[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Be...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Beijing City during 2008 -2009 to study the digestion dynamics and the final residue of man- cozeb in C. annuum and soil, and gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis. [ Result]The average recovery rates of mancozeb in C. annuum and soil were 86.59%-93.03% and 92.57%-95.14%, respectively. Mancozeb had rapid digestion in C. annuum and soft with the half-life of 2.29 -4.65 and 4.01 - 4.65 d, respectively. When metalaxyl-M,mancozeb water dispersible granule was sprayed in C. annuum according to the recommend dose （ spraying for no more than three times with the spraying interval of 5 d）, the final residue of maneozeb in C. annuum collected in the third day after the last spraying was less than 2 mg/kg.展开更多
The control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG against Dendrobium officinale blight was studied. The results showed that the control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG at the dose of 1 133-1 360 mg/k...The control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG against Dendrobium officinale blight was studied. The results showed that the control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG at the dose of 1 133-1 360 mg/kg against D. officinale blight was over 78.4% at 14 d post spraying, which was equivalent to that of control agent 72% Cymoxanil·Mancozeb WP(1 200 mg/kg) and 80% Mancozeb WP(1 143 mg/kg).Therefore, 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG sprayed at the dose of 1 133-1 360 mg/kg could effectively control the damage of D. officinale blight.展开更多
Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Dire...Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Directive---Authorisation of Plant Protection Products Regulation （EC） No 1107/2009. In order to understand its value to the EU potato industry, a stakeholder survey was conducted to understand the implications for P. infestans control and the impact on EU potato production if mancozeb was not available. In total, 319 growers and advisers were surveyed in 8 countries： France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Spain and the UK, to determine how they use mancozeb, potential alternative control strategies and the implications of withdrawal. This study demonstrates that mancozeb is a widely used and cost-effective multisite active ingredient, which is a highly valued means of control for P. infestans. Based on the survey results, a loss of mancozeb would lead to a reduction in gross margin for potato producers in these countries of 787 million to 507 million depending on the level of P. infestans pressure. The combined impact of high cost of production and increased risks is likely to lead to reductions in the availability of EU potatoes and increased costs to consumers. In addition, an assessment was completed to determine the impact of mancozeb withdrawal on fungicide resistance development to single-site acting fungicides, finding that the loss of a multi-site active ingredient like mancozeb would severely compromise fungicide resistance management.展开更多
Antioxidants such as vitamin C and NADH can protect against pesticide adverse effects on immune function. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effects of vitamin C and NADH on the proliferative responses of ...Antioxidants such as vitamin C and NADH can protect against pesticide adverse effects on immune function. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effects of vitamin C and NADH on the proliferative responses of human lymphocytes exposed to pesticides （Mancozeb fungicide and Metribuzin herbicide） and on Thl and Th2 cytokine secretion. Their possible protective role on intracellular stress oxidative induced by pesticides was also investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated using differential centrifugation on a density gradient of Histopaque. They were cultured with mitogen concanavalin A （Con A）, Mancozeb and Metribuzin （50 μM） in the presence or the absence of vitamin C （50 μM） or NADH （50 μM）. Proliferation （MTT assay）, IL-2, INFγ and IL-4 （Elisa kits）, oxidative markers （intracellular superoxide anion, hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, GSH, catalase and SOD） were determined, The results showed that pesticides were immunosuppressive and decreased cytokine secretion with a shift away from to Thl phenotype. These immunomodulatory properties were accompanied by an increase in lymphocyte intracellular oxidative stress. The presence of vitamin C or NADH, in the medium, exhibited protective effects in human lymphocytes by inhibiting pesticide---induced lymphocyte proliferation suppression, inflammatory status and oxidative stress generation. In conclusion, vitamin C and NADH can result in a safe and effective method to reduce pesticide adverse effects and help to restore immune function.展开更多
Background: Mancozeb, (ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate), is an important fungicide useful against a wide range of fungus affecting ornamental plants, crops, and fruits. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the olfactory m...Background: Mancozeb, (ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate), is an important fungicide useful against a wide range of fungus affecting ornamental plants, crops, and fruits. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the olfactory mucosa due to mancozeb toxicity and, if cytokine is active, IL-6 immunoactivity. Material and Method: In experimental group, the mancozeb (500 mg/kg) was administered with inhalation to 10 male Wistar Albino rats for five days a week. The control group (n = 10) received distilled water with spray at the same time period. The experiment was terminated after three weeks. Samples were placed in 10% formaldehyde for fixation and placed in paraffin, sections of 5 μm were prepared from paraffin blocks and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) primary antibody were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Result: In the mancozeb group, olfactory epithelial cell degeneration and apoptosis, inflammation, dilatation and congestion in the vessels were observed. IL-6 expression was increased in vascular endothelium and inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Mancozeb was thought that the increase in IL-6 expression due to the increase in cell degeneration signal was thought to affect the development of cell apoptosis and angiogenesis, and that the use of mancozeb might adversely affect the olfactory mechanism.展开更多
基金Supported by Pesticide Residues Fund of Department of Agriculture (NCR2008036)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Beijing City during 2008 -2009 to study the digestion dynamics and the final residue of man- cozeb in C. annuum and soil, and gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis. [ Result]The average recovery rates of mancozeb in C. annuum and soil were 86.59%-93.03% and 92.57%-95.14%, respectively. Mancozeb had rapid digestion in C. annuum and soft with the half-life of 2.29 -4.65 and 4.01 - 4.65 d, respectively. When metalaxyl-M,mancozeb water dispersible granule was sprayed in C. annuum according to the recommend dose （ spraying for no more than three times with the spraying interval of 5 d）, the final residue of maneozeb in C. annuum collected in the third day after the last spraying was less than 2 mg/kg.
文摘The control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG against Dendrobium officinale blight was studied. The results showed that the control effect of 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG at the dose of 1 133-1 360 mg/kg against D. officinale blight was over 78.4% at 14 d post spraying, which was equivalent to that of control agent 72% Cymoxanil·Mancozeb WP(1 200 mg/kg) and 80% Mancozeb WP(1 143 mg/kg).Therefore, 68% Metalaxyl-M·Mancozeb WDG sprayed at the dose of 1 133-1 360 mg/kg could effectively control the damage of D. officinale blight.
文摘Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Directive---Authorisation of Plant Protection Products Regulation （EC） No 1107/2009. In order to understand its value to the EU potato industry, a stakeholder survey was conducted to understand the implications for P. infestans control and the impact on EU potato production if mancozeb was not available. In total, 319 growers and advisers were surveyed in 8 countries： France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Spain and the UK, to determine how they use mancozeb, potential alternative control strategies and the implications of withdrawal. This study demonstrates that mancozeb is a widely used and cost-effective multisite active ingredient, which is a highly valued means of control for P. infestans. Based on the survey results, a loss of mancozeb would lead to a reduction in gross margin for potato producers in these countries of 787 million to 507 million depending on the level of P. infestans pressure. The combined impact of high cost of production and increased risks is likely to lead to reductions in the availability of EU potatoes and increased costs to consumers. In addition, an assessment was completed to determine the impact of mancozeb withdrawal on fungicide resistance development to single-site acting fungicides, finding that the loss of a multi-site active ingredient like mancozeb would severely compromise fungicide resistance management.
文摘Antioxidants such as vitamin C and NADH can protect against pesticide adverse effects on immune function. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effects of vitamin C and NADH on the proliferative responses of human lymphocytes exposed to pesticides （Mancozeb fungicide and Metribuzin herbicide） and on Thl and Th2 cytokine secretion. Their possible protective role on intracellular stress oxidative induced by pesticides was also investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated using differential centrifugation on a density gradient of Histopaque. They were cultured with mitogen concanavalin A （Con A）, Mancozeb and Metribuzin （50 μM） in the presence or the absence of vitamin C （50 μM） or NADH （50 μM）. Proliferation （MTT assay）, IL-2, INFγ and IL-4 （Elisa kits）, oxidative markers （intracellular superoxide anion, hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, GSH, catalase and SOD） were determined, The results showed that pesticides were immunosuppressive and decreased cytokine secretion with a shift away from to Thl phenotype. These immunomodulatory properties were accompanied by an increase in lymphocyte intracellular oxidative stress. The presence of vitamin C or NADH, in the medium, exhibited protective effects in human lymphocytes by inhibiting pesticide---induced lymphocyte proliferation suppression, inflammatory status and oxidative stress generation. In conclusion, vitamin C and NADH can result in a safe and effective method to reduce pesticide adverse effects and help to restore immune function.
文摘Background: Mancozeb, (ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate), is an important fungicide useful against a wide range of fungus affecting ornamental plants, crops, and fruits. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the olfactory mucosa due to mancozeb toxicity and, if cytokine is active, IL-6 immunoactivity. Material and Method: In experimental group, the mancozeb (500 mg/kg) was administered with inhalation to 10 male Wistar Albino rats for five days a week. The control group (n = 10) received distilled water with spray at the same time period. The experiment was terminated after three weeks. Samples were placed in 10% formaldehyde for fixation and placed in paraffin, sections of 5 μm were prepared from paraffin blocks and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) primary antibody were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Result: In the mancozeb group, olfactory epithelial cell degeneration and apoptosis, inflammation, dilatation and congestion in the vessels were observed. IL-6 expression was increased in vascular endothelium and inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Mancozeb was thought that the increase in IL-6 expression due to the increase in cell degeneration signal was thought to affect the development of cell apoptosis and angiogenesis, and that the use of mancozeb might adversely affect the olfactory mechanism.
