3D Finite Elements Technique for Collapse Causes of the Pylons in Egyptian Temples: A Study of the Great Pylon of Ramesseum Temple, Luxor, Egypt

This research presents damage causes of the pylons in the ancient Egyptian temples based on 3D finite elements analysis. The main purpose of the research determines the failure causes of the first pylon of the Ramessium temple, which is situated in Upper Egypt, at Luxor “Thebes” on the west bank of the Nile River. The first pylon of Ramessium temple subjected to seismic activity effects on long term, combined with several structural damage factors such as the defects resulting from the construction technique, where the builder used the poor quality of stones in foundations of the pylon, the building materials residue was used as filler for the core of the pylon walls, and it lacked vertical joints between the courses. In addition to it founded on alluvial soil that is vulnerable to contaminated water, it is still suffering damage factors and urban trespasses at the moment. All of the former factors helped the pylon to be affected by the earthquakes loads that occurred on it. The structural behavior of the pylon under self-weight and earthquakes loads were carried out by Numerical analysis to find out the loads and stresses which caused collapsing of the pylon. Results of the study indicated that the pylon subjected to a horizontal displacement due to old earthquakes force, led to collapse of the pylon. Finally, the study represents use of modern technique to study the structural behavior of the most important architectural units in ancient Egyptian temples to identify the causes of its collapse.

Study on Further Development of Temples in the Mount Tai from the Perspective of Experience Economy

From the perspective of experience economy, this paper proposed that traditional temple sightseeing has been unable to meet needs of tourists, temple cultural sites must pay more attention to visitors' experience in tourism development. On the basis of analyzing characteristics of temple cultures in the Mount Tai and problems in its tourism development, strategies for the development of temple cultures in the Mount Tai were given from the perspective of experience economy.

Compared Study of Authentic Culture on Three Guangdong Ancestral Temples

In this article, three Guangdong’s ancestral temples are taken as case studies to explore strategies for cultural heritage conservation. Heritage conservation is very important not only for our missing of past, but in order that our own cultural identity can be formed today. In China, different stakeholders hold various views on heritage protection and conflicts often take place. Particularly, many folk religion’s cultural heritages face a dangerous scenario and could even be damaged or destroyed for a variety of “reason”. This article tries to re-examine fundamental values and assessment criteria for cultural heritage conservation. The authenticity is a core concept involved with those of issues. Based on the views of culture place, the author puts forward the concept of “emic culture authenticity” as a hinge to explore authentic culture ecology of heritage and its model, to facilitate the cultural heritage conservation and reuse by the strategies of classification and adaptation.

Study Correlation between Physical-Mineralogical Properties of Sandstone Used in Ptolemaic Temples in Upper Egypt and Its Weathering Resistance

This article focuses on study of a relation between physical-mineralogical properties of sandstone used in Ptolemaic temples in Upper Egypt and its resistance of deterioration factors affecting it. In the present study, sandstone samples were collected from four sites;namely the temples of Dendera, Esna, Edfu and Kom Ombo which are located in Upper Egypt. Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine mineralogical properties, microstructure, and chemical compositions of the deteriorated sandstone samples, addition to physical properties tests;results of the study confirmed that sandstone samples containing a high percentage of salts, clay minerals and iron oxides have been significantly affected by deterioration factors. The deteriorated sandstone samples were treated by paraloid B72 3% enhanced with Nano silica 5% to improve the physical properties of stone. Results of the study indicated that the samples which were consolidated by Nanoparticles based on acrylic Copolymers (Paraloid B72 and its Nanocomposite with Nano silica) achieved the best results for improvement of its physical-mineralogical properties. This is the ultimate aim of the study for the purpose of conservation and sustainability of building materials of the temples.

The Rapid Development of Technology in Making Iron Clamps of Three Ancient Temples in the Archaic and Classical Period

A few years ago, the present author had the opportunity to study the iron clamps of the archaic and classical temples. This research led to very interesting results concerning the development of technology applied in making those clamps and what is more its rapid evolution in a very short period. For instance, the technology in making the clamps of Parthenon and those of the Epikourios Apollo differs completely, although the latter was erected by the same engineer, Iktinos. Actually, it is a revolutionary one as compared with that applied in the erection of Parthenon. The paper starts by examining the making of the archaic Trapeza iron clamps and continue with those of the Parthenon and the Epikourios Apollo.

State Council of China Outlines Ten Priorities for Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples

The General Office of the State Council recently released the Guidelines for Strengthening the Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples,outlining ten priorities to be carried out as follows:First,increasing efforts to rescue and protect grotto temples.Surveys of the state of conservation of grotto temples will be launched nationwide and specific conservation and utilization plans prepared.

The Evolution of Landscape Layout Concept of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples in the Qing Dynasty

The replacement of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples from Lingbao Sect to Quanzhen Sect in the Qing Dynasty has led to the change of the layout of Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain. Through literature review, field research, image comparison and other research methods, the paper explores how the layout of the Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain evolved from the Four Taoist Temples in the Gehong period to the Five Taoist Temples in the Qing Dynasty under the influence of different Taoist ideologies, aiming to explore the cultural implications of the evolution of the layout of Lingnan Taoism Zuting Temple in the Qing Dynasty.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

Guan Yu Temples in Tibet

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Study on Traditional Architectural Decoration Patterns of Temple of the Three Sus

Temple of the Three Sus,which was first established during the Yuan Dynasty,features a natural,unrestrained,and classically elegant garden architectural style.This paper discusses the multiple characteristics and meanings of traditional architectural decorative patterns at Temple of the Three Sus from a semiotic perspective.First,it analyzes the denotative aspects of these patterns,including their stylistic forms,structural frameworks,and craftsmanship techniques.Second,the paper classifies the traditional architectural decorative patterns of the Temple of the Three Sus based on the types of sources of these patterns and interprets the implied meanings of each.Finally,the paper explores the application of these traditional decorative patterns in modern urban design,specifically in Meishan City,discussing the inheritance and innovation of these patterns in contemporary urban design and emphasizing the importance of integrating tradition with modernity.

Study on Plant Community Feature of Nanjing Temple Gardens

10 temple courtyards and 10 temple gardens were chosen as the research object in Nanjing.There were 146 species of vascular plants(including variety),which belong to 96 genera and 63 families.The Richness index,Simpson index,Species diversity and Similarity index of the plant community were analyzed.The results showed:①The dominant species of temple courtyards and temple gardens were all trees;the density of shrub layer(0.32 strains/m2) was greater than that of the tree layer(0.21 strains/m2).And the density of tree layer(2.4 strains/m2) and shrub layer(4.5 strains/m2) in temple gardens were totally higher than those of temple courtyards.②Both the Simpson index and the Species diversity in temple garden plots were higher than those of the temple courtyard plots;The Pielou index was at a higher level both in tree layer and shrub layer,which indicated that quantities of each tree species were on an average level.③The Similarity index in temple gardens was higher than that of the temple courtyards,both less than 50%,which indicated that the repetition rate of each tree species was obviously greater in temple gardens than in temple courtyards.

Landscape Pattern and Its Spirit of Place under the Influence of Zen Doctrine——Analysis and Evaluation of Landscape Environment of Wenshu Temple in Chengdu City of China

The paper had illustrated current status of Chinese temple gardens and background of Wenshu Temple in Chengdu City,analyzed that landscape spatial pattern of Wenshu Temple was characterized by introverted enclosed quadrangle courtyard including religious activity zone,life activities zone and garden rest zone.It also discussed the influences of artistic conception of Zen on spirit of place of landscape space in the perspectives of Zen architectural factors,introverted national culture,religious color of architectural space,and cultural landscape.It had proposed that there existed imperfections in later management of greening and landscaping in Wenshu Temple,and some problems such as enclosed space and isolated space from surrounding historical and cultural carrier.It pointed out that landscape perseverance was a long process and it should not restrict to protection of internal environment of carrier space but should enhance restoration of external part and relevant parts to display cultural and economic value of historical and cultural carrier.

迷踪与路径——赖特在Unity Temple设计中的空间用意

UnityTemple是由美国建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特设计,于1908年建设完成。赖特在设计中创造出了极富诗哲意味的空间层次。尤其在UnityTemple的路径空间设计中,赖特在结构秩序与空间塑造、空间与建筑外在形态,两条严密的逻辑线上,建构并释放着一种浓烈的精神氛围,传递和弥漫着一种迷踪式的空间用意。文章依据在UnityTemple内的空间现场体验,对其路径空间的始末(流线)、进阶(竖向)、转承(光线、视线)等方面进行图解分析,试图找到通向和抵达赖特在UnityTemple中的空间用意的线索;并尝试在发现和推测中,揭示空间用意与生命痕迹在UnityTemple中的相遇与转化。

Temple-Baraitser综合征1例临床及遗传学分析

目的分析Temple-Baraitser综合征(TMBTS)的临床及遗传学特点。方法回顾分析1例TMBTS患儿的临床特征和KCNH1基因突变特点,并复习相关文献。结果7月龄男婴,自新生儿期即出现肌张力低下和视觉接触不良,抬头不稳,不会用手抓物,不会坐。面容特殊(前额扁平,眼距稍宽,鼻梁凹陷,长人中伴高腭穹,嘴唇偏厚伴嘴角下垂)。手足指(趾)甲发育不良。四肢肌力Ⅳ级、肌张力减低。基因检测显示KCNH1基因变异c.1136 t>C,p.Leu 379 Pro,相关软件预测为致病变异,从而确诊为TMBTS。文献复习显示,TMBTS与Zimmermann-Laband综合征的临床特征相似,致病性KCNH1基因相同,需详细的临床资料及KCNH1基因信息以明确诊断。结论基因检测有助于TMBTS诊断,发现新的KCNH1基因变异。

Zhuge Liang and Wu Hou Memorial Temple

Zhuge Liang, one of the most respected persons in Chinese history, was an outstanding statesman, militarist, strategist, inventor, and astrologer in the Three Kingdom Period. He was and is known for his wisdom, loyalty and contribution to Chinese history. Wu Hou Memorial Temple is the place especially built for people to worship him.

Study on the Space Layout of Landscape Heritages in Jingshan Temple Scenic Area

Based on the analysis of the historical and the current status of Jingshan Temple Scenic Area,the research made a discussion on the protection and utilization of its outer space in terms of carding,transition,and intensifying,and made an exploration on the characteristics of space layout in the heritage protection of mountainous scenery,and adopted some measures for protection and utilization of outer space.

Residents' Collective Memory of Urban Street and Lane Spaces:A Case Study of the Confucius Temple Block in Nanjing City

Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.

Reviews of Researches on Traditional Chinese Temple Gardens

Definition and classification of temple gardens in China was introduced,and by adopting literature review method,it was found that about 20%of the temple garden researches are research reviews,70%focus on local temple gardens,and 10%about certain famous temple gardens.On the basis of analyzing and summarizing current research fruits,focuses and weaknesses of the current researches were proposed,and also prospects predicted.

The Integration and Communication of Regional Culture in Canal Landscape Planning and Design:A Case Study of the Grand Canal in the Gaomin Temple Section of Yangzhou

The Grand Canal is the cultural source of Yangzhou's historical development. The heritage and development of the canal culture are conducive to enhancing the image of Yangzhou, building cultural brands, and enhancing core competitiveness. Taking the canal in the Gaomin Temple section of Yangzhou for example, this study was based on the regional canal culture and the humanistic characteristics of Gaomin Temple, and explored the unique cultural communication mode of the important landscape node of the canal. Through the analysis of the status and development of the landscape of the section, this study concluded corresponding cultural orientation content and direction, and analyzed the integration and communication ideas of regional culture in landscape planning and design, in order to provide a reference for the promotion of cultural brands in the canal city of Yangzhou.

Restoration of Plant Landscapes in the Building Complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park

To restore plant landscapes in the building complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park, this paper proposed to review the historical development, explored plant selection and confi guration in Buddhist temple in the same period and same region, consulted literatures and fi gured out aesthetic intentions of the original owner. In addition, on the basis of further analysis of current situation and multiple bases as well as modern people's visiting and use needs, the paper gave suggestions for the plant confi guration of the temple.