入手,提出了一种基于热标准具与PZT迟滞和蠕变补偿控制的F-P滤波器解调方法。控制PZT的驱动电压随时间非线性改变,使宽带光源经过F-P滤波器输出的波长能随时间等间隔变化,获得了随时间线性变化的标准具透射谱峰值波长,作为波长标尺的"刻度线",为解调传感光栅的波长提供精确的波长基准。利用FBG测温的实验结果表明,本文提出的方法与未进行迟滞和蠕变补偿控制的方法相比,温度测量精度提高约20倍,温度测量误差小于0.5℃。

光纤光栅F-P解调技术及变尺度采样方法

针对武器装备系统的特殊性,提出采用F-P扫描法的光纤光栅解调技术,分析了F-P解调原理,提供了F-P腔的设计、选择方法,指出该方法在实现动态参数检测的困难,为降低电路设计上的难度,采用变尺度采样解决该问题。实验结果表明,该方法能够极大地降低每次F-P扫描时的采样数据量,提高采样数据的效率,可以使解调速度提高5倍以上而对精度没有影响。为光纤光栅传感技术在部队的应用和研究提供条件。

基于DF-PSP的PCMA信号解调算法

针对合作接收的高阶调制PCMA信号,提出一种基于判决反馈逐幸存路径处理(decision feedback per-survivor processing,DF-PSP)的解调算法。该算法包含2次序列估计:第1次采用传统的基于星座图的硬判决解调算法,得到有用信号的预判决序列;第2次采用PSP算法,在序列估计的过程中,将第1次的判决结果作为反馈序列,用于补偿信道截断带来的性能损失。仿真结果表明,DF-PSP算法在减少运算复杂度的同时能够有效地提升解调性能,实现复杂度和性能的良好折中。

基于傅里叶变换的F-P光纤传感器阵列设计

通过傅里叶变换在频域中对光纤F-P传感器的透射光谱进行研究,简化了腔长解调的过程,使得腔长解调变得简单且易于控制。主要从理论上分析了光纤F-P传感器透射光谱的特性和影响因素,对光纤F-P传感器的并联复用和串联复用的傅里叶变换解调方法进行了研究和讨论,同时利用数值模拟仿真研究了光纤F-P传感阵列应变传感的规律。

基于布里渊动态光栅的高灵敏度保偏光纤多参量同时解调

为了实现基于保偏光纤在布里渊动态光栅的温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力同时解调,并克服传统压力传感灵敏度不足的缺点,提出了一种边孔型高灵敏度光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法,研究了温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力与双折射频移、布里渊频移和布里渊线宽之间的关系,据此可实现多参量的同时解调。结果表明,该光子晶体光纤可以实现三参量的同时解调,且解调误差在1 MPa和1℃以内。快轴压力、慢轴压力和温度的误差均值分别为0.21 MPa、0.31 MPa和0.30℃,误差的标准差分别为0.15 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.21℃。在施加0~30 MPa的横向压力和0~100℃的温度时,该光子晶体光纤快轴方向上的压力灵敏度为-1.961 GHz/MPa,光纤慢轴方向上的压力灵敏度为1.356 GHz/MPa,其温度灵敏度为0.105MHz/℃。相较于目前最优结构的光子晶体光纤压力灵敏度提升了-957MHz/MPa。该传感器及解调方法适用于土木结构和大型机械在建造和使用过程中监测其内部所受温度和不同方向压力的变化。

针对光通信系统的调制与解调技术优化研究

文章主要研究和优化光通信系统中的调制与解调技术,系统性地探讨光通信系统的基本架构,基于外调制和相干解调的优化方法,以提高系统的传输效率和信号质量。在调制方面,采用直接调制技术和外调制技术增加调制信号的带宽;在解调方面,应用相干解调技术实现了对光信号的高效检测和解调。利用MATLAB等工具进行实验验证,结果表明所提出的调制与解调优化方法在提升光通信系统性能方面具有潜力与优势。

Analysis of the Tunable Asymmetric Fiber F-P Cavity for Fiber Strain Sensor Edge-Filter Demodulation

An asymmetric fiber （Fabry-Perot, F-P） interferometric cavity with the good linearity and wide dynamic range was successfully designed based on the optical thin film characteristic matrix theory; by adjusting the material of two different thin metallic layers, the asymmetric fiber F-P interferometric cavity was fabricated by depositing the multi-layer thin films on the optical fiber＇s end face. The asymmetric F-P cavity has the extensive potential application. In this paper, the demodulation method for the wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor based on the F-P cavity is demonstrated, and a theoretical formula is obtained. And the experimental results coincide well with the computational results obtained from the theoretical model.

基于PRP共轭梯度法求解代价函数的RSC码参数识别算法

Turbo码是一种常用的信道编码方式,正确识别Turbo码首先要正确识别其子递归系统卷积(recursive system convolutional,RSC)码,由于信道噪声与干扰引发误码,这就要求识别算法具有良好的抗误码性能以及识别能力。利用解调软判决序列,通过编码码元约束方程,构建指数形式的代价函数模型,将识别RSC码的生成矩阵问题转化为求解代价函数全域极值的最优化问题,最后在共轭梯度法的基础上,采用新的PRP步长因子来寻找全域极值点。仿真结果表明,所提算法与现有算法相比,收敛速度更快,在低信噪比下也有良好的识别能力。

Fault diagnosis for gearboxes based on Fourier decomposition method and resonance demodulation

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of gearboxes play an important role in the maintenance of mechanical systems.The vibration signal of gearboxes is characterized by complex spectral structure and strong time variability,which brings challenges to fault feature extraction.To address this issue,a new demodulation technique,based on the Fourier decomposition method and resonance demodulation,is proposed to extract fault-related information.First,the Fourier decomposition method decomposes the vibration signal into Fourier intrinsic band functions(FIBFs)adaptively in the frequency domain.Then,the original signal is segmented into short-time vectors to construct double-row matrices and the maximum singular value ratio method is employed to estimate the resonance frequency.Then,the resonance frequency is used as a criterion to guide the selection of the most relevant FIBF for demodulation analysis.Finally,for the optimal FIBF,envelope demodulation is conducted to identify the fault characteristic frequency.The main contributions are that the proposed method describes how to obtain the resonance frequency effectively and how to select the optimal FIBF after decomposition in order to extract the fault characteristic frequency.Both numerical and experimental studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed method.It is demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively demodulate the fault information from the original signal.

Implementation of the direct demodulation method for natural gamma ray spectral logging

Spectrum analysis of natural gamma ray spectral logging （SGR） data is a critical part of surface informa- tion processing systems. Due to the low resolution, which is an inherent weakness of SGR, and the low signal-to-noise ratio problem of logging measurements, SGR is usually treated with a low confidence level. The Direct Demodulation （DD） method is an advanced technique to solve modulation equations interactively under physical constraints. It has higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than the traditional methods and can effectively suppress the logging noise. Based on standard count rate spectral data obtained from the China Offshore Oil Logging Company SGR Calibration Facility, this paper presents the application of the DD method to gamma-ray logging. The results are compared with four traditional algorithmic methods, showing that the DD method is a credible choice, with higher sensitivity and higher spatial resolution in gamma-ray log interpretation. The Point-Spread-Function of the Shengli Oil Logging Company＇s natural gamma ray spectroscopy instrument is obtained for the first time. The quantities of various radionuclides in their calibration pits are also obtained. The DD method was applied successfully to gamma-ray logging, offering a new option for SGR logging algorithm selection.

Direct demodulation method for heavy atom position determination in protein crystallography

The first step of phasing in any de novo protein structure determination using isomorphous replacement （IR） or anomalous scattering （AD） experiments is to find heavy atom positions. Traditionally, heavy atom positions can be solved by inspecting the difference Patterson maps. Due to the weak signals in isomorphous or anomalous differences and the noisy background in the Patterson map, the search for heavy atoms may become difficult. Here, the direct demodulation （DD） method is applied to the difference Patterson maps to reduce the noisy backgrounds and sharpen the signal peaks. The real space Patterson search by using these optimized maps can locate the heavy atom positions more accurately. It is anticipated that the direct demodulation method can assist in heavy atom position determination and facilitate the de novo structure determination of proteins.

一种采用B样条插值的改进能量算子在电梯电机轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对传统Teager能量解调算子方法对电梯运行系统中存在的强背景噪声较为敏感的不足,提出了一种改进的能量解调算子方法;采用了B样条技术与传统Teager能量算子方法进行结合,其中建立的B样条曲线对信号进行插值起到滤波作用;然后再利用Teager能量算子对滤波信号进行转换;最后利用傅里叶变换得到转换信号的频谱图从而揭示故障特征;所提出的基于B样条插值的能量解调方法不仅保留了传统能量解调算法的优点,如较高的解调精度和优秀的时间分辨率等,并且可以在强噪声背景下提取出微弱轴承故障特征;经实验验证实现了提高强背景噪声下的轴承故障检测的性能,能够在故障退化的早期检测故障,满足了实际工况下故障诊断上的应用。

A Novel Method of Edge Filter Linear Demodulation Using Long Period Grating in Fiber Sensor System

A novel method of linear demodulation based on edge filter is presented. An experimental system is built up in which LPG is used as the edge filter. We achieve linear demodulation with a bandwidth of 5nm.

Demodulation method combining virtual reference interferometry and minimum mean square error for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors

We propose a cavity length demodulation method that combines virtual reference interferometry（VRI） and minimum mean square error（MMSE） algorithm for fiber-optic Fabry–Perot（F-P） sensors. In contrast to the conventional demodulating method that uses fast Fourier transform（FFT） for cavity length estimation,our method employs the VRI technique to obtain a raw cavity length, which is further refined by the MMSE algorithm. As an experimental demonstration, a fiber-optic F-P sensor based on a sapphire wafer is fabricated for temperature sensing. The VRI-MMSE method is employed to interrogate cavity lengths of the sensor under different temperatures ranging from 28°C to 1000°C. It eliminates the ＂mode jumping＂ problem in the FFT-MMSE method and obtains a precision of 4.8 nm, corresponding to a temperature resolution of 2.0°C over a range of 1000°C. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method provides a promising, high precision alternative for demodulating fiber-optic F-P sensors.

基于包络解调分析法的数控车床镗孔振纹分析与改进

针对数控车床镗孔表面振纹问题,文章采用由简至繁的原则,初步确定振纹故障来源,并利用卡盘浮动支撑工装来间接提高主轴刚性和缓解刀纹的深度,排除加工振纹与主轴关联;利用包络解调分析法,通过LC-810型振动信号采集分析仪对主轴前端和后端振动信号进行采集,均值分别在22.37 Hz、45.94 Hz;与NN3048和NU1038轴承故障特征频率22.127 Hz、44.792 Hz相近。通过轴承拆卸和镗孔实验,验证了包络解调分析法在轴承故障辨识的有效性。实验结果表明:NN3048轴承滚动体和NU1038轴承外环磨损是导致切削振纹的故障源,理论方法故障辨识结果与拆卸实验辨识结果一致。

光纤光栅传感信号解调技术研究进展

光纤光栅传感器是一种新型传感器,有着非常广泛的应用前景。限制光纤光栅传感器大量实际应用的主要障碍是传感信号解调,因而,光纤光栅传感信号解调是光纤光栅传感器应用的关键技术之一。本文对现有已报道的光纤光栅传感信号的解调方法进行综述,并归类为:边缘滤波法、匹配滤波法、可调谐滤波法、光源波长可调谐扫描法、射频探测法、光栅啁啾法、CCD分光仪法、干涉法。对各种方法的原理及相关改进方法进行了阐述,并对其优缺点做了比较分析,最后,对光纤光栅传感信号的解调技术发展进行了展望。

基于S变换的平方检测法测量电压闪变

为实现电压闪变的准确测量,提出了基于S变换的平方检测法电压闪变测量算法。介绍了S变换的基本原理,简化了平方检测法电压闪变的计算过程,给出了基于S变换的平方检测法闪变测量流程。应用S变换对电压闪变信号进行时频分析,由S变换的频域特性曲线求频谱计算闪变值,由S变换的高频频谱幅值和曲线得到电压闪变的起始、结束时刻,仿真结果证明算法的可行性与准确性。在此基础上研制基于虚拟仪器技术的电压闪变测量仪,给出了仪器的构成与主前面板。运行结果表明,仪器操作方便,测量可靠。

基于滤波法的光纤光栅传感解调方案

FBG传感器对应变和温度的敏感体现在其反射光中心波长的变化上,因此如何测量波长的变化就成为FBG传感器的关键。在光纤光栅的多种解调方法中,因滤波法的测量器件制作简单,测量系统简易、方便直观而被广泛应用。主要介绍了8种基于滤波法的解调方法,对它们各自的成本、检测精度、测量范围、器件制作以及适用的环境进行了详细的比较,分析了它们的优缺点,以便于在不同的检测条件下选用最佳的解调方案。重点介绍了光学小波滤波解调法,探讨了其测量系统的原理,并指出该方法可用于微弱信号的检测与处理。