In Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), the operation costs represent one of the big challenges for researchers. They are apart from the IDS cost acquisition and they comprise the costs of maintenance, administration, r...In Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), the operation costs represent one of the big challenges for researchers. They are apart from the IDS cost acquisition and they comprise the costs of maintenance, administration, response, running and errors reactions costs. In the present paper, we focus on the missed reactions which include False Positive (FP) and False Negative (FN) reactions. For that a new optimization cost model is proposed for IDS. This optimization proposes a minimal interval where the IDSs work optimally. In simulation, we found this interval as a trade-off between the damage costs and the FP.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) can improve the precision of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) categorization. METHODS: A total of 230 patients with 235 solid breast lesion...AIM: To determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) can improve the precision of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) categorization. METHODS: A total of 230 patients with 235 solid breast lesions classified as BI-RADS 4 on conventional ultrasound were evaluated. CEUS was performed within one week before core needle biopsy or surgical resection and a revised BI-RADS classification was assigned based on 10 CEUS imaging characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CEUS-based BI-RADS assignment with pathological examination as reference criteria. RESULTS: The CEUS-based BI-RADS evaluation classified 116/235(49.36%) lesions into category 3, 20(8.51%), 13(5.53%) and 12(5.11%) lesions into categories 4A, 4B and 4C, respectively, and 74(31.49%) into category 5. Selecting CEUS-based BI-RADS category 4A as an appropriate cut-off gave sensitivity and specificity values of 85.4% and 87.8%, respectively, for the diagnosisof malignant disease. The cancer-to-biopsy yield was 73.11% with CEUS-based BI-RADS 4A selected as the biopsy threshold compared with 40.85% otherwise, while the biopsy rate was only 42.13% compared with 100% otherwise. Overall, only 4.68% of invasive cancers were misdiagnosed.CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that evaluation of BI-RADS 4 breast lesions with CEUS results in reduced biopsy rates and increased cancer-to-biopsy yields.展开更多
Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of clinical care but accurate diagnosis is not easily reached in some cases.In rare instances,even a sophisticated multidisciplinary team at an academic medical center cannot relia...Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of clinical care but accurate diagnosis is not easily reached in some cases.In rare instances,even a sophisticated multidisciplinary team at an academic medical center cannot reliably reach an accurate diagnosis after extensive testing and imaging,and has to wait until histological diagnosis or even autopsy results are available.The underlying reason of challenging diagnoses is mostly conflicting data from history,tests,and imaging that point to different diagnoses.In this issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases,Huffaker et al reported such a challenging case of a tricuspid mass in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.The case by Huffaker et al powerfully illustrates the occasional diagnostic challenges inherent in our current diagnostic approach and the current technology.Clinicians should realize that in rare situations,agnosticism in diagnosis is unavoidable but a treatment has to be initiated so long as the principle of primum non nocere is upheld.展开更多
目的:探究产前彩色多普勒超声评估胎儿生长受限(FGR)的价值,分析超声诊断假阴性的影响因素。方法:选择2019年10月至2023年7月于我院行产前彩色多普勒超声诊断为FGR并获得产后随访确诊的118例胎儿作为FGR真阳性组,60例产前彩色多普勒超...目的:探究产前彩色多普勒超声评估胎儿生长受限(FGR)的价值,分析超声诊断假阴性的影响因素。方法:选择2019年10月至2023年7月于我院行产前彩色多普勒超声诊断为FGR并获得产后随访确诊的118例胎儿作为FGR真阳性组,60例产前彩色多普勒超声诊断为FGR阴性而产后确诊为FGR的胎儿作为FGR假阴性组。比较首次检查时两组间不同孕周的超声参数;比较两组胎儿的临床资料,采用随机森林算法及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的因素;构建多因素Logistic回归模型并评价其预测效能。结果:孕12~14周假阴性组胎儿的腹围、股骨长明显长于真阳性组,血流收缩末期峰值(S)/舒张末期峰值(D)明显低于真阳性组(P<0.05);孕15~27周假阴性组胎儿的腹围、股骨长明显长于真阳性组(P<0.05);孕28~37周假阴性组胎儿的腹围明显长于真阳性组(P<0.05);随机森林算法及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕期增重高于标准、妊娠糖尿病、胎方位为臀位、分娩胎龄>40周、胎儿性别为男性、腹围增加是影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的危险因素(P<0.05);当模型预测超声诊断FGR假阴性概率为0.85时,约登指数最大(74.46),敏感度为86.45%,特异度为88.01%,逻辑回归拟合优度检验结果显示模型Bootstrap验证前后的Nagelkerke R 2=0.602。结论:随着孕周的增加(12~37周),首次超声检查诊断FGR真阳性和假阴性胎儿间存在显著差异的指标数量逐渐减少,孕期增重、妊娠糖尿病、胎方位等是影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的危险因素。展开更多
To detect security vulnerabilities in a web application,the security analyst must choose the best performance Security Analysis Static Tool(SAST)in terms of discovering the greatest number of security vulnerabilities ...To detect security vulnerabilities in a web application,the security analyst must choose the best performance Security Analysis Static Tool(SAST)in terms of discovering the greatest number of security vulnerabilities as possible.To compare static analysis tools for web applications,an adapted benchmark to the vulnerability categories included in the known standard Open Web Application Security Project(OWASP)Top Ten project is required.The information of the security effectiveness of a commercial static analysis tool is not usually a publicly accessible research and the state of the art on static security tool analyzers shows that the different design and implementation of those tools has different effectiveness rates in terms of security performance.Given the significant cost of commercial tools,this paper studies the performance of seven static tools using a new methodology proposal and a new benchmark designed for vulnerability categories included in the known standard OWASP Top Ten project.Thus,the practitioners will have more precise information to select the best tool using a benchmark adapted to the last versions of OWASP Top Ten project.The results of this work have been obtaining using widely acceptable metrics to classify them according to three different degree of web application criticality.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to understand the detection effect of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kit.[Methods]Six brands of kits were used to detect pesticide residues in vegetables.The detection results were...[Objectives]The paper was to understand the detection effect of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kit.[Methods]Six brands of kits were used to detect pesticide residues in vegetables.The detection results were compared with those of 50 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides and 10 kinds of carbamate pesticides detected by chromatography and mass spectrometry.According to different thresholds,the test results of different kits were evaluated,and the false positive rate,false negative rate and coincidence rate of each kit were obtained.The test results of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kits were compared and analyzed.[Results]The detection effect of kit D was the best among the 6 brands of kits,and the coincidence rate was the highest under the 7 thresholds.There was a certain relationship between the detection effect of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kit and the determination threshold of positive samples.The false positive rate decreased with the increase of determination threshold,and the false negative rate increased with the increase of determination threshold,but the coincidence rate with chromatography and mass spectrometry can not reach 100%.When the threshold was set to 20%,the effect was the best.The coincidence rate of 3 brands of kits with the results of chromatography and mass spectrometry was the highest,and none of the 6 kits involved in the comparison had the lowest coincidence rate under this threshold.[Conclusions]It is suggested to modify the threshold values in national standard and trade standard.展开更多
文摘In Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), the operation costs represent one of the big challenges for researchers. They are apart from the IDS cost acquisition and they comprise the costs of maintenance, administration, response, running and errors reactions costs. In the present paper, we focus on the missed reactions which include False Positive (FP) and False Negative (FN) reactions. For that a new optimization cost model is proposed for IDS. This optimization proposes a minimal interval where the IDSs work optimally. In simulation, we found this interval as a trade-off between the damage costs and the FP.
文摘AIM: To determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) can improve the precision of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) categorization. METHODS: A total of 230 patients with 235 solid breast lesions classified as BI-RADS 4 on conventional ultrasound were evaluated. CEUS was performed within one week before core needle biopsy or surgical resection and a revised BI-RADS classification was assigned based on 10 CEUS imaging characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was then conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CEUS-based BI-RADS assignment with pathological examination as reference criteria. RESULTS: The CEUS-based BI-RADS evaluation classified 116/235(49.36%) lesions into category 3, 20(8.51%), 13(5.53%) and 12(5.11%) lesions into categories 4A, 4B and 4C, respectively, and 74(31.49%) into category 5. Selecting CEUS-based BI-RADS category 4A as an appropriate cut-off gave sensitivity and specificity values of 85.4% and 87.8%, respectively, for the diagnosisof malignant disease. The cancer-to-biopsy yield was 73.11% with CEUS-based BI-RADS 4A selected as the biopsy threshold compared with 40.85% otherwise, while the biopsy rate was only 42.13% compared with 100% otherwise. Overall, only 4.68% of invasive cancers were misdiagnosed.CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that evaluation of BI-RADS 4 breast lesions with CEUS results in reduced biopsy rates and increased cancer-to-biopsy yields.
文摘Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of clinical care but accurate diagnosis is not easily reached in some cases.In rare instances,even a sophisticated multidisciplinary team at an academic medical center cannot reliably reach an accurate diagnosis after extensive testing and imaging,and has to wait until histological diagnosis or even autopsy results are available.The underlying reason of challenging diagnoses is mostly conflicting data from history,tests,and imaging that point to different diagnoses.In this issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases,Huffaker et al reported such a challenging case of a tricuspid mass in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.The case by Huffaker et al powerfully illustrates the occasional diagnostic challenges inherent in our current diagnostic approach and the current technology.Clinicians should realize that in rare situations,agnosticism in diagnosis is unavoidable but a treatment has to be initiated so long as the principle of primum non nocere is upheld.
文摘目的:探究产前彩色多普勒超声评估胎儿生长受限(FGR)的价值,分析超声诊断假阴性的影响因素。方法:选择2019年10月至2023年7月于我院行产前彩色多普勒超声诊断为FGR并获得产后随访确诊的118例胎儿作为FGR真阳性组,60例产前彩色多普勒超声诊断为FGR阴性而产后确诊为FGR的胎儿作为FGR假阴性组。比较首次检查时两组间不同孕周的超声参数;比较两组胎儿的临床资料,采用随机森林算法及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的因素;构建多因素Logistic回归模型并评价其预测效能。结果:孕12~14周假阴性组胎儿的腹围、股骨长明显长于真阳性组,血流收缩末期峰值(S)/舒张末期峰值(D)明显低于真阳性组(P<0.05);孕15~27周假阴性组胎儿的腹围、股骨长明显长于真阳性组(P<0.05);孕28~37周假阴性组胎儿的腹围明显长于真阳性组(P<0.05);随机森林算法及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕期增重高于标准、妊娠糖尿病、胎方位为臀位、分娩胎龄>40周、胎儿性别为男性、腹围增加是影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的危险因素(P<0.05);当模型预测超声诊断FGR假阴性概率为0.85时,约登指数最大(74.46),敏感度为86.45%,特异度为88.01%,逻辑回归拟合优度检验结果显示模型Bootstrap验证前后的Nagelkerke R 2=0.602。结论:随着孕周的增加(12~37周),首次超声检查诊断FGR真阳性和假阴性胎儿间存在显著差异的指标数量逐渐减少,孕期增重、妊娠糖尿病、胎方位等是影响超声诊断FGR假阴性的危险因素。
文摘To detect security vulnerabilities in a web application,the security analyst must choose the best performance Security Analysis Static Tool(SAST)in terms of discovering the greatest number of security vulnerabilities as possible.To compare static analysis tools for web applications,an adapted benchmark to the vulnerability categories included in the known standard Open Web Application Security Project(OWASP)Top Ten project is required.The information of the security effectiveness of a commercial static analysis tool is not usually a publicly accessible research and the state of the art on static security tool analyzers shows that the different design and implementation of those tools has different effectiveness rates in terms of security performance.Given the significant cost of commercial tools,this paper studies the performance of seven static tools using a new methodology proposal and a new benchmark designed for vulnerability categories included in the known standard OWASP Top Ten project.Thus,the practitioners will have more precise information to select the best tool using a benchmark adapted to the last versions of OWASP Top Ten project.The results of this work have been obtaining using widely acceptable metrics to classify them according to three different degree of web application criticality.
基金Supported by Construction Project of Zhengzhou Agricultural Product Quality Testing Center[YFGNJ(2011)1778]Construction Project of Zhengzhou Testing and Inspection System[ZNJ(2012)12]Construction Project of Zhengzhou Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Traceability System[ZFGNJ(2013)126]。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to understand the detection effect of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kit.[Methods]Six brands of kits were used to detect pesticide residues in vegetables.The detection results were compared with those of 50 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides and 10 kinds of carbamate pesticides detected by chromatography and mass spectrometry.According to different thresholds,the test results of different kits were evaluated,and the false positive rate,false negative rate and coincidence rate of each kit were obtained.The test results of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kits were compared and analyzed.[Results]The detection effect of kit D was the best among the 6 brands of kits,and the coincidence rate was the highest under the 7 thresholds.There was a certain relationship between the detection effect of commercial enzyme inhibition colorimetric kit and the determination threshold of positive samples.The false positive rate decreased with the increase of determination threshold,and the false negative rate increased with the increase of determination threshold,but the coincidence rate with chromatography and mass spectrometry can not reach 100%.When the threshold was set to 20%,the effect was the best.The coincidence rate of 3 brands of kits with the results of chromatography and mass spectrometry was the highest,and none of the 6 kits involved in the comparison had the lowest coincidence rate under this threshold.[Conclusions]It is suggested to modify the threshold values in national standard and trade standard.
