A Priority-aware Frequency Domain Polling MAC Protocol for OFDMA-based Networks in Cyber-physical Systems

Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliability constraints. One of the fundamental considerations for enabling CPS networks is the medium access control protocol. To this end, this paper proposes a novel priority-aware frequency domain polling medium access control (MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer to achieve instantaneous priority-aware polling. Based on the polling result, the proposed work then optimizes the resource allocation of the OFDMA network to further improve the data reliability. Due to the non-polynomial-complete nature of the OFDMA resource allocation, we propose two heuristic rules, based on which an efficient solution algorithm to the OFDMA resource allocation problem is designed. Simulation results show that the reliability performance of CPS networks is significantly improved because of this work. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Risers Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Loading

A dynamic response analysis in the frequency domain is presented for risers subjected to combined wave and current loading. Considering the effects of current, a modified wave spectrum is adopted to compute the linearized drag force. An additional drag force convolution term is added to the linearized drag force spectrum, therefore the error is reduced which arises from the truncation of higher order terms in the drag force auto-correlation function. An expression of linearized drag force spectrum is given taking the relative velocity into account. It is found that the additional term is a fold convolution integral. In this paper dynamic responses of risers are investigated, while the influence of floater motion on risers is considered. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the present method reaches the degree required in time domain analysis.

Implementation of Time-Scale Transformation Based on Continuous Wavelet Theory

The basic objective of time-scale transformation is to compress or expand the signal in time field while keeping the same spectral properties. This paper presents two methods to derive time-scale transformation formula based on continuous wavelet transform. For an arbitrary given square-integrable function f(t),g(t) = f(t/λ) is derived by continuous wavelet transform and its inverse transform. The result shows that time-scale transformation may be obtained through the modification of the time-scale of wavelet function filter using equivalent substitution. The paper demonstrates the result by theoretic derivations and experimental simulation.

State of the Art Vibration Analysis of Electrical Rotating Machines

Electrical machines are precarious mechanisms in manufacturing practices. A motor failure may yield an unexpected interruption at the industrial plant, with consequences in costs, product quality, and security. To govern the conditions of each part of motor, various testing and monitoring methods have been developed. In this paper, a review on effective fault indicators and vibration based condition monitoring approaches of rotating electrical machines has been accomplished. The determination of the review is to progress the understanding of vibration based analysis, and its use in the Machine Health Monitoring. A variety of analysis was identified to highlight the concept of predictive maintenance in industries. The techniques of vibration analysis were investigated to detect both healthy and fault related signals of rotating machineries.

THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON HYDRODYNAMICS OF A GEOMETRIC SPAR IN FREQUENCY-AND TIME-DOMAINS

Considering the coupling effects of the vessel and its riser and mooring system, hydrodynamic analyses of a geometric spar were performed both in frequency- and time-domains. Based on the boundary element method, the 3-D panel model of the geometric spar and the related free water surface model were established, and the first-order and second-order difference-frequency wave loads and other hydrodynamic coefficients were calculated. Frequency domain analysis of the motion Response Amplitude Operators （RAO） and Quadratic Transfer Functions （QTF） and time domain analysis of the response series and spectra in an extreme wave condition were conducted for the coupled system with the mooring lines and risers involved. These analyses were further validated by the physical model test results.

Finite difference time domain analysis of two-dimensional surface acoustic wave piezoelectric phononic crystals at radio frequency

The finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method is proposed for analyzing the surface acoustic wave （SAW） propagation in two-dimensional （2D） piezoelectric phononic crystals （PCs） at radio frequency （RF）, and also experiments are established to demonstrate its analysis result of the PCs＇ band gaps. The FDTD method takes the piezoelectric effect of PCs into account, in which periodic boundary conditions are used to decrease memory/time consumption and the perfectly matched layer boundary conditions are adopted as the SAW absorbers to attenuate artificial reflections. Two SAW delay lines are established with/without piezoelectric PCs located between interdigital transducers. By removing several echoes with window gating function in time domain, delay lines transmission function is achieved. The PCs＇ transmission functions and band gaps are obtained by comparing them in these two delay lines. When Aluminum/128°YX-LiNbO3 is adopted as scatter and substrate material, the PCs＇ band gap is calculated by this FDTD method and COMSOL respectively. Results show that computational results of FDTD agree well with experimental results and are better than that of COMSOL.

一种基于短时FFT的宽带数字侦察接收机设计

传统的数字侦察接收机将截获数据在时域和频域之间多次转换,分别进行检测和参数测量,这样增加了系统的复杂性。本文提出了一种基于短时FFT的宽带数字雷达侦察系统设计方法,检测和时频域参数测量全部基于频域数据进行。为改善时域频域参数测量精度,必须采用一定的改进算法,本文提出了一种针对短时FFT结果的脉冲到达时间提取方法。基于该设计方法利用FPGA和DSP器件实现了一个瞬时带宽为250MHz的原理样机,改进后的时频域测量精度较初始精度提高10倍以上,说明本设计方法切实可行,同时具有很高的推广应用价值。

基于FFT与DFT相结合的频域分析方法及其应用

提出一种基于FFT与DFT相结合的频域分析方法,对采集到的汽车振动信号进行分析,从而提取发动机的转速信息。实车测试验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。最后基于发动机转速的高阶频率,对所提取的发动机转速进行修正,取得了很好的效果。

基于FFT-FS频谱细化技术的船模耐波性试验测量信号分析方法研究

针对FFT频率分辨率受限制且精度不高的缺点以及船模对波浪的运动响应频率是低频且窄带的特点,采用FFT-FS方法对测量的运动响应信号在其对应的窄带频段内进行频谱细化获得更细致准确的信号频域特征;通过对该算法的运算量及分析精度的研究表明该算法是一种运算效率高、分析精度高且受信号本身信噪比影响小的频域分析方法;通过对船模运动响应的仿真信号和实测信号的分析表明该算法确实能有效地用于船模耐波性试验测量数据的定量分析。

移动随机荷载作用下梁桥非平稳随机振动的PEM-FFT方法

针对移动随机载荷作用下桥梁结构非平稳随机振动问题,建立了一种基于频域分析的虚拟激励-傅里叶变换方法(PEM-FFT)。与通常的非平稳随机振动的时频分析方法不同,提出的方法完全在频域上执行。其主要特色是能够给出随机输入与随机输出的频域关系,表明移动载荷作用下结构非平稳随机振动分析仅需对载荷的确定性移动函数项进行计算。数值算例考虑了等截面/变截面简支梁受移动随机载荷作用的问题,首先与通常的时频分析方法进行对比,验证了PEM-FFT方法的正确性和有效性,进一步讨论了不同结构形式以及不同载荷移动速度对响应演变统计量的影响。

应用FFT实现自动微波时域测量

讨论了在频域自动测试系统中,应用FFT实现自动时域测量的原理和方法,采用了富里叶变换的奇偶特性,使得时域测量的定位分辨率提高了1倍,给出了应用该方法对几种微波元器件的测试结果。实验表明,该方法具有较高的定位精度、定位分辨率和实时测量能力。

DSB通信系统的Simulink时域频域模型与仿真分析

基于Matlab的Simulink仿真平台,研究了单频信号下DSB通信系统的传输原理,提出了一种新的DSB通信系统时域频域模型并进行仿真。仿真结果表明,通过该模型的信号特性能够与理论分析保持一致,符合DSB通信系统的要求,并且能够同时观察信号的信号波形与频谱结构,为更深一步的理论研究和分析提供了更加便利的环境。

基于FFT插值的Keystone变换实现方法

Keystone变换(KT)是一种经典的雷达目标距离走动校正工具。针对现有实现方法计算复杂度高、抗噪效能不够理想的问题,提出基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)插值的KT实现方法,先将慢时间回波转换至频域,再通过频域补零、快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)、时域抽取等操作,计算尺度化回波,完成KT去耦合。仿真结果表明,所提方法抗噪效能优于现有几种KT实现方法,且计算复杂度明显更低。

基于Bagging集成高斯过程回归模型的刀具寿命预测

提出了一种集成高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression,GPR)模型的预测方法,首先将信号进行时域和频域分析,提取信号时频域特征,再结合距离相关系数(distance correlation,DC)进行特征筛选;为了提高模型的预测精度,采用Bagging算法对多个基学习器进行GPR集成,最大限度地降低噪声信号的影响;最后根据贝叶斯后验概率计算得到各子模型的权重,对子模型的输出进行融合,得到全局预测值。进行对比分析实验,验证了该方法的有效性,较之人工神经网络和支持向量机,该方法预测精度更好,具有一定的工程实用意义。

基于小波变换和Involution卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

传统卷积神经网络在滚动轴承故障诊断中存在梯度扩散、参数爆炸和训练时间长等缺点,为此提出一种基于Involution卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,通过小波变换将原始数据转换为时频图,经过数据预处理后送入基于Involution的神经网络模型;然后,经过不同Convolution卷积核对原始图像的局部区域特征进行不同方式的提取,扩展输入图像通道数;最后,通过Involution对特征图的每个像素点进行进一步特征提取,经过softmax层输出分类结果。CWRU轴承数据集和试验轴承数据集的分析结果表明,基于Involution卷积的神经网络模型所包含的参数较少,训练时间短,故障分类准确率可达99.75%,优于传统的CNN,DBN,自编码器等模型。

Dynamic Performance Investigation of A Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine Under Different Sea Conditions

Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses.

Zoom-FFT的改进、频谱反演与时-频局部化特性

回顾了经典连续分段序列Zoom-FFT方法.定义了时间分段序列的占空比Rms.分析了在实际应用中对Rms<1的时间分段序列的Zoom-FFT处理的需求并建立了处理这种序列的新方法.提出并证明了Rms为任意值的Zoom-FFT频谱反演回实际频谱的理论公式和修正公式.给出了对跳频信号进行Rms=1的Zoom-FFT处理和对话带信号进行Rms<1的Zoom-FFT处理并反演回实际频谱的例子.证明Zoom-FFT方法对解决信号快速搜索和粗分析与信号细节分析的矛盾有实用价值,间断分段序列的Zoom-FFT进一步提高了分析效率.最后讨论了Zoom-FFT具有类似于小波变换的时-频局部化特性问题.

MODAL PARAMETERS EXTRACTION WITH CROSS CORRELATION FUNCTION AND CROSS POWER SPECTRUM UNDER UNKNOWN EXCITATION

In most of real operational conditions only response data are measurable while the actual excitations are unknown, so modal parameter must be extracted only from responses. This paper gives a theoretical formulation for the cross-correlation functions and cross-power spectra between the outputs under the assumption of white-noise excitation. It widens the field of modal analysis under ambient excitation because many classical methods by impulse response functions or frequency response functions can be used easily for modal analysis under unknown excitation. The Polyreference Complex Exponential method and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm using cross-correlation functions in time domain and Orthogonal Polynomial method using cross-power spectra in frequency domain are applied to a steel frame to extract modal parameters under operational conditions. The modal properties of the steel frame from these three methods are compared with those from frequency response functions analysis. The results show that the modal analysis method using cross-correlation functions or cross-power spectra presented in this paper can extract modal parameters efficiently under unknown excitation.

Motion Characteristics of Novel Floating Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbine

A novel floating foundation to support the NREL offshore 5 MW wind turbine was designed conceptually by combining the characteristics of barge and Spar. The main focus was structural design and hydrodynamic modelling. Based on this novel floating foundation, the hydrodynamic performance was investigated in the frequency domain and time domain by using the wave analysis software Hydro D and Deep C from Det Norske Veritas. The frequency domain analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the incident wave angle and water depth. The time-domain analysis was carried out to evaluate the response of the floating foundation under a selected operational condition. The hydrodynamic performances of this floating foundation with respect to time series and response spectra were also investigated in this study.

FFT方法分析电磁波的时频传播特性

电磁波的传播可以用时域分析方法,也可以采用频域方法,二者各有特点。针对电磁波在通过一定厚度的介质板时的反射、透射现象,采用频域分析的方式不能反映出电磁波在介质板单界面的传播情况,提出了时域分析方式对其进行分析。通过数值仿真、时域波形观察、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和频域解析对比等方式,对这一过程进行了细致研究,仿真结果证实了该方法的可行性。