Characteristics and exploration targets of Chang 7 shale oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

The geological characteristics and enrichment laws of the shale oil in the third submember of the seventh member of Triassic Yanchang Formation(Chang 7_(3)) in the Ordos Basin were analyzed by using the information of core observations, experiments and logging, and then the exploration potential and orientation of the Chang 7_(3) shale oil were discussed. The research findings are obtained in three aspects. First, two types of shale oil, i.e. migratory-retained and retained, are recognized in Chang 7_(3). The former is slightly better than the latter in quality. The migratory-retained shale oil reservoir is featured with the frequent interbedding and overlapping of silty-sandy laminae caused by sandy debris flow and low-density turbidity current and semi-deep-deep lacustrine organic-rich shale laminae. The retained shale oil reservoir is composed of black shale with frequent occurrence of bedding and micro-laminae. Second, high-quality source rocks provide a large quantity of hydrocarbon-rich high-quality fluids with high potential energy. The source-reservoir pressure difference provides power for oil accumulation in thin interbeds of organic-poor sandstones with good seepage conditions and in felsic lamina, tuffaceous lamina and bedding fractures in shales. Hydrocarbon generation-induced fractures, bedding fractures and microfractures provide high-speed pathways for oil micro-migration. Frequent sandstone interlayers and felsic laminae provide a good space for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation, and also effectively improve the hydrocarbon movability. Third, sand-rich areas around the depression are the main targets for exploring migratory-retained shale oil. Mature deep depression areas are the main targets for exploring retained oil with medium to high maturity. Theoretical research and field application of in-situ conversion in low-mature deep depression areas are the main technical orientations for exploring retained shale oil with low to medium maturity.

Genetic model and exploration target area of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area, Xiamen, China

The geothermal resources in Fujian Province are mainly hydrothermal resources of medium-low temperature.To better understand the whole process and conditions of heat control in the middle and deep crust,this study focuses on the analysis of heat accumulation model in Hongtang Area of Xiamen,and the main conditions of the model such as faults and sags are explored and interpreted in detail by using gravity and wide-field electromagnetic methods.4 main faults(F33,F2,F12 and HT-F1)and 10 secondary faults(HT-F2,HT-F3,HT-F4,HT-F5,HT-F6,HT-F7,HT-F8,HT-F9,HT-F10 and HT-F11)were inferred,and the distribution range of sags was delineated.The convective geothermal system is composed of four components:Heat source,geothermal reservoir,heat-conductive fault and heat retaining cover,which form a quaternary heat accumulation model.According to the model,the intersection of the main faults F12,HTF1 and F33 can be delineated as the primary target area of geothermal exploration,while the intersection of the secondary faults(F12 and HT-F6;F12 and HT-F2;HT-F9,HT-F10 and F12;F12 and HT-F11;F33 and HT-F3;HT-F8 and HT-F3;HT-F2,HT-F10 and HT-F1)can be delineated as the secondary target area.Borehole DR01,which is located in the primary target area,shows that the water temperature increases from fast to slow in the depth range of 0–500 m,and stays at 36℃below 500 m.The reliability of the heat accumulation model and the target area was tested via geothermal boreholes,which is of great significance to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area of Xiamen.

Qinghai Petroleum Administration Has Set Its Near-Term Exploration Target

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The characteristics, formation and exploration progress of the potash deposits on the Khorat Plateau, Thailand and Laos, Southeast Asia

The giant potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau is one of the most promising targets for exploitation of potassium salts.So far,many researches and geologic survey have been conducted on the giant potash deposits.Hence,it is necessary to make an overall review on the potash deposits.The potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau was formed during the Middle to Late Cretaceous,during which seawater was enriched in Ca2+and depleted in SO42-compared with those of modern seawater.In addition to seawater,continental water and hydrothermal fluids could have affected the evaporite basins.The seawater was probably derived from Tethys ocean,and the brine should have evaporated to some extent before entering into the basin systems based on the evidence of absence of carbonates and unproportionate sulphate compared with chloride salts.The paleo-climate during Middle to Late Cretaceous was characterized as high temperature and extremely arid environment,which is favourable for deposition of potassium-magnesium saline minerals.The major saline minerals are of anhydrite,halite,carnallite,sylvite and,tachyhydrite,with trace amounts of borates.The resources of the potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau could be approximately as much as 400×109 t of carnallite and 7×109 t of sylvite.The evaporite sequences have been deformed and altered by postdepositinal processes,including tectonic movements and chemical alteration.Salt domes were formed in the postdepositional processes.Based on the analyses of geophysical surveys and drilling projects,high-quality sylvinite ores are commonly found at the flanks of those salt domes due to incongruent dissolution of carnallite.The furure potential prospecting areas for the highquality sylvinite ores would be on the edges of the Khorat Plateau.

Formation Conditions and Exploration-favoring Areas of Subtle Reservoirs in West Taibei Sag

At the initial stage of subtle reservoir exploration in the shallow to medium formations of the Taibei Sag, Tuha Basin, so far, three kinds of subtle reservoirs (stratigraphic, lithologic and structural-lithologic reservoirs) have been found. Since both the amount and reserve of the discovered subtle reservoirs are small, a great exploration potential remains in the Taibei Sag. The shallow to medium formations in the west of the Taibei Sag were divided into three second-order sequences and ten third-order sequences, of which the rising cyclothems of SQ(J2q) and SQ8 (J2s2) datum level are major exploration targets for the subtle reservoirs (lithologic). The depositional systems of Qiquanhu and Subashi braided river delta were developed there, where the sedimentary sand body is dominated by the regional slopes and slope break belts. There are four main modes the formation of lithologic traps: deltaic front onlap on the slope belt, deltaic front toplap on the slope break belt, lately tilted frontal sand body and sublacustrine fan—slope fan on the slope break belt, of which the first three modes are the major styles of the formation of subtle reservoirs. Major targets for subtle reservoir exploration in the near future include Putaogou Member on the north slope of Huoyanshan, the east slope of Pubei, the nose-like palaeohigh regions of Huobei, Subashi and Lianmuqin, around the Shengbei secondary sag.

Natural gas exploration potential and favorable targets of Permian Fengcheng Formation in the western Central Depression of Junggar Basin,NW China

Based on the organic geochemical data and the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the western Central Depression of Junggar Basin,combined with sedimentary environment analysis and hydrocarbon-generating simulation,the gas-generating potential of the Fengcheng source rock is evaluated,the distribution of large-scale effective source kitchen is described,the genetic types of natural gas are clarified,and four types of favorable exploration targets are selected.The results show that:(1)The Fengcheng Formation is a set of oil-prone source rocks,and the retained liquid hydrocarbon is conducive to late cracking into gas,with characteristics of high gas-generating potential and late accumulation;(2)The maximum thickness of Fengcheng source rock reaches 900 m.The source rock has entered the main gas-generating stage in Penyijingxi and Shawan sags,and the area with gas-generating intensity greater than 20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2) is approximately 6500 km^(2).(3)Around the western Central Depression,highly mature oil-type gas with light carbon isotope composition was identified to be derived from the Fengcheng source rocks mainly,while the rest was coal-derived gas from the Carboniferous source rock;(4)Four types of favorable exploration targets with exploration potential were developed in the western Central Depression which are structural traps neighboring to the source,stratigraphic traps neighboring to the source,shale-gas type within the source,and structural traps within the source.Great attention should be paid to these targets.

中国石油陆上中-高成熟度页岩油勘探现状、进展与未来思考

中国石油天然气集团公司(简称中国石油)矿权区陆相页岩油地质资源丰富,“十三五”资源评价,中国石油陆上中-高熟页岩油(简称页岩油)地质资源量201×108t,占中国页岩油地质资源总量的71%。鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段、松辽盆地青山口组和准噶尔盆地芦草沟组等重点层系的产量显著增长,中国石油页岩油年产量从2010年的2.5×10^(4)t增至2023年的391.6×10^(4)t,勘探潜力巨大。研究表明:近年来由于陆相不同类型页岩油具有地质特征非均质性强、富集高产因素明显差异的特点,其效益勘探存在地质认识与勘探技术的双重挑战。特别是:(1)夹层型页岩油虽在鄂尔多斯盆地长71+2亚段(延长组7段1+2亚段)实现规模勘探,但勘探靶体钻遇率变化大,深湖区细粒沉积体系研究薄弱,靶体空间展布刻画技术的准确性仍需提升;(2)混积型页岩油地层垂向厚度大、岩性频繁变化、发育多套地质甜点,在柴达木盆地、渤海湾盆地虽然实现了勘探突破,但垂向地质甜点产量差异明显,页岩油高产主控因素不清,主力靶体评价优选技术、方法仍需完善;(3)页岩型页岩油在松辽盆地青山口组实现了古龙页岩油勘探突破,但陆相湖盆不同类型页岩生、排烃差异明显,页岩原位滞留烃特征变化大,地质-工程一体化靶体评价技术、方法仍需深化研究。总体上中国石油页岩油勘探开发仍处于快速推进阶段,未来应:(1)加强淡水湖盆深湖区多类型砂体成因机制研究,实现薄层浊积砂体等夹层型页岩油效益勘探;(2)加强咸化湖盆富碳酸盐混积型页岩油源-储组合评价,优选主体靶体实现混积型页岩油高效勘探;(3)加强淡水、咸化湖盆优质源岩生、排烃差异性评价,优选最佳靶体,实现不同湖盆页岩型页岩油地质-工程一体化精细勘探。

准噶尔盆地中央坳陷西部下二叠统风城组天然气勘探潜力与重点领域

基于准噶尔盆地中央坳陷西部下二叠统风城组烃源岩有机地球化学、天然气组分和稳定碳同位素组成等分析数据,结合区域沉积环境与生烃演化模拟实验,评价风城组烃源岩的生气潜力,刻画规模有效源灶分布,厘定天然气成因来源,优选有利勘探领域。结果表明:(1)风城组为1套倾油型烃源岩,但滞留液态烃有利于晚期裂解成气,具有生气潜力大、晚期规模成藏的特点;(2)风城组烃源岩最大厚度可达900 m,盆1井西凹陷和沙湾凹陷已进入规模生气阶段,生气强度大于20×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2)的面积约6 500 km^(2);(3)环中央坳陷西部发现的碳同位素组成较轻的天然气主要为来自风城组烃源岩的高熟油型气,其他则为来自于石炭系煤系烃源岩的煤成气;(4)中央坳陷西部天然气勘探需重点关注源边构造型、源边地层型、源内页岩气型和源内构造型4种类型的有利勘探领域,其勘探潜力值得期待。

高开采价值小行星探测目标选择探讨

随着全球金属消费量不断攀升和地球能源日渐紧缺,开发利用小行星资源已成为有效解决矿产资源和能源储备问题的主要探索途径之一。首先根据小行星自身价值、开采利润和成本效益等,从众多小行星中筛选出高开采价值的目标范围;再综合分析轨道特性、尺寸大小和自转周期等约束因素对小行星探测可行性的影响,从技术限制角度筛选出未来几十年能实现开采的目标范围;最后,融合高开采价值和特定时间下低技术限制的初选目标,并从发射窗口、目标资源、成本效益和最小速度增量等方面对各目标进行更为详细的比对分析,优选出适合不同时间段探测任务的空间探测对象,从而为未来几十年高开采价值小行星探测目标选择提供参考。

四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统成藏特征与有序分布规律

基于四川盆地海相油气勘探现状和进展,以主力烃源岩为核心,依据成藏要素组合关系划分四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩全油气系统,并分析各个含油气系统的成藏特征,总结常规-非常规一体化成藏规律,指明未来有利勘探方向。研究认为:(1)受多期伸展-聚敛构造旋回的控制,四川盆地海相发育3套区域性烃源岩和3套区域性盖层,可划分出寒武系、志留系和二叠系3个全油气系统。3个全油气系统以独立成藏为主,单一系统内天然气具有亲缘性。同时,局部地区大型断裂带贯穿多套全油气系统,形成断控复式全油气系统。(2)全油气系统内普遍发育“陆棚相页岩气聚集—台缘相控气藏—台内断-相共控型气藏”的成藏序列,具有立体成藏、有序分布的规律。(3)优质烃源岩是大气田形成的基础,全油气系统内天然气具有近源和源内富集的规律,规模性储层的发育与保持是天然气富集的保障,“多元生烃、油气转化、动态调整”是海相油气成藏的特色,良好的保存条件是天然气成藏的关键。(4)大型台缘带礁滩相带、深层页岩气与通源断裂相关的大型岩性复合体是未来四川盆地海相油气勘探的主要方向。

模糊逻辑模型在珠勒地区遥感找矿中的应用

近年来遥感技术在地质矿产勘察中发挥着重要作用,基于多源遥感数据对蚀变矿物的提取在工作中大大缩减了靶区范围和时间成本。基于Landsat-9、ASTER和Sentinel-2遥感数据开展西藏珠勒地区的矿物蚀变信息的增强与提取。通过线性隶属函数将多源遥感数据主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)中的特征分量归一化后采用Fuzzy Gamma算子进行叠加绘制找矿靶区。实验中γ参数的设置分别是0.7、0.75、0.8、0.85和0.9,最终经过试验测定γ=0.85效果相对较好。实验共圈定了8个靶区,通过野外调查验证了该方法在高海拔地区靶区圈定的可行性。同时,野外调查结果显示该地区发育高硫型浅成低温热液蚀变矿物组合,具有斑岩-浅成低温热液矿床的成矿潜力。

地震方法在胶东地区西林断裂带深部金矿找矿预测中的应用与指示

西林断裂带与金及多金属矿化关系密切,具有较好的金矿资源潜力,查明其控矿断裂深部结构特征,是金矿勘查工作能否取得突破的关键与重点。本文在分析金矿成矿规律的基础上,通过开展反射地震方法研究,明确了胶东地区主要控矿断裂带产状变化的地震响应特征,指出:地震时间剖面上同相轴能量发生强弱变化、连续性变差部位,较大可能为断裂产状变化的指示,有良好的成矿可能。据此预测了成矿靶区并进行了验证。

基于GOCAD平台的西天山托克赛铅锌矿三维建模及深部靶区预测

托克赛铅锌矿是西天山别珍套山发现的中型SEDEX型铅锌矿,赋存于中元古界长城系一套白云岩地层中,且与闪长岩脉有强烈的空间的关系。通过对矿区地质工程及物探工程的综合整理,结合钻探及重、磁、电法等有效手段,对矿区开展了2500 m深度的综合探测,并利用GOCAD平台建立矿区0~2500 m的综合地质-物探三维模型,揭示深部矿体形态,预测深部找矿靶区,为今后深部找矿提供依据。

鄂尔多斯盆地风险勘探领域油气成藏认识新进展与勘探潜力

近年来,通过创新地质认识,突出风险勘探、强化规模勘探、精细效益勘探,鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探取得丰硕成果;2020—2022年,年产量均超过6000×10^(4)t油当量,其中风险勘探在“四新”领域的探索过程中发挥了重要作用。在前期研究工作的基础上,通过深化奥陶系盐下、二叠系太原组石灰岩、三叠系延长组长7段页岩油等领域油气成藏条件分析,创新形成“盐下源内白云岩丘滩体含气新系统”“太原组石灰岩‘三明治’成藏模式”“长73纹层型页岩油甜点标准和特有工艺改造技术”等成藏认识和技术成果,成为“十五五”及中长期油气勘探的接替领域。同时,突出“向源、向新、向深”的勘探理念,按重点攻关和区带准备两个层次,重新认识盆地低勘探程度区带油气成藏特征与勘探潜力,指出了今后一个时期风险勘探领域的前景与方向。其中重点攻关方向为已经发现勘探苗头且资源潜力较大的领域,优选出奥陶系海相页岩气、延长组下组合、煤系致密气及元古宇长城系等主要方向;区带准备则针对具备基本油气成藏条件,但研究程度较低且勘探难度较大的领域,提出中央古隆起周缘寒武系、西缘复杂构造区及盆地东部盐下马家沟组马三段—马二段新层系等具有较大勘探潜力目标。通过风险勘探领域的地质认识、成果总结和潜力分析,将实现盆地后备油气勘探区带的有序接替,以及起到对长庆油田二次加快发展战略需求重要的指导作用。

一种视觉机器人抓取控制策略算法研究

针对视觉机器人抓取目标的稳定性和准确性,提出一种关注探索方法的强化学习策略。采用深度关注的确定性策略梯度算法,利用关注区域建议网络来选择预勘探区域消息,并通过自适应探索方法计算该消息,以随着目标的变化调整策略。根据末端执行器与预勘探区域中心之间的距离,定义分层奖励函数,用于减少稀疏奖励矩阵带来的杂项信息。在Bullet3环境下进行了训练,实验结果表明:所提策略能够克服训练过程中可能出现的稳定性差和收敛效率低的问题,能产生抗噪声干扰的鲁棒控制,且具有较高的抓取成功率。

雄安新区起步区深部地热资源勘探靶区圈定

在前人探讨雄安新区部分地区的地热特征和地质特征(陈墨香等,1982,1994;阎敦实等,2000;郭世炎等,2013;戴明刚,2019)的基础上,本文集成2020年新开凿的地热井和地球物理资料,聚焦雄安新区,系统分析了起步区北部(XK02)勘查区块深部地质结构、断裂分布、地温场与水化学场等,揭示了区内深部地热资源赋存特征和形成机理,采用层次分析模型圈定了区内深部蓟县系雾迷山组地热资源的勘探靶区。

“地质资源勘查与评价”课程思政教学初探

课程思政教学在人才培养中发挥着非常重要的作用。“地质资源勘查与评价”课程兼具育人和育才双重目标,教学团队充分挖掘课程思政元素,将课程思政教学有机融入专业教学之中,并以学生为中心,从促进其健康成长、成材、成才和栋梁之材四个层次循序递进,从师资、教学设计、教学方法、教学案例库和课程思政素材库等多个方面保障课程教学目标的顺利实现。

共和盆地兰采温泉地区地热特征及干热岩靶区

干热岩大力开发有助于我国“双碳”目标的尽早实现,其中放射性生热是干热岩形成的重要因素之一,研究该类型干热岩地质特征和放射性生热特征,对选择该类型干热岩勘查目标区具有重要价值和现实意义。为此,以共和盆地兰采温泉群地区为线索,通过野外地质调查、地表放射性伽马测量、岩石放射性测试等手段,研究了高温温泉形成的地热地质条件和放射性特征,并依据地球物理勘查解译数据初步圈定了干热岩勘查目标靶区。研究结果表明:(1)兰采温泉地区擦拉更复式花岗岩体和羊智河—夏琼断裂与兰采温泉群的形成关系密切;(2)该区出露的中晚三叠世斑状二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状钾长花岗岩等岩体的生热率表现出异常高的生热率特征,是正常沉积盖层生热率的5~8倍;(3)基于大地电磁测深勘查解译,羊智河—哲格姜—夏琼断裂破碎带下伏低阻体,推测为侵入时代较晚、温度较高的“体中体”花岗岩体。结论认为,该区具有“体中体”地质结构的晚三叠世高放射性斑状钾长花岗岩体,可作为干热岩勘查的主要目标方向;下一步应查明复式岩体空间分布形态,研究复式花岗岩体与地热流体的关系以及对深部温度场的影响机理,进而为圈定干热岩勘查靶区提供更加确凿的依据。

东天山钨矿床时空分布、矿床类型及构造背景

东天山是中亚增生造山带的重要组成部分,蕴含了重要的铁、铜、镍、铅锌、金、钼、铷等矿床。近年来,东天山地区陆续发现了十余个大中型钨矿床,有望成为重要的钨矿资源基地。本文介绍了东天山地区钨矿床的地质特征、时空分布与构造背景,总结了东天山钨矿成矿规律,开展了成矿预测。东天山地区钨矿类型主要包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型及云英岩型,钨矿床的空间分布明显受控于前寒武纪结晶基底,成矿时间主要聚焦于三叠纪和晚石炭世。其中,中天山地块的矽卡岩型钨矿和东南缘的石英脉型钨矿形成于三叠纪,而中天山西南缘的矽卡岩型钨矿形成于晚石炭世,均与洋盆闭合之后的碰撞造山作用有关。根据东天山地区钨矿成矿规律,本文认为东天山地区钨矿找矿潜力巨大,提出了“前寒武纪基底+花岗岩+化探异常”的钨矿找矿预测思路,针对不同尺度的钨矿找矿勘查提出了建议。