Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentra...Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.展开更多
All-sky (i.e., clear, cloudy, and precipitating conditions) assimilation of microwave observations shows potentially positive impacts on the improvement of the forecasts of cloud-associated weather processes. In this ...All-sky (i.e., clear, cloudy, and precipitating conditions) assimilation of microwave observations shows potentially positive impacts on the improvement of the forecasts of cloud-associated weather processes. In this study, a typical mei-yu heavy precipitation event that occurred in 2017 was investigated, and the Weather Research and Forecasting data assimilation (WRFDA) as well as its 3D-Var assimilation scheme (excluding cloud and precipitation control variables) were applied to assimilate the Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) Microwave Humidity Sounder-2 (MWHS-2) observations under clear- sky (excluding the observations that are strongly affected by ice clouds and precipitation) and all-sky conditions. Three experiments including a control experiment without assimilating any observations, clear-sky, and all-sky experiments with only FY-3C/MWHS-2 observations assimilated were carried out. The results show that the all-sky assimilation approach that provides more cloud and precipitation information and increased more than 10% of the satellite data usage than the clear-sky experiment. Meanwhile, as compared with the control experiment, the all-sky assimilation reduced nearly 0.5% of the root mean square errors in the humidity fields, leading to more accurate forecast performances regarding the distribution and intensity of heavy rainfall;but it exhibited a neutral to negative impacts on the wind and temperature. Although the system used to conduct all-sky assimilation is only able to adjust control variables for moisture-, wind-, and temperature- related variables in the presence of cloud and does not benefit directly from cloud or precipitation information, the positive effects on heavy rainfall forecasts achieved in this study indicate a potential future benefit regarding disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
针对搭载于风云三号C星（FY-3C）上的微波湿温探测仪（Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder,MWHTS）,建立了海洋晴空大气条件下温湿廓线同时反演的一维变分反演系统.通过对影响反演精度的各个因素进行分析,确立了该系统的输入参...针对搭载于风云三号C星（FY-3C）上的微波湿温探测仪（Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder,MWHTS）,建立了海洋晴空大气条件下温湿廓线同时反演的一维变分反演系统.通过对影响反演精度的各个因素进行分析,确立了该系统的输入参数.对于FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温与快速辐射传输（Radiative Transfer Model for TOVS,RTTOV）模型的模拟亮温之间的偏差和角度依赖性,采用逐像元统计回归校正方法进行校正.选择西北太平洋海域晴空条件下的校正亮温数据进行温湿廓线的反演,并利用欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析数据集对反演结果进行验证,结果表明：反演的温度廓线和相对湿度廓线的最大平均偏差分别为1.09K和5.4%,最大均方根误差分别为1.48K和22.69%,与未校正亮温的反演结果相比,温度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小1.56K,湿度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小14.71%.反演温湿廓线与背景廓线的精度对比表明：反演的温度廓线在10~70hPa、300~350hPa和700~850hPa内的精度高于背景廓线的精度,而反演湿度廓线的精度除了825~875hPa,其他范围均高于背景廓线的精度,因此FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温的反演结果可进一步提高预报廓线精度.展开更多
文摘目前还没有基于国产卫星的1 km分辨率的全天候陆表温度(LST)产品,FY-3D卫星提供了中分辨率成像仪(MERSI)Ⅱ型1 km分辨率晴空LST产品与微波成像仪(MWRI)25 km全天候LST产品,因此可结合两者优势开展全天候1 km分辨率LST的融合研究。基于地理加权回归(GWR)方法,选择海拔、FY-3D归一化植被指数和归一化建筑指数等建立GWR模型对FY-3D/MWRI 25 km LST降尺度到1 km,并与MERSI 1 km LST进行融合;同时针对MWRI轨道间隙,利用前后1天融合后的云覆盖像元1 km LST进行补值,可以得到接近全天候下的1 km LST。基于以上融合算法,选择了中国区域多个典型日期FY-3D/MERSI和MWRI LST官网产品进行了融合试验,并利用公开发布的全天候1 km LST产品(TPDC LST)对FY-3D 1 km LST融合结果进行了评估。研究结果表明,基于GWR法的LST降尺度方法,可以有效避免传统微波LST降尺度方法中存在的“斑块”效应和局地温度偏低等问题;LST融合结果有值率从融合前的22.4%~36.9%可提高到融合后69.3%~80.7%,融合结果与TPDC LST的空间决定系数为0.503~0.787,均方根误差为3.6~5.8 K,其中晴空为2.6~4.9 K,云下为4.1~6.1 K;分析还表明目前官网产品FY-3D/MERSI和MWRI LST均存在缺值较多与精度偏低等问题,显示其存在较大改进潜力,这有利于进一步改进FY-3D LST融合质量。
基金supported by the Feng Yun Application Pioneering Project (FY-APP-2022.0502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42205140)。
文摘Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.
基金Supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(grant no.2019QZKK0105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1506603).
基金the National Natural Science Funds of China(Grant No.41875039)the Fengyun-3 meteorological satellite ground application system projectthe development of the application software for southwest regional road traffic using the Fengyun-3 satellite remote sensing monitoring service(Grant No.ZQC-J19193)are also appreciated to support this research。
文摘All-sky (i.e., clear, cloudy, and precipitating conditions) assimilation of microwave observations shows potentially positive impacts on the improvement of the forecasts of cloud-associated weather processes. In this study, a typical mei-yu heavy precipitation event that occurred in 2017 was investigated, and the Weather Research and Forecasting data assimilation (WRFDA) as well as its 3D-Var assimilation scheme (excluding cloud and precipitation control variables) were applied to assimilate the Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) Microwave Humidity Sounder-2 (MWHS-2) observations under clear- sky (excluding the observations that are strongly affected by ice clouds and precipitation) and all-sky conditions. Three experiments including a control experiment without assimilating any observations, clear-sky, and all-sky experiments with only FY-3C/MWHS-2 observations assimilated were carried out. The results show that the all-sky assimilation approach that provides more cloud and precipitation information and increased more than 10% of the satellite data usage than the clear-sky experiment. Meanwhile, as compared with the control experiment, the all-sky assimilation reduced nearly 0.5% of the root mean square errors in the humidity fields, leading to more accurate forecast performances regarding the distribution and intensity of heavy rainfall;but it exhibited a neutral to negative impacts on the wind and temperature. Although the system used to conduct all-sky assimilation is only able to adjust control variables for moisture-, wind-, and temperature- related variables in the presence of cloud and does not benefit directly from cloud or precipitation information, the positive effects on heavy rainfall forecasts achieved in this study indicate a potential future benefit regarding disaster prevention and mitigation.
文摘针对搭载于风云三号C星（FY-3C）上的微波湿温探测仪（Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder,MWHTS）,建立了海洋晴空大气条件下温湿廓线同时反演的一维变分反演系统.通过对影响反演精度的各个因素进行分析,确立了该系统的输入参数.对于FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温与快速辐射传输（Radiative Transfer Model for TOVS,RTTOV）模型的模拟亮温之间的偏差和角度依赖性,采用逐像元统计回归校正方法进行校正.选择西北太平洋海域晴空条件下的校正亮温数据进行温湿廓线的反演,并利用欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析数据集对反演结果进行验证,结果表明：反演的温度廓线和相对湿度廓线的最大平均偏差分别为1.09K和5.4%,最大均方根误差分别为1.48K和22.69%,与未校正亮温的反演结果相比,温度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小1.56K,湿度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小14.71%.反演温湿廓线与背景廓线的精度对比表明：反演的温度廓线在10~70hPa、300~350hPa和700~850hPa内的精度高于背景廓线的精度,而反演湿度廓线的精度除了825~875hPa,其他范围均高于背景廓线的精度,因此FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温的反演结果可进一步提高预报廓线精度.
