Storage dynamics of fallen trees in a mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest

A study of the storage dynamics in the mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forests was carried out in the Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province, P. R. China. The modifying law of fallen trees was the storage dynamics of the existing fallen trees and the annual input in the mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest. The current storage of fallen trees was 16.25 t昲m-2 in the initially, but after 100 years, 85% of the storage in dry weight was decomposed, and little material was left after 300 years. The average annual input of fallen trees was 0.6 t昲m-2and it increased with time to 31.0 t昲m-2after 200 years, which was maintained until the climax community ended. The total storage of fallen trees increased in the early stage. The decomposition of fallen trees eventually reached equilibrium with storage being identical with the annual input of fallen trees.

Falling Tree or Fallen Tree?

《英语辅导报》2000-2001学年度第14期(高二版),7—9单元阶段验收题,笔试部分Ⅱ课本要点A)单项选择题,第9小题: The roof was badlydamaged by a——tree inthe great storm last night. A.fall B.fallen C.fallingD.failed 原参考答案为:B 到底是falling tree还是fallen tree?我们先来分析一下现在分词与过去分词作定语时之语意表达功能: 1.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语从其语意功能看:a)

Effect of Environmental Gradients on the Quantity and Quality of Fallen Logs in Tsuga longibracteata Forest in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, Fujian Province,China

We investigated the quantity and quality 0f fallen l0gs in different Tsuga l0ngibracteata f0rest c0mmunities in the Tianba0yan Nati0nal Nature Reserve. We used redundancy analysis t0 determine the spatial distributi0n 0f fallen l0gs in the different f0rest c0mmunities and t0 analyze the relati0nships am0ng stand structure, t0p0graphic fact0rs and human disturbance. The v0lume, c0vered area, mean l0g length and number 0f fallen l0gs differed significantly am0ng f0rest types （P 〈 0.05）, but mean diameter at breast height sh0wed n0 significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The l0g v0lume and c0vered area in different f0rest types sh0wed the f0ll0wing trend： T. l0ngibracteata pure f0rest 〈 T. l0ngibracteata ＋ Olig0staehyum scabrifl0rur 〈 T. l0ngibraeteata ＋ hardw00d 〈 Rh0d0dendr0n simiarum ＋ T. l0ngibraeteata 〈 T. l0ngibraeteata ＋ Phyll0stachys heter0cycla pubescens. The spatial distributi0n patterns 0f l0gs quantity and quality indicated that l0g v0lume and c0vered area were str0ngly affected by envir0nmental fact0rs in the f0ll0wing 0rder： human disturbance 〉 elevati0n 〉 sl0pe p0siti0n 〉 b0le height 〉 tree height 〉 sl0pe aspect 〉 density 〉 basal area 〉 sl0pe gradient. The relative c0ntributi0n 0f envir0nmental variables 0n the t0tal variance was t0p0graphy （76%） 〉 disturbance （42%） 〉 stand structure （35%）. T0p0graphy and disturbance c0mbined explained 8.2% 0f the variance. Fallen l0~s auantitv and aualitvwere negatively related t0 elevati0n and sl0pe p0siti0n, and p0sitively ass0ciated t0 human disturbance. The l0g v0lume decreased fr0m n0rthern t0 s0uthern sl0pes. Envir0nmental fact0rs had the highest impact 0n class I （slightly decayed）, and l0west impact 0n class V （highly decayed）.

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand

Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed.

Experimental approaches and analytical technique for determining heavy metals in fallen dust at ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan,Egypt

In this study aimed to evaluate the pollution extent of metals and nonmetals inside and outside the ferrosilicon production factory in Edfu, Aswan, Egypt, raw materials (quartz, cokes, iron oxides), ferrosilicon alloy, silica fume, dust and suspended dust (at different sites) samples were collected from the factory, and fallen dust samples were collected from outside the factory, horizontally (at different sites and different distance and directions) and vertically (at different floors in the selected buildings). Gravimetric methods, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), flame photometer, wide range carbon determinator and atomic absorption spectroscopy tools were used for elements determination. The results indicating that the fallen dust and its element contents on southern factory walls being higher than those on eastern factory walls may be due to the nature of the dusts and effects of wind force and wind direction. Fallen dust levels in different regions outside the factory were found to be affected by the distance, direction and floors. The nature of dust samples was affected by gravity and the suspended dust in different factory units depended on the work capacity and method of handling materials by personnel in different production units. Silica fume was a complicated problem, had dangerous effect against the workers' health, and was characterized by high concentrations of SiO2(90.6%～93.6%) and heavy metals (Mn, 420.6×10-6～520.3×10-6; Fe, 2354×10-6～2685×10-6; Co, 80.7×10-6～101.6×10 6 and Ni,5.3× 10-6～6.05× 10-6). The TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) levels in all factory units were higher than the recommended air quality value (70 μg/m3) under Egyptian law. The effect of ferrosilicon factory fallen dust on the surrounding regions decreased with increasing distance between the factory and these regions. The suspended dust samples in the factory units and their components greatly exceeded national and international standards, so health and environmental criteria must be enforced on these units.

Fallen wood decomposition of Pinus koraiensis and Tilia amurensis

Fallen wood decomposition rate ofPinus koraiensis andTilia amurensis in broadleaved Korean pine forest was studied in this paper. The result showed that decomposition rate of fallen wood was different from that of little diameter wood and coarse woody debris for the same tree species. Fallen wood decomposition was generally rotten from outside to inside. And decomposition speed of fallen woods was different according to tree species and site, and it was also related to diameter of fallen woods. Decomposition depth ofTilia amurensis fallen wood for 17 years was 14 cm, but that ofPinus koraiensis in the same condition was less than 7 cm.Tilia amurensis was decomposed faster thanPinus koraiensis. For same tree species, if the diameter was small, the decomposition speed was quick.

Effect of Fallen Wood of Abies fabri Forest on Seedling Recruitment in Tibet Sygera Mountain

The impact on seedling recruitment by fallen wood of A. fabri forest in Tibet Sygera Mountain was studied. The results showed that regenerated seedlings on fallen wood roughly showed normal distribution,and there were more regenerated seedlings in the middle of fallen wood,while regenerated seedlings were fewer at two ends. Fallen wood at level IV had the most regenerated seedlings,followed by level-III fallen wood,and regenerated seedlings were the fewest on fallen wood at level V. The number and species of regenerated seedling on and around fallen wood on the west slope were more than that on the east slope. With the improvement of decomposition level,regenerated seedling per unit area firstly increased and then decreased,but the number of regenerated seedling on and around fallen wood was far more than that in woodland.

The Effects of Multilocus Heterozygosity on the Longevity of Seedlings Established on Fallen Logs in <i>Picea jezoensis</i>and <i>Abies sachalinensis</i>

Seedling establishment on fallen logs is a major regeneration system for tree species in boreal forests. Seedling survival on fallen logs is affected not only by the microsite environment but also by the genetic factors of individuals. To quantify the genetic effects on seedling longevity, we identified seedlings using a number tag system and collected needles of Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis established on fallen logs in spring 2006. Survival or death of each seedling was investigated during 2006-2012. We genotyped seedlings with microsatellite markers and calculated individual-based multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) for each seedling. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate the effects of MLH on seedling longevity of the two species considering the fallen log conditions. The model indicated that MLH positively affected seedling longevity in P. jezoensis, whereas the effects of MLH were not significant in A. sachalinensis. Here, we discuss differences in the effects of MLH on seedling longevity between the two species, considering species characteristics and MLH frequency distribution.

A Study on the Translation of Love in a Fallen City from the Perspective of Three Dimensional Transformation of Eco-Translatology

Love in a Fallen City is one of Eileen Chang’s representative works and translated by Karen Kingsbury.The ecological environment of translation restricts and influences the translator’s choice of translation strategies,methods and techniques in the process of translation.According to the eco-translatology,translation is a transformation from language dimension,culture dimension and communication dimension.This article analyzes the three-dimensional transformation between the source language and the target language in the English version of Love in a Fallen City,and holds that a good translation must be the translator’s effective adaptation to the ecological environment including the source language,the source culture and the target culture.

汉译英训练(20) 杀人(下)

少年说：＂你管不着。＂＂我管得着。＂＊牛儿说着去拉少年的蛇皮袋,少年踢了牛儿一脚,惹急了牛儿,牛儿对着少年的脸就是一拳4。＂唉哟。＂哀叫的不是少年,却是牛儿。再定睛看,没少年的影。自己鼻子却流了血。真是碰见了鬼。第二天,有村人问：＂＊牛儿,你的脸咋肿成那样5？＂

写没落主题 抒人类情怀——《喧哗与骚动》与《尘埃落定》比较

作家对人类命运的关注,可称为作家的"人类情怀","没落"主题最能体现作家的人类情怀。《喧哗与骚动》和《尘埃落定》都是以没落主题体现作家人类情怀的作品,而且它们同时都采取了"白痴视角"。

船舶废气锅炉烧塌原因分析及预防措施

文章针对某轮船舶废气锅炉烧塌的现象,系统分析了废气锅炉烧塌的机理和原因,并根据该轮的实际情况提出了若干预防措施。

Understanding of mineral change mechanisms in coal mine groundwater reservoir and their influences on effluent water quality:a experimental study

This paper presents results of an experimental study to characterize the law of mineral change of fallen rock in coal mine groundwater reservoir ant its influence on water quality.The minerals of the underground reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine is taken as the research object.Simulation experiments were designed and conducted to simulate water–rock action in the laboratory.The mineral composition was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),the surface morphology of the mineral was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the specific surface area,total pore volume and average pore diameter of the mineral were measured by fast specific surface/pore analyzer(BET).The experimental results show that the sandstone and mudstone in the groundwater reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine account for 70%and 30%,respectively.The pore diameter is 15.62–17.55 nm,and pore volume is 0.035 cc/g.Its pore structure is a key factor in the occurrence of water–rock interaction.According to the water–rock simulation experiment,the quartz content before the water–rock action is about 34.28%,the albite is about 21.84%,the feldspar is about 17.48%,and the kaolinite is about 8.00%.After the water–rock action,they are 36.14%,17.78%,11.62%,and 16.75%,respectively.The content of albite and orthoclase is reduced while the content of kaolinite is increased,that is,the Na+content becomes higher,and the Ca2+and Mg2+contents become lower.This research builds a good theoretical foundation for revealing the role of water and rock in underground coal reservoirs.

“抓”字的常见动词英译法

为表达“用手(爪)拿取(捉)……”这样一个意思,汉语里常简练地用一个“抓”字,如,“抓特务'、“抓飞奔着的惊马”、“抓稻草”等。在现代汉语里“抓”字又常用于转义,具有“将事物控制在手中,加以支配”的引伸含义,如“观察事物要抓(掌握)本质”。由于“抓”字具有上述特色,英译时就不能千篇一律地译为catch或seize。

湿陷性黄土深孔重夯加固振动试验研究

对采用深孔重夯法加固湿陷性黄土地基所产生的振动影响进行了试验,归纳出了振动在湿陷性黄土中的衰减规律,分析了加固振动对毗邻建筑及人体舒适度的影响,同时,分析了黄土振陷产生的原因及条件。试验及分析结果表明:深孔重夯的施工振动在湿陷性黄土中的衰减迅速,一般不会对毗邻的建筑产生破坏性影响,湿陷性黄土也不会产生振陷,但可能会影响一定范围内人的舒适度。

TUMOR PROMOTOR PMA INDUCES CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE AND LEVELS OF SOD ACTION OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA

In this report,the PMA-induced chromosomeaberration rates (CAR) of cultured peripheralblood cells of 10 untreated esophageal cancer and14 normal subjects were studied.At the same time,the levels of SOD of midium ultrafiltrates fromPMA-treated cultures after 1 ed 48 h were deter-minated.

The Empidemiology of Wheat Rosette Stunt in Hulunbeir District of Inner-Mongolia

The virus disease threatening wheat production in Hulunbcir District of Inner - Mongolia was identified as NCMV (Northern Cereal Mosaic Virus) or WRSV (Wheat Rosette Stunt Virus) by tests of host range, transmission, virus particle and scrology. The main vector for spreading the virus is planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), which overwinters in the stubbles of wheat underground. The overwintered virulifcrous nymphs emerged in late April is responsible for the early infection of the disease. Agropyron repens, an important perennial weed in cultivated regions, is also an important wild host of the virus and its vector. Severe loss is induced when wheat is infected before 3 - leaf stage. The disease incidence could be predicted by a model with the population and virulifcrous rate of overwintered vectors as independent variables.

China to be World's Largest Retail Market by 2018

E-commerce is becoming a focus for retailers and brand owners.China is expected to become the world’s largest retail market by 2018,though its retail’s growth rate is slowing,as revealed in a recent report by PwC.China retail’s growth rate has fallen from a peak of 15.6%in 2009,yet China remains irresistible to global retail chains.China is still expected to achieve average annual retail volume growth of 8.7%in the next two years.

修饰连词的副词

英语中的连词有时也受副词的修饰。现分类介绍如下。一、soon,long,shortly,just,even,only,ever;和especially等常用以修饰引导时间状语从句的连词。 1.Soon after we left the house,it started to rain.我们刚离开屋子。

The Whisper Test

grew up knowing I was different, and I hated it. Iwas born with a cleft palate, and when I started schoolmy classmates made it clear to me how I must look toothers: a little girl with a misshapen lip, crooked nose,lopsided teeth and garbled speech. When schoolmates would ask, 'What happened toyour lip?' I’d tell them I’d fallen and cut it on a pieceof glass. Somehow it seeemed more acceptable to