A Case Study of Impact of FY-2C Satellite Data in Cloud Analysis to Improve Short-Range Precipitation Forecast

Chinese FengYun-2C(FY-2C) satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were used to initialize the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model(GRAPES) in China to predict precipitation in a rainstorm case in the country. Three prediction experiments were conducted and were used to investigate the impacts of FY-2C satellite data on cloud analysis of LAPS and on short range precipitation forecasts. In the first experiment, the initial cloud fields was zero value. In the second, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS without combining the satellite data. In the third experiment, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS including satellite data. The results indicated that the FY-2C satellite data combination in LAPS can show more realistic cloud distributions, and the model simulation for precipitation in 1–6 h had certain improvements over that when satellite data and complex cloud analysis were not applied.

FY-2F Meteorological Satellite and Its Applications

China is one of the countries in the world claiming the most occurrences of severe natural disasters. The natural disasters occurring in this country, diversify in type, wide in geographic distribution, high frequency of occurrence, and bring heavy losses in terms of people's lives and properties.

FY-2 GEO Meteorological Satellite Launched Successfully

ＦＹ┐２ＧＥＯＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳａｔｅｌｉｔｅＬａｕｎｃｈｅｄＳｕｃｅｓｆｕｌｙＴｈｅＦＹ┐２ｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓａｔｅｌｉｌｅＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓｆｉｒｓｔｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｇｅｏｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ...

FY-3B/3C和AMSR2土壤含水量产品在锡林郭勒草原地区的适用性评价

土壤表层含水量存在于陆-气界面,是模拟全球水文、能源和碳循环及其相互作用的一个重要变量,对于气候和地球系统研究至关重要。为了评价风云三号B星(FY-3B)、风云三号C星(FY-3C)、先进微波扫描辐射计(AMSR2)土壤含水量产品在锡林郭勒草原以及不同土地覆盖类型的精度和适用性,本文基于2014-2019年生长季的地面观测数据,应用时间序列相关性(R)、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均偏差(Bias)和无偏均方根误差(ubRMSE)分析了这三种网格产品的可靠性。结果表明:(1)在日尺度上,FY-3B和FY-3C土壤含水量产品高估了陆地表层含水量,AMSR2低估了土壤含水量;各项评价指标表明三种土壤含水量产品均能够捕捉锡林郭勒草原表层土壤含水量的时间变化趋势。(2)在月尺度上,与AMSR2相比,FY-3B和FY-3C土壤含水量产品的月度分布与实测土壤含水量分布较为一致。(3)在生长季尺度,3种卫星土壤含水量产品能够反映各草原亚型的土壤含水量状况;FY-3B和FY-3C土壤含水量产品在植被覆盖较高的地区适用性较好,AMSR2在植被覆盖较低的地区可靠性较好,3种产品在监测土壤含水量方面具有互补功能;FY-3B与原位土壤含水量的变化趋势一致性最好;FY-3B和FY-3C能较好反映研究区西部和东部土壤含水量变异情况,AMSR2能很好捕捉研究区中部土壤含水量变异状况。

FY-2F Meteorological Satellite Successfully Launched

At 08:56 on January 13,a LM-3A launch vehicle launched into space FY-2F,the fourth operational geostationary meteorological satellite independently developed by China,from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.24 minutes after the lift-off,data received from the Xi'an Satellite TT&C Center and the

LM-3A Successfully Launched the FY-2F Satellite

China successfully launched the meteorological satellite FY-2F into space at 8:56 a.m.on January 13 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.Developed and produced by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST),a subsidiary of the

Evaluation of the Long-term Performance of Microwave Radiation Imager Onboard Chinese Fengyun Satellites

Accurate brightness temperature(BT)is a top priority for retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters.Microwave Radiation Imagers(MWRIs)on Chinese Fengyun-3(FY-3)serial polar-orbiting satellites have been providing abundant BT data since 2008.Much work has been done to evaluate short-term MWRI observations,but the long-term performance of MWRIs remains unclear.In this study,operational MWRI BTs from 2012–19 were carefully examined by using simultaneous Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2(AMSR2)BTs as the reference.The BT difference between MWRI/FY3B and AMSR2 during 2012–19 increased gradually over time.As compared with MWRI/FY3B BTs over land,those of MWRI/FY3D were much closer to those of AMSR2.The ascending and descending orbit difference for MWRI/FY3D is also much smaller than that for MWRI/FY3B.These results suggested the improvement of MWRI/FY3D over MWRI/FY3B.A substantial BT difference between AMSR2 and MWRI was found over water,especially at the vertical polarization channels.A similar BT difference was found over polar water based on the simultaneous conical overpassing(SCO)method.Radiative transfer model simulations suggested that the substantial BT differences at the vertical polarization channels of MWRI and AMSR2 over water were partly contributed by their difference in the incident angle;however,the underestimation of the operational MWRI BT over water remained a very important issue.Preliminary assessment of the operational and recalibrated MWRI BT demonstrated that MWRI BTs were substantially improved after the recalibration,including the obvious underestimation of the operational MWRI BT at the vertical polarization channels over water was corrected,and the time-dependent biases were reduced.

Rainfall Algorithms Using Oceanic Satellite Observations from MWHS-2

This paper describes three algorithms for retrieving precipitation over oceans from brightness temperatures (TBs) of the Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-2 (MHWS-2) onboard Fengyun-3C (FY-3C). For algorithm development, scattering- induced TB depressions (ΔTBs) of MWHS-2 at channels between 89 and 190 GHz were collocated to rain rates derived from measurements of the Global Precipitation Measurement’s Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) for the year 2017. ΔTBs were calculated by subtracting simulated cloud-free TBs from bias-corrected observed TBs for each channel. These ΔTBs were then related to rain rates from DPR using (1) multilinear regression (MLR);the other two algorithms, (2) range searches (RS) and (3) nearest neighbor searches (NNS), are based on k-dimensional trees. While all three algorithms produce instantaneous rain rates, the RS algorithm also provides the probability of precipitation and can be understood in a Bayesian framework. Different combinations of MWHS-2 channels were evaluated using MLR and results suggest that adding 118 GHz improves retrieval performance. The optimal combination of channels excludes high-peaking channels but includes 118 GHz channels peaking in the mid and high troposphere. MWHS-2 observations from another year were used for validation purposes. The annual mean 2.5° × 2.5° gridded rain rates from the three algorithms are consistent with those from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and DPR. Their correlation coefficients with GPCP are 0.96 and their biases are less than 5%. The correlation coefficients with DPR are slightly lower and the maximum bias is ~8%, partly due to the lower sampling density of DPR compared to that of MWHS-2.

利用FY-2C静止卫星资料反演云粒子有效半径的试验研究

为充分发挥FY-2C静止卫星在人工影响天气和气候领域的重要作用,基于SBDART辐射传输模式,利用该卫星通道4(3.5～4.0μm)的探测数据,反演了云粒子有效半径,并与TERRA上MODIS的相应产品做了比较。结果表明,FY-2C和MODIS资料能一致地反映云粒子有效半径分布的主要特征,但反演的粒子大小存在差异。反演算法、卫星分辨率及选取通道的不同可能是造成两种资料间差异的主要原因。

FY-2C/D卫星微物理特性参数产品在地面降水分析中的应用

针对2007年7月14日和2008年8月16日发生在江淮地区的两次强降水天气过程,将FY-2C静止卫星的红外、近红外和可见光通道等多光谱数据反演得到的云液水路径产品与同时段地面观测的加密雨量资料进行对比,发现:云液水路径的大值区与强降水中心的位置基本一致,云液水路径的大小与地面雨量的大小呈现正相关关系。结果显示,卫星反演的云特征参数产品在地面降水分析方面具有可用性。

LM-2C Successfully Launched Yaogan 30-01 Satellites

The LM-2C launch vehicle lifted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center with the Yaogan 30-01 satellites （3 satel- lites with one rocket） at 12：21 Beijing time on September 29. The satellites en- tered their preset orbits. It was the 25 I st flight of the LM series launch vehicle.

基于FY-2C数据的地表温度反演验证——以黄河源区玛曲为例

地表温度是气候、水文和生态等研究领域的基本参数,在地表水量和能量平衡的研究和应用中发挥着十分重要的作用。强烈的异质性是地表温度反演精度不高的主要原因之一。该文以黄河源区玛曲为研究区,评估FY-2C数据的地表温度反演精度,为将来温度反演算法和产品的进一步发展提供依据。首先,以与FY-2C相同空间分辨率的MODIS地表温度产品（MOD11B1）为地表温度真值,对反演的地表温度进行了验证;然后,利用研究区内20个采样点的土壤温度（5 cm）实测数据对反演结果进行验证。结果表明,FY-2C地表温度与MODIS温度产品具有较好的相关性,相关系数在0.72-0.95之间,均方根误差在0.44-3.87 K之间,平均均方根误差为1.90 K;反演结果和实测数据的相关系数为0.69。

FY-2C积雪判识方法研究

介绍了利用FY-2C资料进行积雪判识的原理,在阈值法基础上的辅助因子函数积雪判识方法以及相应的FY-2C积雪判识结果精度验证分析等。一般较为常用的卫星遥感积雪判识方法为简单阈值法,由于其带有一定的随机性,很难客观反映下垫面条件差异对阈值选取的影响。以阈值法为基础,将所使用的主要变量以函数形式表达,以海拔高度、地理位置、季节、土地覆盖类型等作为阈值函数的变量,通过大量采样建立起多种阈值函数,从而实现随时空特点变化的阈值实时计算。该方法用于FY-2C积雪判识,较好地解决了FY-2C全圆盘范围内广大区域不同下垫面类型下的实时积雪监测。通过与NOAA-17人机交互积雪判识结果对比分析,该方法的积雪判识精度可达85%左右。

利用青海湖对FY-1C、FY-2B气象卫星热红外通道进行在轨辐射定标

介绍利用青海湖水面辐射校正场对ＦＹ－１Ｃ、ＦＹ２Ｂ气象卫星热红外通道进行在轨辐射 定标．先用ＣＥ３１２野外热红外辐射计在水面测量水表辐亮度，再经大气订正传递到卫星入 瞳处，大气订正包括大气吸收削弱和大气产生热发射影响，这两部分对卫星信号的贡献通过 辐射传输模式ＭＯＤＴＲＡＮ３７计算出来．同时进行ＣＥ３１２与卫星通道光谱响应匹配，最终 得到卫星入瞳处的表观辐亮度．这个辐亮度与卫星通道的计数值得到该通道绝对定标系数． 我们对两颗卫星进行了多次定标，结果表明利用青海湖进行的在轨定标与星上定标系数相差 ５％左右，相当于３Ｋ的亮温差．

FY-2F Satellite In-orbit Test Review Passed

The FY-2F satellite recently passed its in-orbit test review and can be put into operational use. Experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, CASC, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense,

基于FY-2C卫星资料估算四川地面降水方法研究

应用2006年6月6日00时(北京时)至7日06时四川地区的自动站降水资料和FY-2C静止卫星红外亮温资料,共3854对样本,分析发现1小时内的最低红外亮温和红外亮温增量两因子能很好地表征地面1小时累计降水量,且能有效地进行四川地面1小时降水估算,并由此建立了估算降水方法。通过对2006年8月27日13—19时,2006年8月28日04—16时两个时段估算降水结果的初步检验来看,其均方根差都小于2.0mm,随着最低亮温的增加,其均方根差也越小。由此可见,基于FY-2C静止卫星1小时内最低红外亮温和亮温增量来估算四川地面1小时降水是可行的,且效果较好。

FY-2C静止气象卫星资料对不透明云云顶气压的反演研究

采用红外窗区通道法尝试对FY-2C静止气象卫星图像上的不透明云的云顶气压进行反演,并结合MODIS反演产品和CloudSat/CPR雷达探测产品对反演结果进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)对于厚实密蔽的云层,不透明云云顶气压的反演结果与MODIS反演结果一致性较好,特别是对于发展较强的对流云和厚实密蔽的多层云,易满足云层比辐射率近似为1的条件,可近似看作黑体;(2)对于单层云和光学厚度不够厚的云层,反演结果更接近辐射中心,尤其是对于锋面云带暖水云上空覆盖卷云的情况,由于FY-2C对于薄卷云的检测不如MODIS细致,导致反演结果与MODIS和CloudSat存在一定偏差。

基于FY-2C红外资料进行夜间云检测的方法研究

应用2007年4月30日20时至5月1日03时的FY-2C红外亮温资料、地面云观测资料以及地理海拔高度资料,详细分析了无云条件下红外亮温与地理海拔高度之间的关系特征。通过建立夜间无云条件下红外亮温与地理海拔高度之间对应关系的标准数据库,以此为判据实现了有云区和无云区的分离,云检测个例结果表明正确率可达88%;将无云区误判为有云区的百分比为4%,同时将有云区误判为晴空区的百分比是8%。在云区的云检测正确率为82%;在无云区的云检测正确率达到92%。在业务化应用和适用性分析中,以5月1日00时资料建立的判据,分别对5月2日至5日00时整个区域进行云检测试验,分析结果表明其总体准确率与5月1日00时的基本接近但稍高,达到92%。在云区的判识正确率提高到93%,从而导致总体准确率稍微提高;而在无云区的判识效果与5月1日00时的一致为92%。

利用FY-2C卫星资料估算太阳辐射研究

我国FY-2C气象卫星为估算到达地面的太阳辐射提供可靠的数据源。文章以华中3省(河南、湖北和湖南)为试验区,采用神经网络方法进行FY-2C资料太阳辐射的估算,并与统计方法结果进行比较。结果表明:①FY-2C资料可以用于太阳辐射估算,它的5个波段对太阳辐射的反演均有贡献;②用FY-2C资料估算太阳辐射时,神经网络方法精度优于统计方法;③FY-2C估算太阳辐射的误差主要由卫星观测与地面观测的空间和时间范围的差异引起。

FY-2C发射前后可见光星上定标的比较

为了提高FY-2C的定量化应用,监测遥感仪器的长期变化,为扫描辐射计设计了可见光星上定标器。可见光星上定标器包括工作原理、光机设计、试验方法和在轨定标数据推算.发射前定标试验利用平面镜将太阳引入辐射计星上定标装置,获取电信号和计数值;在轨后每天午夜辐射计获取太阳像并输出计数值。通过分析发射前后所获取的定标图像和数据,并结合两年多的在轨运行状况,检验辐射计可见通道的探测性能,以确定辐射计的运行状态,判断可见光通道的衰减,并作为定量应用的参考。