On the Different Ways to Handle the Trend of Disease Risk in Genetic Association Tests

Genetic association studies usually apply the simple chi-square (χ2)-test for testing association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and a particular phenotype, assuming the genotypes and phenotypes are independent. So, the conventional χ2-test does not consider the increased risk of an individual carrying the increasing number of disease responsible allele (a particular genotype). But, the association tests should be performed with the consideration of this disease risk according to the mode of inheritance (additive, dominant, recessive). Practical demonstration of the two possible methods for considering such order or trends in contingency tables of genetic association studies using SNP genotype data is the purpose of this paper. One method is by pooling the genotypes, and the other is scoring the individual genotypes, based on the disease risk according to the inheritance pattern. The results show that the p-values obtained from both the methods are similar for the dominant and recessive models. The other important features of the methods were also extracted using the SNP genotype data for different inheritance patterns.

Implicit Hypotheses Are Hidden Power Droppers in Family-Based Association Studies of Secondary Outcomes

Family-based tests of association between a genetic marker and a disease constitute a common design to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits. The FBAT software is one of the most popular tools to perform such studies. However, researchers are also often interested in the genetic contribution to a more specific manifestation of the phenotype (e.g. severe vs. non-severe form) known as a secondary outcome. Here, what we demonstrate is the limited power of the classical formulation of the FBAT statistic to detect the effect of genetic variants that influence a secondary outcome, in particular when these variants also impact on the onset of the disease, the primary outcome. We prove that this loss of power is driven by an implicit hypothesis, and we propose a derivation of the original FBAT statistic, free from this implicit hypothesis. Finally, we demonstrate analytically that our new statistic is robust and more powerful than FBAT for the detection of association between a genetic variant and a secondary outcome.

Seroprevalence, Importance of Rapid Testing and Factors Associated with HBsAg Carriage in Pregnancy in Three Referral Maternity Hospitals in Mono (Benin), in 2020

Introduction Difficulties in accessing the screening test for viral hepatitis B in maternity wards could be a factor in underestimating the prevalence of anti-HBV antibodies. The rapid diagnostic orientation test (RDOT) could improve seroprevalence and obstetrical prognosis. The aim of this study was to use the rapid diagnostic orientation test (RDOT) to determine the seroprevalence of HBs antigen carriage in pregnant women while highlighting the associated factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study that took place from October to December 2020 (three months) in three (03) reference maternities in western Benin (Mono). Consenting pregnant women received in prenatal consultation had been screened by RDOT. Positive cases were confirmed by ELISA test. The follow-up of these cases made it possible to establish the obstetrical prognosis. Results Of 201 women studied, 11 (5.5%) were positive for RDOT HBV and confirmed by the ELISA test. The factors associated with HBsAg carriage during pregnancy were multiple sexual partnerships (p = 0.01), female circumcision (p = 0.0001), and ignorance of prior HBV serological status (p = 0.0001). No influence of hepatitis B on pregnancy was noted. Conclusion The seroprevalence of hepatitis B in pregnancy was intermediate in the reference maternities of western Benin. The associated factors were multiple sexual partnerships, female circumcision and unawareness of prior HBV status. Free RDOT in maternity wards would improve early detection and management of viral hepatitis B in pregnancy.

Replace Psychometric Inferences with Direct Brain Measurements: LORETA Reflects Traditional Cerebral Loci for Neuropsychological Tests

Inferences of subtle cerebral injury and dysfunction have been historically dependent upon psychometric tests from which clinical neuropsychological profiles are generated. In addition to being secondary, over-inclusive and crude indicators of cerebral activity, psychometric tests are subject to economic incentives to “re-norm” traditional methods under the pretense of “ensuring” contemporary representations that are sanctioned by regulating organizations dominated by agendas of control over the interpretations of clinicians. The validity of neuropsychological tests is essential for their perspicacious application and interpretations. We measured the quantitative electroen-cephalographic profiles and calculated s-LORETA (standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) profiles in real time for normal men and women while they engaged in both traditional and novel neuropsychological tests that were employed to infer localized brain injury. Conspicuous alterations in source current density within specific frequency bands occurred within various regions of the right prefrontal region during performance of the Category, Design Fluency and Conditioned Spatial Association Test, the prefrontal medial surface during Toe Graphaesthesia, the caudal medial surface during Toe Gnosis, the left temporal region during Speech-Sounds, and within the right retrosplenial-parahippocampal region for Seashore Rhythms. Results supported the well established regional associations with the classic neuropsychological tests, verified the cerebral localization with more recent procedures, and emphasized the utility of modern real-time, direct cerebral imaging procedures.

Association of ABO blood group and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Dore Bafeno Area,Southern Ethiopia

Objective:To assess the distribution of ABO blood group and their relationship with Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum) malaria among febrile outpatients who sought medical attention at Dore Bafeno Health Center,Southern Ethiopia.Methods:A total of 269 febrile outpatients who visited Dore Bafeno Health Center,Southern Ethiopia,were examined for malaria and also tested for ABO blood groups in January 2010.The blood specimens were collected by finger pricking,stained with Geimsa,and examined microscopically.Positive cases of the parasitemia were counted.CareStart^(TM) Malaria PflPv Combo was also used to test the blood specimens for malaria.ABO blood groups were determined by agglutination test using ERYCLONE antisera.Data on socio-demographic characteristics and treatment status of the participants were also collected.Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to assess the difference between frequencies and means,respectively.Results:Out of a total of 269 participants,178(66.2%) febrile patients were found to be infected with Plasmodium parasites,among which 146(54.3%),28(10.4%),and 4(1.5%) belonged to P.falciparum,P.vivax,and mixed infections,respectively.All febrile patients were also tested for ABO blood groups and 51.3%,23.5%,21.9%and 3.3%were found to be blood types of 0,A,B and AB,respectively.Both total malaria infection and P.falciparum infection showed significant association with blood types(P<0.05).The proportion of A or B but not 0 phenotypes was higher(P<0.05) in individuals with P.falciparum as compared with non-infected individuals.The chance of having P.falciparum infection in patients with blood groups A,B and AB was 2.5,2.5 and 3.3times more than individuals showing blood 0 phenotypes,respectively.The mean P.falciparum malaria parasitemia for blood groups A,B,AB,and 0 were 3 744/μ L,1 805/ μ L,5 331/μ L,and1 515/μ L,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusions:The present findings indicate that individuals of blood groups A,B and AB are more susceptible to P.falciparum infection as compared with individuals of blood group O.Nevertheless,further in depth studies are required to clearly establish the role that ABO blood group plays in P.falciparum malaria.

Association between the related characters of hemispatial neglect and prognosis in stroke patients

OBJECTIVE： To recognize the significances of the classification, evaluation, treatment, pathogenesis, etiological factors and related loci of hemispatial neglect （HSN） in the treatment and prognosis of stroke patients. DATA SOURCES： Articles related to HSN in stroke published in English from January 1985 to December 2002 were searched in Medline database by using the keywords of ＂stroke, hemispatial neglect （HSN）, rehabilitation＂. Chinese relevant professional works and articles were also referred to. STUDY SELECTION： The data were primarily checked. Inclusive criteria： ① articles about the HSN symptoms in stroke; ② articles about the classification, evaluation, treatment, pathogenesis, etiological factors and related loci of HSN, as well as the treatment and prognosis of stroke. The repetitive studies or reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION ： Totally 474 articles related to HSN in stroke were collected, 43 of them were involved and 431 repetitive studies or reviews were excluded. DATA SYNTHESES： HSN can be classified as sensory neglect and motor neglect. Because HSN is caused by the injury of network structure which mediated directed attention, it is generally believed that the inferior parietal Iobule of dominant hemisphere is the most closely correlated with neglect. The main theories related to the pathogenesis of HSN at present include ＂internal instruction＂, ＂directed bradykinesia＂, ＂sensory attention＂, etc. The main clinical manifestations are setover in drawing lines, picture drawing towards one side, imitation towards one side, picture description towards one side, etc., which can be evaluated by the line bisection test, target cancellation test, picture drawing test and pegboard test. The most important thing for the treatment is to make the patients continuously concentrate on the neglected side. CONCLUSION： HSN is an indicator for the bad outcome of cerebrovascular disease, the symptoms take longer time to rehabilitate with slow recovery, but quite a few HSN patients will get good prognosis if timely treatment and proper program are given.

应用于食品检测领域的分子即时检测技术研究进展

食品安全问题关系人类民生。为有效预防和控制食品安全风险,减少食品安全经济损失,迫切需要开发出针对食源性病原体、食物掺假、转基因作物的高特异性、高敏感性、快速的核酸检测技术。即时检测(point-of-care testing,POCT)作为一种新兴的快速检测手段,由于其检测速度快、操作简单、现场检查等特点,在食品检测领域应用广泛。本文首先介绍了POCT技术的发展历史,而后根据食品安全事件的特点,从食源性致病菌、食物掺假、转基因作物3个方向分析了食品检测的主要对象,阐述了分子POCT技术在食品检测领域的应用现状,最后对应用于食品检测领域的分子POCT技术存在的问题和解决办法进行了分析总结,对食品检测分子POCT技术的发展方向进行了展望。本文有助于进一步了解分子POCT技术在食品检测中的应用,并为分子POCT技术在食品快速检测中的研究和应用提供参考。

基于赋权Apriori算法的新型列车运行控制系统故障定位方法

新型列车运行控制系统作为保障我国西部高原铁路运营安全的核心技术装备,具有通信网络复杂、故障模式多、参数输入域广、参数维度高等特点。针对西部高原铁路新型列车运行控制系统多输入参数组合测试问题,选取临时限速场景,提出一种赋权关联规则的故障定位方法。首先,分析新型列车运行控制系统结构及临时限速功能的实现过程,按照层次化理论建立临时限速场景参数输入表,生成测试用例;然后,根据测试用例执行结果,以欧氏距离模型分别计算输入参数组合之间和测试用例之间的相似度,并为各个输入参数组合分配故障致因权重;接着,在输入参数组合与执行结果之间挖掘带权重的定向关联规则,得到不同维度下达到关联规则阈值的故障诱因可疑度,可疑度最高的n-way组合即为故障定位结果;最后,依托京张智能高速铁路列车运行控制系统仿真测试平台,验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明:临时限速场景下,故障组合与非故障组合之间的可疑度差值大于0.2,非故障组合之间的可疑度差值小于0.06,故障组合与非故障组合之间的可疑度差异明显;所提方法与FIC-BS、IterAIFL和Delta-debugging方法相比较,查全率、查准率和综合性评价指标的均值分别达到85%、70%和83%,均高于对比的方法,具有更好的故障定位效果。该方法可为新型列车运行控制系统功能测试提供一定的参考。

血清LRG1、NGAL和PGC-1α水平与小儿肾积水手术后分肾功能的相关性研究

目的探究血清富亮氨酸α2-糖蛋白1(leucine-richα2 glycoprotein 1,LRG1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅助激活因子-1α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)水平与小儿肾积水术后分肾功能(differential renal function,DRF)的相关性。方法本研究为回顾性研究,选取邯郸市中心医院2019年3月至2022年6月期间行肾盂输尿管成形术的124例肾积水患儿作为研究对象,根据术后18个月DRF情况,将患儿分为DRF≥45%组(n=72)和DRF<45%组(n=52)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患儿血清中LRG1、NGAL和PGC-1α水平。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨血清LRG1、NGAL、PGC-1α水平与肾功能的相关性,采用二元Logistic回归分析肾积水患儿术后DRF<45%的影响因素,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清LRG1、NGAL、PGC-1α对肾积水患儿术后DRF的预测价值。结果DRF≥45%组和DRF<45%组患儿血清LRG1分别为(184.28±55.46)ng/mL、(315.62±98.53)ng/mL(t=9.437,P<0.05);肌酐(rerum Creatinine,Scr)分别为(26.84±7.64)μmol/L和(35.46±10.27)μmol/L(t=5.361,P<0.05);尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)分别为(5.24±1.52)mmol/L和(7.23±2.31)mmol/L(t=5.783,P<0.05);β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)分别为(2.16±0.43)mg/L和(3.68±0.84)mg/L(t=13.164,P<0.05);PGC-1α分别为(4.26±1.14)ng/mL和(2.85±0.89)ng/mL(t=7.430,P<0.05);术前患侧DRF分别为(43.25±4.57)%和(31.58±3.68)%(t=15.192,P<0.05);差异均有统计学意义。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,LRG1、NGAL与Scr、BUN、β_(2)-MG呈正相关(P<0.05);PGC-1α与β_(2)-MG、Scr、BUN呈负相关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,血清LRG1、NGAL、Scr、BUN、β_(2)-MG、PGC-1α、术前患侧DRF是术后DRF<45%的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清LRG1、NGAL、PGC-1α及三者联合评估肾积水患儿术后DRF<45%的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.899、0.872、0.878及0.982,三者联合评估优于单独评估(Z_(三者联合-LRG1)=3.148、Z_(三者联合-NGAL)=3.937、Z_(三者联合-PGC-1α)=3.125,P<0.05)。结论肾积水术后DRF<45%的患儿血清中LRG1、NGAL水平升高,PGC-1α水平降低,三者联合检测对于术后DRF具有一定的预测价值。

幼儿教师和学前教育师范生对幼教情怀的认知:基于词语联想测验的分析

教育情怀是教师的核心素养,了解幼儿教师和学前教育师范生对幼教情怀的认知,有助于教育者对幼教情怀的共同理解以及在幼教师资培养培训中科学地培育幼教情怀。借鉴心理词汇研究范式,对521名幼儿教师和529名学前教育师范生进行“与幼教情怀相关”和“与幼教情怀无关”的词语联想测验,获取相应的特征词;对两类特征词分别归类,构建网络关系图,直观呈现其中心节点和典型关联。经卡方检验,两类研究对象对幼教情怀的认知总体趋于一致。研究结果表明,研究对象对幼教情怀的认知体现了幼教情怀的多维结构,以“关爱”为中心的情感支持是幼教情怀的核心心理成分,但研究对象对幼教情怀的认知存在一定的局限和偏差,需通过培养培训强化幼儿教师和学前教育师范生对幼教情怀的理性认知,引导其在积极的情感体验中领悟幼教情怀的真谛,通过实践修习和交流反思涵养幼教情怀,在尊师重教的环境氛围中升华幼教情怀。

河北省免费NIPT联合PAPP-A、F-β-HCG 及超声检查诊断孕中期胎儿染色体异常的意义

目的 评价河北行免费的无创产前DNA检测(NIPT),联合血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)、游离β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(F-β-HCG)检测及超声对孕中期染色体异常的诊断价值。方法 选取衡水市第二人民医院2019年1月至2023年1月接收的3 591例拟行染色体检测的孕中期妇女,均行免费NIPT联合血清学指标(PAPP-A、F-β-HCG)及超声检查。将羊水穿刺染色体核型分析结果记为金标准,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价不同方法诊断孕中期染色体异常的价值。结果 经随访,在3 591例中,共有39例染色体异常,其中,32例经超声检查有染色体异常,34例经NIPT检测有染色体异常。在3 552例染色体正常的胎儿中,34例经超声检查有染色体异常,36例经NIPT检测有染色体异常;染色体异常胎儿的母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG水平均高于染色体正常胎儿的母体(P<0.05)。PAPP-A、F-β-HCG共同诊断胎儿染色体异常的敏感度及ROC曲线下方的面积(AUC)均高于母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG单独诊断(P<0.05);NIPT,PAPP-A、F-β-HCG及超声的联合诊断的敏感度及AUC均高于NIPT,PAPP-A、F-β-HCG,超声的单独诊断(P<0.05),且不同方法诊断染色体异常的特异度对比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 孕中期胎儿染色体异常的母体PAPP-A、F-β-HCG水平高,且NIPT联合PAPP-A、F-β-HCG及超声诊断染色体异常有较好的价值。

阿勒泰荒漠区草本植物生态位与种间关联

草本植物的种间关系在生态修复中具有指导意义。为揭示阿勒泰荒漠区草本植物的种间关系,本研究基于野外调查数据,采用生态位测定、方差比率法、χ^(2)检验、种间联结系数AC和Spearman秩相关系数等方法,分析了14种优势草本植物的生态位特征和种间关联性。结果表明:1)72个样地共发现121种草本植物,以菊科、禾本科和藜科为主,草本优势种中角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius)、猪毛菜(Kali collinum)和白茎绢蒿(Seriphidium terrae-albae)的重要值和生态位宽度较大;2)草本优势种的总体生态位重叠程度较低,平均值为0.11,物种间竞争较小;3)草本优势种的总体关联性为显著负联结,群落处于不稳定的演替状态;4)χ^(2)检验、种间联结系数和Spearman秩相关系数结果均显示物种多呈不显著联结,物种间联结性较低。因此在阿勒泰荒漠区草本植物的生态恢复工作中,可以选择生态位宽度较大、种对间呈显著或极显著正关联的植物搭配种植,恢复群落稳定性。

福建某高岭土伴生石英提纯试验研究

以福建某高岭土伴生石英为研究对象,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)检测矿样的物相组成和化学成分,然后依次进行擦洗、磁选、浮选、分级-分选条件试验,结果表明:试样中SiO_(2)质量分数较低,为85.16%;石英主要以两种形式存在,一种是单体,另一种存在于岩屑中,与长石、云母等共生;浮选试验结果显示捕收剂用量和浮选浓度对降低Al_(2)O_(3)含量影响较大;分级-分选试验揭示了在相同工艺条件下,+0.6 mm粒级石英精矿中杂质含量远低于-0.6+0.1 mm粒级的石英精矿;最终获得的精矿中杂质Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为2918.68μg/g,Fe_(2)O_(3)质量分数为63.53μg/g,达到了光伏发电玻璃面板所用石英砂的质量要求。

牛3种妊娠相关糖蛋白可视早孕试剂盒检测效果比较

旨在确定牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(PAGs)可视早孕试剂盒与超声检查的差异、检测准确性的判断标准,并比较牛3种PAGs可视早孕试剂盒的检测效果。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测牛的“未孕(特异性)”和“怀孕(灵敏性)”,并将检测结果与超声检查相比较,以此判断牛PAGs的检测准确性及检测效果。结果显示,3种PAGs试剂盒的检测结果与超声检查不存在显著性差别,可以用作商业化检测。该类试剂盒的灵敏性与超声检查的一致性高于93%,但不能达到100%,原因在于PAGs存在一定的半衰期,灵敏性只能作为牛PAGs检测准确性的参考依据,不能作为最终判断依据。而3种试剂盒的检测特异性与超声检查的一致性均可达100%,该类试剂盒可以作为准确性最终判断依据。3种试剂盒中,试剂盒2、3可以在人工输精后第27天达到100%,比试剂盒1提前4 d。

军校学员忠诚评价的内隐效应及外显测量研究

目的 探索军校学员内隐忠诚与外显忠诚的相关关系及其特异性,为更加全面、客观地评估个体忠诚提供理论依据和客观指标。方法 使用E-Prime2.0参照经典内隐联想范式编制内隐联想-忠诚测验对64名军校学员进行内隐忠诚测验,同时使用《中国军人忠诚量表》进行外显忠诚测量。结果 (1)军校学员忠诚评价的内隐效应显著,即均倾向于认为自我的忠诚高,非自我的忠诚低。(2)外显忠诚测评发现:军校学员被试对党、国家和人民的忠诚得分最高(4.79±0.34),对职业的忠诚次之(4.38±0.53),对单位及领导的忠诚相对较低(4.03±0.83)。在忠诚的3个维度上,规范忠诚水平最高,继续忠诚得分较低。(3)军人内隐忠诚与外显测量结果显示:对党、国家和人民的忠诚(r=-0.030,P=0.823)、对职业的忠诚(r=-0.047,P=0.728)、对单位的忠诚(r=0.050,P=0.710)、对领导的忠诚(r=0.043,P=0.749)相关均不显著。结论 军校学员忠诚评价的内隐效应显著,且外显测量的忠诚与内隐忠诚之间无显著相关,不能够通过单一的外显测量去判断他们的忠诚态度。

中国散裂中子源伴生质子辐照实验平台及其技术参数的确定

为了利用负氢离子加速器中伴随产生的质子成分,中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)在直线加速器末端建设了伴生质子辐照实验平台(associated protons experimental platform,APEP)。为了确定其性能参数,采用散射测量、束斑照相、同位素活化法等实验方法对伴生质子辐照实验平台的主要参数进行了刻度。实验证实,该辐照平台可以提供的质子能量范围为10~80 MeV,束斑分布均匀,束流强度范围为1.2×10^(7)~4.0×10^(9) cm^(-2)·s^(-1)。伴生质子辐照实验平台运行稳定,每年提供超过5000 h的束流时间,可以满足宇航器件可靠性测试、探测器刻度、辐照育种以及材料抗辐照特性测试等多种应用需求。

DNM1L基因新变异致EMPF11例临床表型和遗传学分析

目的 探讨由DNM1L基因变异导致的线粒体和过氧化物酶体裂变缺陷型脑病1型(EMPF1)的临床表型和遗传学特点。方法 收集1例EMPF1病儿的临床资料和实验室检查结果。采用全外显子组测序(WES)检测EMPF1病儿及其父母的基因变异,并通过双脱氧测序法(Sanger法)测序对变异位点进行验证;使用生物信息学软件和氨基酸多序列对变异位点对比分析,以明确其致病性;利用蛋白三维结构模型模拟蛋白质结构和分子间作用力在变异前后的变化。结果 病儿主要表现为发育迟缓、肌张力减退和难治性癫痫。脑MRI显示双侧豆状核和背侧丘脑对称性异常信号,视频脑电图显示肌阵挛发作频繁呈持续状态。WES分析显示,病儿DNM1L基因存在c.1049G>C(p.G350A)新发杂合错义突变,而Sanger测序验证其父母均未检测到该变异;氨基酸多序列比对结果显示,Gly350在各种属间高度保守;蛋白三维结构建模分析显示,p.G350A蛋白构象变化导致蛋白结构稳定性降低,进而影响蛋白质的功能。该变异为疑似致病性变异(PS2+PM2+PP2+PP3)。结论 本文病儿的EMPF1是由DNM1L基因c.1049G>C(p.G350A)变异所致,EMPF1主要的临床表现为精神运动迟缓、肢体瘫痪、肌张力障碍和癫痫等,综合临床表型及基因检测结果有助于该病的早期诊断。

遗传关联分析中的一个稳健检验

为检验某种疾病与单个双等位基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的关联性,构造了趋势检验绝对值指数函数和(SEA)的检验统计量.模拟结果显示,SEA能很好地控制犯第1类错误的概率,且在所有的遗传模型中都有较大的功效.将该检验方法应用到与复杂疾病相关的17个SNP中,结果表明,它们与相应疾病都具有很强的关联性.

基于平板电脑的距离自适应视功能自测方案的研究

目的构建基于平板电脑的距离自适应视功能自测系统,并分析其精确性。方法基于配有摄像头的平板电脑,使用ArUco技术识别2 m范围内的二维码以进行实时测距,构建距离自适应的集视力(普通视标视力和不同对比度高通视标视力)、调节幅度和中心5°视野测定一体化的视觉功能检测系统。共纳入健康受试者22例(44眼)完成视功能检查,其中6名受试者在四种距离(1 m、1.25 m、1.6 m、2 m)分别完成视力测试,并在足矫和–3.00D欠矫模拟调节不足状态下分别完成调节幅度测试。比较程序读数距离和空间中二维码距平板屏幕实际距离;比较在不同距离的同种视标的视力测试结果一致性;分析足矫及欠矫状态下调节幅度的变化,并使用ICC法评估其可重复性;分析视野测试结果的对比敏感度阈值及有效性。结果实际距离与程序读数距离具有良好的一致性水平。相同对比度高通视标视力测试在不同距离的测试结果无显著差异(P>0.05),100%普通视标视力在0.9~1.1m距离范围内与其他距离结果存在显著差异(P<0.001)。测量3次调节幅度的ICC值为0.861(P<0.001);欠矫状态下的调节幅度较足矫状态更低,变化具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。双眼视野对比度阈值的上边缘值均值为16.92%,程序能正确识别视野缺损。结论本研究构建了一种基于平板电脑的距离自适应视功能自测系统,可在2 m内实时精准测距,根据距离自动调节初始视标的大小以精确呈现视标,进行视力、调节幅度及中心5°视野检测。该系统不受固定距离限制并且具有更高的检验效能,可应用于空间狭小且不能固定距离的空间站的视功能检测。

中文词语远距离联想测验的编制及初步探索

远距离联想测验(RAT)及其变式复合远距离联想测验(CRAT)是揭示聚合思维和顿悟认知神经机制最常用的实验材料,也是评估个体创造性潜能的常用测试。相较于CRAT,RAT更适合跨文化研究。但由于语言文化差异以及中文词语联结方式的多样性,直接修订RAT并不可取,亟需发展中文词语远距离联想测验(CWRAT)。基于经典的联结层级理论和中文语境下的联结特性,研究采用等级计分模式,编制了80个CWRAT条目,并丰富了条目的难度、顿悟感以及联结方式等参数信息。效度检验显示CWRAT与创造性类比推理、创造性成就、经验开放性显著相关。采用潜在类别分析,以联结方式为分类指标对条目进行分类。结果显示CWRAT条目可划分为三个类别,C1和C3类别主要包含象征和比喻联结,条目表现出更高的顿悟感,而涉及更多常规性联想的C2类别表现出较低的顿悟感和难度。该结果表明CWRAT的顿悟体验的差异受到不同联结方式的影响。本测量不仅丰富了现有中文创造性测评工具库,也为创造性的跨文化比较提供了新的实验材料。