Screen-and-Treat Approach in Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer among HIV-Infected Women in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos Nigeria

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, the second most common cancer in Nigeria and the most common cause of cancer-related death in Africa. In 2020, World Health Organization in its updated guidelines recommended cervical cancer screening using HPV DNA, HPV mRNA tests and subsequent treatment as appropriate. However, in resource-poor settings, Visual Inspections with Acetic Acid (VIA), Lugol’s Iodine (VILI) and subsequent treatment of precancerous lesions with thermal ablation remain the practical approaches. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and associated risk factors among Women Living with HIV (WLHIV). Methods: A retrospective study on sexually active WLHIV aged 16 - 55 years screened for cervical cancer using VIA and VILI within 16 months period in Faith Alive Hospital Jos. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS 26. Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants and the screening results were presented in frequency tables, and logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors of pre-cancerous lesions. Results: 1113 women were screened for cervical cancer using VIA/VILI. 994 (89.3%) were negative, 101 (9.1%) were positive for precancerous lesions, and 18 (1.6%) were suspicious of cervical cancer. The mean age of clients with pre-cancerous lesions was 41.32 ± 9.89 years. A higher positivity yield (69.4%) was found in ages between 36 and ≥55 years while a less positivity yield (30.6%) was found in age’s ≤ 35 years. History of STI had 1.64 fold risk association with precancerous lesions. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions among WLHIV;bimodal age distribution for cancer-suspicious lesions and risk associated with STI. Thus, a “screen-and-treat” approach to cervical cancer prevention by VIA and thermal ablation in resource-poor settings should be undertaken until widespread HPV testing to triage clients is feasible.

环论中Faith三大猜测的进展

环论中Faith三大猜测 (FGF猜测、Faith Menal猜测和Faith猜测 )是指右FGF环、强右Johns环以及左完全右内射环均为QF环 .其中R是右FGF环指任一个有限生成右R模可嵌入自由模的环 ,强右Johns环是指右Norther左FP内射环 .本文介绍了Faith三大猜测的历史背景及最新进展 ,给出了右CF环及右Johns环为右Artin环的条件 。

“信”和“Faithfulness”对中西方翻译实践的影响

"信"和"faithfulness"是中西方传统翻译理论中两个有关翻译原则的重要概念。由于翻译原则以及建构其上的翻译理论对各自文化中的翻译实践有指导意义,因而具体的翻译策略和译文的社会影响就会产生不少差异,主要表现在三个方面:译文形式与原文形式在考虑上的优先性、译文在目标语文化体系中的角色以及译者的社会地位。

Faithfulness:the Basic Standard for Chinese-English Contract Translation

Contract,as a legal agreement,stipulates the obligations and rights for both the buyer and the seller,therefore the appropriateness of contract translation is highly required. This paper first demonstrates that "faithfulness" is the basic standard for Chinese-English (thereafter shortened as C-E) contract translation. Then by using some examples to illustrate how the criteria of "faithfulness" is put into practice.

Loss of Faith in Mathew Arnold's Poem Dover Beach

The poem by Mathew Arnold is filled with a sense of sadness,expressing the poet’s bitter disappointment over modern civilization in which meaningless wars are fought for meaningless causes.Then the poet finally turns to love as the saving emotion in the poem.With analyses of the poem in different areas,the paper discuses the crises facing people at that time as the theme of the poem.

Faithfulness and Similarity in Spirit――An Appreciation of Liu Shicong's English Translation Wild Grass

As a modern famous translator,Liu Shicong believes that literary translation should be faithful to the content of the original text and more importantly,it should convey its artistic effect,which includes the style,spirit and verve of the original text,namely transmitting the spirit of the original text.Based upon this translation principle,the paper aims to analyze and compare his English translation Wild Grass with the source text written by Xia Yan in the aspects of being faithful to the original text and transmitting the verve of the original text,thus proving that the principles for prose translation initiated by Liu Shicong are applicable and effective.

Exploring the Importance of Faithfulness and Creation in Translation

This paper discusses the importance of faithfulness and creation in translation on the basis of various theories. It argues that faithfulness should be placed first in translation, then creation.

Christian Faith Rush in Rural Areas and Social Work Intervention

To make the public have rational knowledge of the Christian faith rush in rural areas and guide coordinated development of Christianity with the socialist society, we analyzed reasons and complex influence on rural social development from aspects of society and individual and attraction of Christianity by the Literature Analysis Method. In view of its negative effect, we put forward several countermeasures from the perspective of social work intervention, such as improving farmers' overall qualities, promoting effective implementation of social security system, and correcting believers' understanding of Christianity. Finally, we introduced situation of Christian faith in other countries and reference and directive significance to China.

Assisting individuals with diabetes in the COVID-19 pandemic period:Examining the role of religious factors and faith communities

With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,diabetes management has become more challenging than it has ever been.Studies on the management of diabetes during this time are required.Unfortunately,the lack of information on the potential role of religious factors and faith communities in diabetes management during the COVID-19 era prevents us from fully understanding the issue of diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic period.People with chronic conditions such as diabetes may benefit from some form of religious support from faith communities and their ability to cope could be fostered by some religious factors.It is unclear how religious factors and faith communities contribute to diabetes management.In this article,the authors examine how people with diabetes can be aided in the COVID-19 pandemic period from the perspective of religious factors and faith communities.Based on the studies identified,it appears that religious factors and faith communities play an important role in managing diabetes among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abraham’s Conception of God and Righteousness Through Faith

Abraham was justified by God because of his faith alone before he received the sign of circumcision which was then kept by the Israelites,his descendants.According to Paul and later Luther,justified Christians who were not born as Jews are similar to Abraham,although they more specifically believe in Jesus Christ as their Savior.Without any creeds of Judaism or Christianity,Abraham’s conception of God was not deep and abstract as today’s theology allows,but his experience was recorded in the Genesis by Moses under oral tradition and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.Many present Christians worldwide hold that despite their own limited understanding of God and his revelation in the Bible which has been fully written,they are justified or may be justified,so they are comparable to Abraham.The righteousness of God never changes.Not only can we comprehend the gradual revelation of God in the Bible,but we also can study the consistence of faith and righteousness in the Old and New Testament through Abraham,and thus we can better understand the justification faith through grace of Luther who holds a realistic view on the concept of church as does Paul.Compared with the faith defined by Aquinas who represents the medieval standard,the one defined by Luther is more consistent with what the Apostle Paul teaches.In conclusion,the paper supports the translation of the Bible with realism.

From Faith Healer to a Medical Doctor: Creating Biomedical Hegemony

The present research was conducted in Zandra village of Ziarat district in the province of Balochistan. Anthropological research techniques were used to collect empirical data. In this article, an effort has been made to understand the natives’ cultural beliefs and practices in health care sector. The main focus of this research was to understand the nature of development, internal and external factors responsible for the changes and the actual beneficiaries of the development. An effort has also been made to find out the health care systems working in the village which included both faith healing and allopathic medicines. Initially the natives were using traditional and spiritual healing systems, but now as their economic condition and literacy rate are increasing, they are more inclined towards the modern methods of treatment. During the last 3 decades, many changes have been witnessed. Awareness through media and shift from subsistence to market economy have increased the use of allopathic medicines due to the fact that the natives have started opting for secondary sources of income. Besides, researcher’s endeavor to explore the shift from traditional to modern healthcare and the disparity between natives’ health related beliefs and practices, the impact of which has been analyzed in light of world system theory at micro level.

Arab Foreign Aid in the View of Islamic Faith

In the field of international development assistance,Arab foreign aid has become an indispensable component because of its strength,proportion,and scope.Compared with traditional aid countries,Arab donor countries pay more attention to the infrastructure construction and economic development indicators of recipient countries.In addition to taking into account the needs of foreign policy and economic development,they also strictly adherence to the Islamic teachings.This paper focuses on the analysis of Arab foreign aid from the perspective of religious motives,which contains the most central part of Islam,such as Islam’s commitment to the ideal realm of“goodness”,the“Worshipping Allah and benevolence”as the core values of its teachings,and the linking of Muslim beliefs and good deeds.In concrete practice,Arab foreign aid is guided by the charitable concept of Islam;it is committed to strengthening Arab solidarity,practicing the humanitarian spirit,and playing an increasingly important role in the international aid system.

HIV Prevalence amongst Pregnant Women Clients Attending Antenatal Clinic at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT Centre, Jos Plateau State

Introduction: HIV infection and AIDS is a public health problem worldwide, particularly affecting the populace in resource challenged setting like sub-saharan Africa. Women of reproductive age are mostly affected and infected with the HIV disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 216 randomly selected women that booked for antenatal care at the Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos between 1st July to 31st December, 2014 was carried out. Information regarding age, parity, gestational age at booking, educational status and HIV sero-status of the clients was analysed. Screening test was conducted in a serial two step approval using determine and UNIGOLD as the confirmatory test, while STAT-PAK was the tie-beaker with discordant result as per the national algorithm. Positive samples were confirmed by western blot method. Result: A total of 18 women out of the 216 women studied were positive giving a sero-prevalence rate of 8.3%. The highest sero-prevalent rate was amongst 25 - 29 years age group (31.5%). Women of parity 1 - 4 constituted the highest group of 62.9%. Majority of the women 65.7% booked in the second trimester while 26.9% booked in the 3rd trimester. Most of the women 47.2% had secondary school education while only 5.6% of them had no form of education. Conclusion: HIV infection prevalence rate among antenatal attendants at Faith Alive Foundation and PMTCT centre Jos is still high. Multisectorial approach and intervention strategies should be further scaled up for the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus. However, it is worth noting that it is mainly an HIV/AIDS hospital which should have affected the outcome.

Keeping Faith & Honouring Contracts

The Chongqing Branch of the China National Packaging Import and Export Corporation is an economic entity integrating trade with industry and technology. It specializes in importing and exporting packaging materials and a range of other commodities in Chongqing.

Faithfulness in Translation

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Collapse of Goodman Brown' s Faith:Perspective from Freudian Psychoanalytical Theories

This article, by applying Freudian psychoanalytical theories, offers a new interpretation on Young Goodman Brown written by Na thaniel Hawthorne. Firstly, by analyzing the Theory of Drive (especially the death theory), it points out that " evil" is one of human in stincts, and the whole story stems from this very instinct. Then, the article focuses on the mental struggles and the collapse of Brown' s faith from perspective of Freudian Personality Structure. At last, it concludes that Brown' s mental sufferings lie in the fierce conflicts be tween his id, ego and super-ego and his mental disorder is caused by his faith collapse.

Loss of Faith: A Preliminary Study of Young Goodman Brown

Young Goodman Brown is one of the most popular short stories written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Since its publication,quite a lot of analyses have been made of this short but excellent story. In reading the book, one can never miss those symbolic meanings. However, with an analysis of the journey which Brown takes, the artistic skills and symbolic images carefully employed by Hawthorne, this thesis aims at describing the loss of faith, and also attempting to seek the reasons for Brown's tragedy and find possible solution to this dilemma of faith crisis.

Faith and Meaning:A Study of the Chinese Translation of Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream by Liang Shiqiu from the Perspective of Topology

Topology,as a branch of mathematics,studies on the invariability of topological spaces after topological transformation,whose essence is topological equivalence.From the perspective of cultural inheritance and coherence,translation is essentially topological deformation.In literary translation,complete equivalence is almost impossible.Topological equivalence can be used to transform the text dynamically,which means that the translation remains the fundamental properties of the original text.Therefore,people can understand the meaning of the text based on another culture from different cultural backgrounds.From the view point of topology,the present paper purports to examine Liang Shiqiu’s translation of Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream,and found that the translation remains the features of source text by rendering effective topological strategies to realize topological equivalence and promote cultural exchanges between China and the West.

A NEW FORMULATION OF BERNSTEIN-BEZIER BASED SMOOTHNESS CONDITIONS FOR pp FUNCTIONS

In this note, we establish a new formulation of smoothness conditions for piecewise polynomial (: =pp) functions in terms of the B-net representation in the general n-dimensional setting. It plays an important role for 2-dimensional setting in the constructive proof of the fact that the spaces of polynomial splines with smoothness rand total degree k≥3r+2 over arbitrary triangulations achieve the optimal approximation order with the approximation constant depending only on k and the smallest angle of the partition in [5].

Exploring the Multivariate Relationships between Adolescent Depression and Social Support, Religiosity, and Spirituality in a Faith-Based High School

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders that affect adolescents. In this study, we investigated how depression in adolescents relates to social support, religiosity, and spirituality in multivariate analyses. We also investigated whether age, gender and ethnicity are predictors of depression among adolescents in a faith-based high school. We measured social support using the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS), religiosity with the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL);spirituality with the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS);and depression with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Results of the bivariate analyses showed a significant negative association between depression and social support, religiosity, and spirituality (p –0.548, p = 0.00) was negatively related to depression in adolescents. The study found significant gender differences only in religiosity, while significant ethnic differences were only found in social support. Implications to education, practice, research and future directions of study are discussed.