Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources and the significant differences in their properties make it crucial to investigate the differentiation potential of MSCs from different sources to ...Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources and the significant differences in their properties make it crucial to investigate the differentiation potential of MSCs from different sources to determine the optimal source of MSCs. We investigated if this biological heterogeneity in MSCs from different sources results in different mechanisms for their differentiation. In this study, we compared the gene expression patterns of phenotypically defined MSCs derived from three ontogenically different sources: Embryonic stem cells (hES-MSCs), Fetal limb (Flb-MSCs) and Bone Marrow (BM-MSCs). Differentially expressed genes between differentiated cells and undifferentiated controls were compared across the three MSC sources. We found minimal overlap (5% - 16%) in differentially expressed gene sets among the three sources. Flb-MSCs were similar to BM-MSCs based on differential gene expression patterns. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed a large variation in the canonical pathways leading to MSC differentiation. The similar canonical pathways among the three sources were lineage specific. The Flb-MSCs showed maximum overlap of canonical pathways with the BM-MSCs, indicating that the Flb-MSCs are an intermediate source between the less specialised hES-MSC source and the more specialised BM-MSC source. The source specific pathways prove that MSCs from the three ontogenically different sources use different biological pathways to obtain similar differentiation outcomes. Thus our study advocates the understanding of biological pathways to obtain optimal sources of MSCs for various clinical applications.展开更多
This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift...This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required level.The voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter(BC)are based on the number of CLC cells.The suggested MGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count.A hybrid fuzzy logic-perturb&observe maximum power point tracker(HFL-P&O MPPT)developed is used to monitor P_(max)(maximum power)generated by the SPV.Also,a comparative analysis of the suggested MPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based(FLB)MPPT for a CLC-based MGBC is presented.The comparison is made in terms of rise time,voltage ripples(%),steady-state time and boost factor.The output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the MATLAB/Simulink tool.The MPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at MPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional MPPT and FLB MPPT.The proposed CLC-MGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of 4.The generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop system.The total harmonic distortion of 1.66%obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.展开更多
In this paper a fuzzy logic-based system is presented to deal with the congestion control and policing problem in ATM networks. We combine the modified Leaky Bucket (LB) technique with the moving window mechanism to i...In this paper a fuzzy logic-based system is presented to deal with the congestion control and policing problem in ATM networks. We combine the modified Leaky Bucket (LB) technique with the moving window mechanism to identify the traffic parameters. The Fuzzy Leaky Bucket (FLB ) modifies the token rate according to the peak rate and the burst time which characterize the source behavior Simulation results show that our system is transparent to sources with respect to the parameter values negotiated at the call setup and effective in detecting source violation with low response time.展开更多
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be obtained from several sources and the significant differences in their properties make it crucial to investigate the differentiation potential of MSCs from different sources to determine the optimal source of MSCs. We investigated if this biological heterogeneity in MSCs from different sources results in different mechanisms for their differentiation. In this study, we compared the gene expression patterns of phenotypically defined MSCs derived from three ontogenically different sources: Embryonic stem cells (hES-MSCs), Fetal limb (Flb-MSCs) and Bone Marrow (BM-MSCs). Differentially expressed genes between differentiated cells and undifferentiated controls were compared across the three MSC sources. We found minimal overlap (5% - 16%) in differentially expressed gene sets among the three sources. Flb-MSCs were similar to BM-MSCs based on differential gene expression patterns. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed a large variation in the canonical pathways leading to MSC differentiation. The similar canonical pathways among the three sources were lineage specific. The Flb-MSCs showed maximum overlap of canonical pathways with the BM-MSCs, indicating that the Flb-MSCs are an intermediate source between the less specialised hES-MSC source and the more specialised BM-MSC source. The source specific pathways prove that MSCs from the three ontogenically different sources use different biological pathways to obtain similar differentiation outcomes. Thus our study advocates the understanding of biological pathways to obtain optimal sources of MSCs for various clinical applications.
文摘This paper analyses the performance of a multiple gain boost converter(MGBC)connected to a solar photovoltaic(SPV)system with a grid-tied inverter.The capacitor inductor capacitor(CLC)-based MGBC is integrated to lift the output voltage of the SPV to the required level.The voltage lifts/levels in a boost converter(BC)are based on the number of CLC cells.The suggested MGBC is compared with various conventional BCs in terms of boost factor and component count.A hybrid fuzzy logic-perturb&observe maximum power point tracker(HFL-P&O MPPT)developed is used to monitor P_(max)(maximum power)generated by the SPV.Also,a comparative analysis of the suggested MPPT with a conventional P&O and fuzzy logic-based(FLB)MPPT for a CLC-based MGBC is presented.The comparison is made in terms of rise time,voltage ripples(%),steady-state time and boost factor.The output characteristics of the developed model for different irradiation conditions are analysed using the MATLAB/Simulink tool.The MPPT simulation result exhibits minimum oscillations at MPP and a significantly better rise time of 0.015 s when compared with a conventional MPPT and FLB MPPT.The proposed CLC-MGBC gives an appreciable boost factor of 4.The generated SPV power is supplied to the grid through a conventional inverter and synchronized using a phase-locked loop system.The total harmonic distortion of 1.66%obtained in the output current of the inverter is within the permissible range of the IEEE standards.
文摘In this paper a fuzzy logic-based system is presented to deal with the congestion control and policing problem in ATM networks. We combine the modified Leaky Bucket (LB) technique with the moving window mechanism to identify the traffic parameters. The Fuzzy Leaky Bucket (FLB ) modifies the token rate according to the peak rate and the burst time which characterize the source behavior Simulation results show that our system is transparent to sources with respect to the parameter values negotiated at the call setup and effective in detecting source violation with low response time.
