Satellite-based RAR performance simulation for measuring directional ocean wave spectrum based on SAR inversion spectrum

Some missions have been carried out to measure wave directional spectrum by synthetic aperture radar （SAR） and airborne real aperture radar （RAR） at a low incidence.Both them have their own advantages and limitations.Scientists hope that SAR and satellite-based RAR can complement each other for the research on wave properties in the future.For this study,the authors aim to simulate the satellite-based RAR system to validate performance for measuring the directional wave spectrum.The principal measurements are introduced and the simulation methods based on the one developed by Hauser are adopted and slightly modified.To enhance the authenticity of input spectrum and the wave spectrum measuring consistency for SAR and satellite-based RAR,the wave height spectrum inversed from Envisat ASAR data by cross spectrum technology is used as the input spectrum of the simulation system.In the process of simulation,the sea surface,backscattering signal,modulation spectrum and the estimated wave height spectrum are simulated in each look direction.Directional wave spectrum are measured based on the simulated observations from 0 ？ to 360 ？ .From the estimated wave spectrum,it has an 180 ？ ambiguity like SAR,but it has no special high wave number cut off in all the direction.Finally,the estimated spectrum is compared with the input one in terms of the dominant wave wavelength,direction and SWH and the results are promising.The simulation shows that satellite-based RAR should be capable of measuring the directional wave properties.Moreover,it indicates satellite-based RAR basically can measure waves that SAR can measure.

EFFICIENT STRIP-MODE SAR RAW SIGNAL SIMULATION OF MIXED TARGETS BASED ON ACCURATE 2-D SPECTRUM

An accurate and efficient Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)raw data generator is of considerable value for testing system parameters and verifying imaging algorithms.Nevertheless,the existing simulator cannot exactly handle the case of the fast moving targets in high squint geometry.As for the issue,the analytical expression for the two Dimensional(2-D)signal spectrum of moving targets is derived and a fast raw echo simulation method is proposed in this study.The proposed simulator can accommodate the moving targets in the high squint geometry,whose processing steps of the simulation are given in detail and its computational complexity is analyzed.The simulation data for static and moving targets are processed and analyzed,and the results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Simulation of γ spectrum-shifting based on the parameter adjustment of Gaussian function space

Based on the statistical characteristics of energy spectrum and the features of spectrum-shifting in spectrometry,the parameter adjustment method of Gaussian function space was applied in the simulation of spectrum-shifting.The transient characteristics of energy spectrum were described by the Gaussian function space,and then the Gaussian function space was transferred by parameter adjustment method.Furthermore,the spectrum-shifting in measurement of energy spectrum was simulated.The applied example shows that the parameters can be adjusted flexibly by this method to meet the various requirements in simulation of energy spectrum-shifting.This method was one parameterized simulation method with good performance for the practical application.

Fluid identification and tight oil layer classification for the southwestern Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin using NMR logging-based spectrum decomposition

The intricate distribution of oil and water in tight rocks makes pinpointing oil layers challenging.While conventional identification methods offer potential solutions,their limited accuracy precludes them from being effective in their applications to unconventional reservoirs.This study employed nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectrum decomposition to dissect the NMR T_(2)spectrum into multiple subspectra.Furthermore,it employed laboratory NMR experiments to ascertain the fluid properties of these sub-spectra,aiming to enhance identification accuracy.The findings indicate that fluids of distinct properties overlap in the T_(2)spectra,with bound water,movable water,bound oil,and movable oil appearing sequentially from the low-value zone to the high-value zone.Consequently,an oil layer classification scheme was proposed,which considers the physical properties of reservoirs,oil-bearing capacity,and the characteristics of both mobility and the oil-water two-phase flow.When applied to tight oil layer identification,the scheme's outcomes align closely with actual test results.A horizontal well,deployed based on these findings,has produced high-yield industrial oil flow,underscoring the precision and dependability of this new approach.

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION AND SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF FLOW AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE

Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ratio of (1.5.) The second order full extension ETG finite element method was developed by Wang and He. By means of Taylor expansion of terms containing time derivative, time derivative is replaced by space derivative. The function of it is equal to introducing an artificial viscosity term. The streamlines of the flow at different moments were obtained. The time history of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were presented. Furthermore, the symmetrical problem of the frequency spectrum of flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side were studied by using the spectral analysis technology. The data obtained at the initial stage are excluded in order to avoid the influence of initial condition on the results. The power spectrums of drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were analyzed respectively. The results show that although the time domain process of dynamic parameters is non-symmetrical, the frequency domain process of them is symmetrical under the symmetrical boundary conditions.

Surge Response of a Compliant Offshore Structure by Time Domain Simulation

A single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion was used for modeling a compliant offshore structure exposed to viscous hydrodynamic loads. The equation of motion contains nonlinearities in the forms of both Duffing stiffness and Morison drag force with current. The water particle velocity and acceleration for calculating the Morison inertia and drag forces are modeled as Gaussian processes based on a Pierson-Moskowitz (P-M) elevation spectrum. The single-degree-of-freedom equation of motion containing different ocean current values are then numerically integrated via a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. Time trajectories of the surge response displacements of the offshore structure and the response probability density curves are obtained. Furthermore, the ocean current influences on the response central moments up to the fourth order are studied. A literature review reveals that this is the first treatment of such a pair of nonlinearities in time domain. The simulation results are analyzed, and some conclusions valuable for engineering design are pointed out.

Numerical Simulation and Physical Simulation of Sea Wave Groups

Based on field wave data, an empirical formula of wave envelope spectrum is given in this paper. Then the methods of both numerical and physical simulation of sea wave groups with the given spectrum and groupiness parameters are suggested.

Simulation of the Temperature Dependence of the Density of States in a Strong Magnetic Field

The temperature dependence of the density of states in strong magnetic fields. On the basis of the model constructed, a computer program calculating the density of electronic states in a quantizing magnetic field. Used new, based on quantum statistics, the approach to the calculation of the temperature dependence of the density of states in a strong magnetic field. Mathematical modeling of the density of states using the experimental values of a continuous density of states makes it possible to calculate the Landau levels.

Simulation method for measurement of the cross-section of the^(14)N(n,a)^(11)B reaction using a gridded ionization chamber

A simulation method for measurement of the cross-section of the^(14)N(n,a)^(11)B reaction with gas and solid samples using a gridded ionization chamber(GIC)has been established.Using the simulation,the experimental spectra of both^(14)N(n,a)^(11)B events and background from other reactions can be predicted,and the experimental scheme can be optimized.According to the simulation results,the optimal experimental parameters,including the pressure of the working gas and the compositions of the working gas and the sample,can be determined.In addition,the simulation results can be used to determine the valid event area and calculate the detection efficiency for valid events.A measurement of the cross-sections of the^(14)N(n,a)^(11)B reaction at E_(n)=4.25,4.50,4.75,5.00,5.25,and 5.50 MeV,based on the 4.5-MV Van de Graff accelerator at Peking University(PKU)using a GIC as the detector for the outgoing a particles,has been performed.The good agreement of the spectra from the simulation and experiment demonstrated the universality of this simulation method,which can be used to accurately measure neutroninduced light-charged particle emission reactions.

Simulation of non-stationary ground motion processes (II)

This paper proposes a method for simulation of non-stationary ground motion processes having the identical statis-tical feature, time-dependent power spectrum, with a given ground motion record, on the basis of review of simu-lation of non-stationary ground motion processes. The method has the following advantages: the sample processes are non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency, and both the amplitude and frequency non-stationarity depend on the target power spectrum; the power spectrum of any sample process does not necessarily accord with the tar-get power spectrum, but statistically, it strictly accords with the target power spectrum. Finally, the method is veri-fied by simulation of one acceleration record in Landers earthquake.

Simulating the strong ground motion of the 2022 MS6.8 Luding,Sichuan,China Earthquake

Stochastic finite-fault simulations are effective for simulating ground motions and are widely used in engineering to determine the impacts of ground motion and develop relevant predictive equations.In this study,the source,path,and site amplification coefficient of western Sichuan Province,China,and stochastic finite-fault simulations were used to simulate the acceleration time series,Fourier amplitude spectra,and 5%damped response spectra of 28 strong-motion stations with rupture distances within 300 km of the 2022 MS6.8 Luding earthquake.The simulation results of 14 stations at rupture distances of 45-185 km match the observation.However,the simulation results of 3 near-and 6 far-field stations at rupture distances of 12-36 km and 222-286 km,respectively,were obviously deviated from the observations.Simulation results of the near-field stations are larger than the observations at high frequencies(>6 Hz).The discrepancy likely comes from the nonlinear site effect of near-field stations,which reduced the site amplification at high frequencies.Simulation result of the far-field stations is smaller than the observation at frequencies above 1 Hz.As these stations are located close to the Longmenshan Fault Zone(LFZ),thus,we obtained a new quality factor(Q)from data of historical events and stations located around LFZ.Using the new Q value,the discrepancies of the high-frequency simulation results of the far-field stations were corrected.This result indicated that the laterally varying Q values can be used to address the impact of strong crustal lateral heterogeneity on simulation.

All-atom Molecular Dynamic Simulations and NMR Spectra Study on Intermolecular Interactions of N,N-dimethylacetamide-Water System

N， N-dimethylacetamide (直接存储器存取) 在学习肽契约的模型广泛地被调查了。所有原子 MD 模拟和 NMR 系列被执行在直接存储器存取水系统调查相互作用。光线的分发功能(RDF ) 和结合氢的网络在 MD 模拟被使用。有强壮的氢契约和弱 CH ... O 在混合物联系，由 RDF 的分析出现。在直接存储器存取水混合物的卓见结构能被结合氢的网络的分析分类进不同区域。有集中和温度的水分子的氢原子的化学移动被采用在混合物学习相互作用。NMR 系列的结果在 MD 模拟与氢契约的统计结果显示出好同意。

Simulation Study on the Structure and Dynamics of Water in Sodium Tetrafluoroborate/Water

在房间温度的在钠 tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4 ) 的水分子的微观结构，红外光谱，以及旋转动力学 /water 混合与分子的动力学模拟被学习。在 NaBF4/water 混合的水(6.25% ， 25.0% ， 50.0% ， 75.0% ， 90.0% ，和 99.6%) 的不同集中被模仿理解结构和动力学。水分子趋于在两液体比水分子与更多的离子在混合物从对方被孤立，这被显示出。随在混合的水的臼齿的部分的增加，而重取向关联功能的 OH 段乐队表演蓝色移动，和腐烂变得更慢，旋转乐队和水显示红的弯曲乐队变。这建议分子被妨碍，他们的运动困难、慢，由于在分子间或 intra 分子的模式之间的氢契约相互作用和不和谐的相互作用。

海面船舶探测谱段优选与效能分析

船舶等海面目标的探测对于海面管理、国防安全、搜索救援等领域有着重要意义。星载红外遥感覆盖范围广,是实现船舶目标广域探测的有效手段。受太阳天顶角昼夜循环的影响,船舶与海面的温差周期性变化,导致海面船舶探测场景存在一天两次的热交叉时期,此时使用单一探测谱段难以满足船舶目标全天时探测需求。文章以中纬度夏季和冬季海面环境为例,建立海面船舶探测场景的24小时红外辐射特征,提出多谱段优选组合方案,通过3.50~4.10μm和10.25~10.75μm双探测谱段探测实现信噪比优于16.52(夏季)和17.64(冬季)的昼夜连续观测。所提出的双谱段探测方法为实现广域全天时海面目标探测应用提供了技术支撑。

飞机牵引滑行工况下前起落架疲劳寿命仿真分析

为使机场运行更加高效经济,提出一种由牵引车将飞机高速牵引滑行至跑道起飞端的新模式。在牵引滑行工况下,前起落架要承受长时间长距离的高速重载荷牵引,同时受牵引车的加速和制动特性的影响,可能导致前起落架疲劳寿命降低。于是,针对飞机前起落架在该工况下的载荷分析以及疲劳寿命验证十分重要。通过Adams软件建立多体动力学模型,模拟真实工况,对不同牵引滑行速度下的牵引车-飞机系统仿真,获取到前起落架的载荷谱信息。结合前起落架有限元模型静力学分析和载荷谱,通过频域寿命分析法,在nCode软件中计算得到前起落架的疲劳寿命。结果表明,高速牵引滑行工况产生的大载荷加剧前起落架疲劳损伤,疲劳损伤从减震支柱凸耳向下阻力臂延展,疲劳寿命缩短3个数量级,需要对前起落架下阻力臂进行结构优化。本文中的研究可以为新牵引滑行模式下前起落架的疲劳寿命结构优化提供参考。

海洋油膜偏振反射特性仿真与测试

为了海洋溢油的检测与识别,在偏振特性建模中综合考虑天空的偏振辐射、油膜表面的动态反射、接收探测器的姿态和性能,进行全数字仿真,开展外场动态水面的实测,进行油膜偏振半实物仿真,最后对海洋溢油进行了偏振测试与分析。试验结果表明:在区分油品方面,汽油和水的强度差值为29.33%,线偏振度差值为0.97%,二者结合可较好的分辨溢油。

基于中子活化瞬发伽马能谱确定地层元素含量的方法

中子技术能够利用中子与物质的相互作用确定其组成等性质,广泛应用于医学、环境科学、核反应堆建设、金属矿产勘查及石油工业中。在石油天然气领域,中子探测技术主要被用于确定井孔中的孔隙度、密度和流体饱和度等参数。随着测井技术的不断发展,基于瞬发伽马射线的中子活化分析技术也已应用于井下确定地层元素含量,并成为复杂岩性和非常规油气储层获得矿物含量的唯一手段。通过归纳地层元素伽马能谱测井的方法,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟不同地层条件下的伽马能谱,构建地层元素的标准谱库,研究奇异值分解和极大似然估计能谱数据处理方法,并利用得到的元素产额及氧闭合模型实现地层元素含量的确定。利用蒙特卡罗方法构建已知地层的伽马能谱,采用上述数据处理方法得到元素含量与地层真实元素含量误差均在4%之内,Si误差最大为2.8%,Ca最大误差为3.3%,研究结果为井下确定地层元素成分及含量提供了有效的技术支持。

船用三通调节阀流-固耦合噪声数值模拟

针对船用PN10DN32三通调节阀噪声声压频谱、声指向性等声学特性规律不明确,噪声声压级是否满足使用要求的问题,基于流-固耦合理论,同时考虑流-固耦合面及流体域内的脉动声学激励源,开展阀门噪声数值模拟研究。分别对三通调节阀在80%及60%开度阀外1 m处的噪声进行数值模拟,分析研究噪声声压频谱特性及声指向性规律。结果表明:80%及60%开度下的噪声声压级分别为49.14 dB(A)、50.79 dB(A),均小于60 dB(A)的噪声限制,满足使用要求。该文为船用三通调节阀噪声数值模拟提供了理论及方法参考。

架空输电线路非平稳台风风场数值模拟与验证

为了实现架空输电线路非平稳台风风场模拟,考虑非平稳脉动风场的紊流强度和阵风因子特性及其影响,提出了一种架空输电线路非平稳台风风场的模拟方法。首先利用Spline插值方法生成时变平均风速,采用更新时变平均风速的谐波合成法模拟脉动风速,然后基于三向风谱功率密度函数,构建了台风风场的时变功率谱,计入风场空间上的相关性,获取了调制进化功率谱,并与模拟台风功率谱比较;最后以沿海500 kV架空输电线路为例,验证了台风模拟方法的合理性。研究结果表明:随着基本时距的增加,台风的非平稳因素所占比重越大;所提出的输电线路非平稳台风模拟方法合理有效。