Controllable optical bistability in a Fabry-Pérot cavity with a nonlinear three-dimensional Dirac semimetal

Optical bistability(OB)is capable of rapidly and reversibly transforming a parameter of an optical signal from one state to another,and homologous nonlinear optical bistable devices are core components of high-speed all-optical communication and all-optical networks.In this paper,we theoretically investigated the controllable OB from a Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavity with a nonlinear three-dimensional Dirac semimetal(3D DSM)in the terahertz band.The OB stems from the third-order nonlinear bulk conductivity of the 3D DSM and the resonance mode has a positive effect on the generation of OB.This FP cavity structure is able to tune the OB because the transmittance and the reflectance can be modulated by the Fermi energy of the 3D DSM.We believe that this FP cavity configuration could provide a reference concept for realizing tunable bistable devices.

MZI/FPI Fiber Optic Dual-parameter Sensor Based on a Double Cone and Air Cavity Structure(Invited)

This paper proposes a Mach Zehnder/Fabry Perot Interferometer(MZI/FPI)fiber sensor based on Single-mode Fiber(SMF)and Hollow-core Fiber(HCF),which has high sensitivity to temperature and lateral loads.The proposed device consists of two single-mode fiber cones formed by manually controlling the fusion splicer and an air cavity formed by fusing a section of hollow-core fiber.The structure of the sensor is a double cone cascaded air cavity.At the beginning of the design,we compared the basic transmission spectra of single cone structure and double cone structure experimentally,and therefore chose to use double cone structure and air cavity cascade.Light undergoes its first reflection at the first interface between the single-mode fiber and the air cavity structure,and its second reflection at the second interface between the air cavity structure and the single-mode fiber.The two reflected light waves produced by the two reflections form FP interference,which can be used to measure lateral loads.The transmitted light is excited through the first cone,and a portion of the core mode light is excited to the cladding,while another portion of the core mode light continues to propagate in the core.The light couples at the second cone,and the cladding mode light couples back into the core,forming MZ interference with the core mode light,which can be used to measure temperature.The use of hollow-core fiber to form an air cavity has little effect on transmitted light,while avoiding the problem of crosstalk in dual parameter measurements.By designing temperature and lateral load experiments,this article verifies the sensitivity characteristics of this sensor to temperature and lateral loads.A significant redshift phenomenon was observed in the temperature experiment.A significant redshift phenomenon also occurred in the lateral load experiment.Through wavelength demodulation,the experimental results show that the wavelength sensitivity of the sensor to temperature is 56.29 pm/℃in the range of 30℃to 80℃.The wavelength sensitivity of the sensor to lateral loads is 1.123 nm/N in the range of 0~5 N.In addition,we have prepared multiple sets of fiber optic sensors with this structure and conducted repeated experiments to verify that the sensing performance of this structure of fiber optic sensors for temperature and lateral load is relatively stable.Also,the different waist diameters of cones will have a certain impact on the transmission spectrum of MZ,while the length of the air cavity will also have a certain impact on the reflection spectrum of FP.This article lists some fiber optic sensors for dual parameter measurement of temperature and lateral load.Compared with the listed sensors,the fiber optic sensor proposed in this article has better sensitivity to temperature and lateral load.And the fiber optic sensor proposed in this article has a simple manufacturing process,low production cost,and good performance,which has certain prospects in scientific research and industrial production.

一种高性能Fabry-Pérot贴片天线设计

提出了一种新的极化转换单元结构,可作为覆层用于设计具有高辐射性能的微带贴片天线.通过采用在介质基板上下表面涂覆的矩形金属贴片切角的方式,实现了传输系数主极化及交叉极化幅度差和相位差在9.0~12.8 GHz频段范围内分别稳定在±3 dB及90°±15°之间,从而取得了宽带极化转换性能,最后在微带贴片天线辐射的线极化波的激励下,实现了-10 dB反射系数带宽为2.8 GHz(9.0~11.8 GHz),3 dB轴比带宽为11.0~11.5GHz,峰值增益为9.8 dBic,这为新体制雷达天线的设计应用提供了一种新思路.

Bifurcated overtones of one-way localized Fabry-Pérot resonances in parity-time symmetric optical lattices

Since the first observation of parity-time（PT） symmetry in optics, varied interesting phenomena have been discovered in both theories and experiments, such as PT phase transition and unidirectional invisibility, which turns PT-symmetric optics into a hotspot in research. Here, we report on the one-way localized Fabry-Pérot（FP） resonance, where a welldesigned PT optical resonator may operate at exceptional points with bidirectional transparency but unidirectional field localization. Overtones of such one-way localized FP resonance can be classified into a blue shifted branch and a red shifted branch. Therefore, the fundamental resonant frequency is not the lowest one. We find that the spatial field distributions of the overtones at the same absolute order are almost the same, even though their frequencies are quite different.

填充密度对非对称Fabry−Pérot纳米腔结构色色相和饱和度的影响

基于Fabry-Pérot(F-P)纳米腔创建的结构色,在高分辨率显示、高密度光学数据存储和防伪等领域有巨大的应用潜力。本研究针对包含不同底层金属材料和中间介质材料的四种非对称F-P纳米腔结构,保持纳米腔尺寸恒定,通过改变周期性纳米腔阵列的填充密度调控结构色的颜色属性,使用时域有限差分法(FDTD)分析探究了填充密度对色相和饱和度的影响。实验结果发现,通过改变填充密度可以有效实现对生成结构色的色相和饱和度的调控,提供了以固定的腔厚度扩展干涉结构色色域的自由度。本研究对使用非对称F-P纳米腔实现广色域、高饱和度和高分辨率的结构色有指导性意义。

A power and wavelength detuning-dependent hysteresis loop in a single mode Fabry-Prot laser diode

In this paper, we observe experimentally the optical bistability induced by the side-mode injection power and wave- length detuning in a single mode Fabry-P6rot laser diode （SMFP-LD）. Results show that the bistability characteristics of the dominant and injected modes are strongly dependent on the injected input optical power and wavelength detuning in an SMFP-LD. We observe three types of hysteresis loops： counterclockwise, clockwise, and butterfly hysteresis with various loop widths. In the case of a bistability loop caused by injection power, the transition from counterclockwise to clockwise in the hysteresis direction with the wavelength detuning from 0.028 nm to 0.112 nm is observed in a way of butterfly hys- teresis for the dominant mode by increasing the wavelength detuning. The width of hysteresis loop, induced by wavelength detuning is also changed while the injection power is enhanced from -7 dBm to -5 dBm.

结构参数对领结型纳米孔等离子体光镊共振效应的影响

等离子体光镊可以将光场能量限制在纳米级的体积内,从而产生较大的梯度力对粒子进行捕获和操纵。使用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法对金膜上的领结型纳米孔进行数值分析,结果表明,在波长为400~2 000 nm范围内存在两种模式的共振,分别为Fabry-Pérot共振和等离子体共振。Fabry-Pérot共振对金膜厚度比较敏感,随着金膜厚度增加,共振峰发生90 nm的红移;而等离子体共振峰随着孔径和孔间距的增加向波长更大的方向偏移;通过模拟粒子捕获,发现与其他材料的粒子相比,金粒子会导致等离子体共振峰发生更大的偏移,且随着粒子从结构外运动至结构底部,共振峰会持续发生红移。本研究对实际应用中纳米结构的制备具有参考价值,且在单分子操纵、生物传感等方面具有重要意义。

Non-volatile dynamically switchable color display via chalcogenide stepwise cavity resonators

High-resolution multi-color printing relies upon pixelated optical nanostructures,which is crucial to promote color display by producing nonbleaching colors,yet requires simplicity in fabrication and dynamic switching.Antimony trisulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is a newly rising chalcogenide material that possesses prompt and significant transition of its optical characteristics in the visible region between amorphous and crystalline phases,which holds the key to color-varying devices.Herein,we proposed a dynamically switchable color printing method using Sb_(2)S_(3)-based stepwise pixelated Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavities with various cavity lengths.The device was fabricated by employing a direct laser patterning that is a less timeconsuming,more approachable,and low-cost technique.As switching the state of Sb_(2)S_(3) between amorphous and crystalline,the multi-color of stepwise pixelated FP cavities can be actively changed.The color variation is due to the profound change in the refractive index of Sb_(2)S_(3) over the visible spectrum during its phase transition.Moreover,we directly fabricated sub-50 nm nano-grating on ultrathin Sb_(2)S_(3) laminate via microsphere 800-nm femtosecond laser irradiation in far field.The minimum feature size can be further decreased down to~45 nm(λ/17)by varying the thickness of Sb_(2)S_(3) film.Ultrafast switchable Sb_(2)S_(3) photonic devices can take one step toward the next generation of inkless erasable papers or displays and enable information encryption,camouflaging surfaces,anticounterfeiting,etc.Importantly,our work explores the prospects of rapid and rewritable fabrication of periodic structures with nano-scale resolution and can serve as a guideline for further development of chalcogenide-based photonics components.

Demonstration of orbital angular momentum channel healing using a Fabry‐Pérot cavity

Orbital angular momentum （OAM） mode division provides a promising solution to push past the already exhausted available degrees of freedom available in conventional optical communications. Nevertheless, the practical deploymentof OAM within a free-space optical （FSO） communications system is still hampered by a major challenge, namely that OAM-based FSO links are vulnerable to disturbances. Though several techniques, such as using various non-diffraction beams and multiple transmit–receive apertures, are proposed to alleviate the influence of disturbances, these techniquessignificantly reduce the performance with regard to combating single fading for spatial blockages of the laser beam byobstructions. In this work, we initially demonstrate that a Fabry-Pérot resonant cavity has the ability to implement OAM mode healing, even for a blocking percentage of over 50%. Consequently, the proposed method will expand the use ofOAM in the FSO secure communications and quantum encryption fields.

Monitoring the Turmeric Finger Disease and Growth Characteristics Using Sensor Based Embedded System —A Novel Method

In this cyber era, novelty plays a prime role in the field of agriculture that majorly depends on computer-based measurements and control. Herein before, it was totally controlled and performed by the agriculturists. One of the technological innovative methods to measure and monitor the turmeric finger growth characteristics is the embedded system that is based on sensor array module such as flex sensor, temperature sensor and pH sensor. The experimental work has been designed and tested with five set of nodes and the growth of turmeric finger is tenuously monitored by measuring the change in flex resistance. Out of five nodes, two nodes were diseased. Deliberately, one node was left as such and the other node was treated with natural pesticides (pseudomonas and viride) to restrict the rhizome rot disease attack. After cultivation, it was found that the rhizome rot disease attack on the node which was treated with pesticides was comparatively lesser than the other node. The five different nodes have been used in the experimental work with an average flex sensor resistance of 3.962 cm/kΩ. In a nutshell, this proposed method manifests the farmers to detect the rhizome rot disease at its earlier stage and to prevent it as well by screening the growth of the turmeric fingers when it is under the soil.

基于多层F-P谐振腔的石墨烯吸波体设计

为了研究当单层石墨烯位于多层Fabry-Pérot(F-P)谐振腔中时,系统近全吸波模式与多层F-P谐振腔数目之间的关系,同时提高系统对吸波模式的调控能力,采用严格耦合波分析法,对石墨烯多层F-P谐振腔系统的吸波响应进行了研究,分析了临界耦合条件下双层和3层F-P谐振腔结构的光谱响应特征。结果表明,双层和3层F-P谐振腔可调谐近全吸波体,分别形成了两个99%以上和3个96%以上的近全吸波模式;通过对石墨烯掺杂可以实现对3层F-P谐振腔系统吸波特性的调节,通过改变3层谐振腔的结构可以控制系统吸收模式的数量和相对位置。该研究为可调近全吸波系统引入更丰富的吸波线型。

Fiber-optic Fabry-Prot strain sensor based on graded-index multimode fiber

By using a graded-index multimode fiber （GI-MMF） with a relatively flat index profile and high refractive index of the fiber core, a microextrinsic fiber-optic Fabry Prot interferometric （MEFPI） strain sensor is fabricated through chemical etching and fusion splicing. Higher reflectance of the microcavity is obtained due to the less-curved inner wall in the center of the fiber core after etching and higher index contrast between the GI-MMF core and air. The maximum reflection of the sensor is enhanced 12 dB than that obtained by etching of the Er- or B-doped fibers. High fringe contrast of 22 dB is obtained. The strain and temperature responses of the MEFPI sensors are investigated in this experiment. Good linearity and high sensitivity are achieved, with wavelength-strain and wavelength-temperature sensitivities of 7.82 pm/με and 5.01 pm/°C, respectively.

Asymmetric Fabry-Pérot interferometric cavity for fiber optical sensors

Good linearity and wide dynamic range are the advantages of asymmetric Fabry-Pérot （F-P） interferometric cavity, whose realization has been long for. Based on optical thin film characteristic matrix theory, an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity with good linearity and wide dynamic range is designed. And by choosing the material of two different thin metallic layers, the asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity is successfully fabricated. The design theory and method of this asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity have been described in detailed. In this paper an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity used in fiber optical sensor is reported.

Solid-state quantum nodes based on color centers and rare-earth ions coupled with fiber FabryePérot microcavities

High-performance optical quantum memories serving as quantum nodes are crucial for the distribution of remote entanglement and the construction of large-scale quantum networks.Notably,quantum systems based on single emitters can achieve deterministic spin–photon entanglement,which greatly simplifies the difficulty of constructing quantum network nodes.Among them,optically interfaced spins embedded in solid-state systems,as atomic-like emitters,are important candidate systems for implementing long-lived quantum memory due to their stable physical properties and robustness to decoherence in scalable and compact hardware.To enhance the strength of light-matter interactions,optical microcavities can be exploited as an important tool to generate high-quality spin–photon entanglement for scalable quantum networks.They can enhance the photon collection probability and photon generation rate of specific optical transitions and improve the coherence and spectral purity of emitted photons.For solid-state systems,open Fabry–Pérot cavities can couple single emitters that are not in proximity to the surface,avoiding significant spectral diffusion induced by the interfaces while maintaining the wide tunability,which enables addressing of multiple single emitters in the frequency and spatial domain within a single device.This review described the characteristics of single emitters as quantum memories with a comparison to atomic ensembles,the cavity-enhancement effect for single emitters and the advantages of different cavities,especially fiber Fabry–Pérot microcavities.Finally,recent experimental progress on solid-state single emitters coupled with fiber Fabry–Pérot microcavities was also reviewed,with a focus on color centers in diamond and silicon carbide,as well as rare-earth dopants.

基于nRF2401的汽车发动机转速遥测系统

介绍一种基于nRF2401的汽车发动机转速遥测系统。采用外夹式传感器采集汽车发动机转速信息,进行整形,通过nRF2401进行数据传输,接收后利用单片机AT89C2051进行频率变换并驱动液晶显示结果。由于nRF2401具有高传输速率,因此最终实现了汽车发动机的转速遥测。

单片机转矩转速测量仪

文章介绍了单片机转矩转速测量仪的结构特点和工作原理,同时提供了反映该仪器测量精确度的测试结果。

基于三种不同微腔状态的F-P干涉型高灵敏度温度传感器

设计了一种基于法布里-珀罗干涉结构的温度传感系统。分别利用空气、蒸馏水、5%NaCl溶液、无水乙醇、甲醇以及有机硅橡胶作为传感器的温度敏感材料,以提高温度灵敏度。实验结果表明,当腔内介质为空气时,F-P干涉结构的温度灵敏度与腔长成反比;而当液体材料作为腔内介质或固体材料作为F-P型检测探针时,腔的长度几乎不会影响结构的温度灵敏度,因为此时波长漂移的主要原因是材料热光系数的改变,温度灵敏度与材料的热光系数成正比。实验中,甲醇作为热光系数绝对值最高的液体,充满法布里-珀罗腔时温度灵敏度为-564 pm/℃,而固化后的有机硅橡胶直接作为法布里-珀罗型检测探针时温度灵敏度可高达1.15 nm/℃。该温度传感结构具有体积小、重复性好、灵活可塑性强等优点,在温度传感领域具有潜在的应用价值。

一种低剖面、低RCS兼具高增益特性的覆层微带天线设计

设计了一种低剖面覆层微带天线,兼具高增益、低雷达散射截面积RCS特性。覆层单元上表面为加载集总电阻的方环贴片,具有吸波和部分反射特性,下表面为"十"字开槽的金属镀层,将覆层与上表面加载同相反射特性的AMC单元的原始微带天线一体化设计,因覆层厚度可作为部分反射路径以及加载同相反射AMC单元,极大降低剖面。另一方面覆层上表面与AMC单元形成Fabry-Pérot谐振腔,改善天线辐射特性。仿真与实测结果表明:相对于原始天线,该覆层天线在整体厚度只有7mm的前提下,反射系数|S11|<-10dB带宽由原来的13.84～15.24 GHz稍频偏到13.8～15.36 GHz;增益也得到较好的改善,在14.40～15.42GHz增益提高了3dB以上,最大提高增益6.29dB;天线在6～17GHz频段内有不同程度RCS的减缩,在宽角域内实现了RCS减缩,其中6dB减缩带宽为8.86～13.56GHz,最大减缩量为14.8dB。

高反射腔镜双折射效应对腔增强光谱技术的影响

在吸收光谱技术中,使用光学腔增长激光与气体介质的作用路径,可提升探测灵敏度.然而,高反射率腔镜会存在双折射效应,导致光学腔产生两个本征偏振态,入射光在两个偏振方向相移的不同会导致腔模的分裂,会引起腔增强光谱信号以及腔衰荡光谱信号的扭曲.本文观测到了双折射效应下腔增强信号的频率分裂现象,并给出了函数模型,拟合结果表明其可以准确得到透射腔模中不同偏振光的比例.根据上述比例,可给出考虑不同耦合效率、双折射效应下的腔衰荡信号模型,实验结果表明相较于传统e指数模型,本文模型可更精确描述腔衰荡信号,得到拟合残差的标准偏差最大抑制了9倍.该分析有利于改善腔衰荡信号信噪比和不确定性,提升其浓度反演准确度.

A 23.75-GHz frequency comb with two low-finesse filtering cavities in series for high resolution spectroscopy

A laser frequency comb with several tens GHz level is demonstrated,based on a Yb-doped femtosecond fiber laser and two low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities（FPCs） in series.The original 250-MHz mode-line-spacing of the source comb is filtered to 4.75 GHz and 23.75 GHz,respectively.According to the multi-beam interferences theory of FPC,the side-mode suppression rate of FPC schemes is in good agreement with our own theoretical results from 27 dB of a single FPC to43 dB of paired FPCs.To maintain long-term stable operation and determine the absolute frequency mode number in the23.75-GHz comb,the Pound-Drever-Hall（PDH） locking technology is utilized.Such stable tens GHz frequency combs have important applications in calibrating astronomical spectrographs with high resolution.