Deepwater oil and gas exploration is the key to sustainable breakthroughs in petroleum exploration worldwide.The Central Canyon gas field has confirmed the Lingshui Sag is a hydrocarbon-generating sag,and the deepwate...Deepwater oil and gas exploration is the key to sustainable breakthroughs in petroleum exploration worldwide.The Central Canyon gas field has confirmed the Lingshui Sag is a hydrocarbon-generating sag,and the deepwater reservoirs in the Lingshui Sag still have more fabulous oil and gas exploration potential.Based on drilling data and three-dimensional(3D)seismic data,this paper uses seismic facies analysis,seismic attribute analysis,and coherence slice analysis to identify the types of submarine fans(lobe-shaped and band-shaped submarine fans)that developed in the Lingshui Sag during the Middle Miocene,clarify the source-to-sink system of the submarine fans and discuss the genesis mechanism of the submarine fans.The results show that:(1)the deepwater source-to-sink system of the Lingshui Sag in the Middle Miocene mainly consisted of a“delta(sediment supply)-submarine canyon(sediment transport channel)-submarine fan(deepwater sediment sink)”association;(2)the main factor controlling the formation of the submarine fans developed in the Lingshui Sag was on the relative sea level decline;and(3)the bottom current reworked the lobe-shaped submarine fan that developed in the northern Lingshui Sag and formed the band-shaped submarine fan with a greater sand thickness.This paper aims to provide practical geological knowledge for subsequent petroleum exploration and development in the deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin through a detailed analysis of the Middle Miocene submarine fan sedimentary system developed in the Lingshui Sag.展开更多
Among the common hazards related to alluvial fans,flooding is one of the most important.Nonetheless,in populated alluvial fans,not only the natural processes are effective in floods,but the artificial structures and m...Among the common hazards related to alluvial fans,flooding is one of the most important.Nonetheless,in populated alluvial fans,not only the natural processes are effective in floods,but the artificial structures and modifications can change the behavior of flooding and its potential risks.This study aims to indicate the flood-prone landforms in a set of populated alluvial fans in an arid region and investigate the role of anthropogenic activities in controlling/exacerbating flooding in alluvial fans.To achieve this goal,15 Ground Range Detected in High resolution(GRDH)SAR Sentinel-1 images,covering a total of 24 alluvial fans,were acquired.Pre-processing and post-processing steps were applied to all images to identify flood-prone sections of the studied alluvial fans.The results showed that feeder channels,spreading sites,and wide interfluves are the most flood-prone landforms of alluvial fans.In terms of anthropogenic modifications to mitigate flooding,a rampart system is distributed in the study area.Ramparts are levee like structures formed from the fan material.They aim to mitigate flood hazard on residential areas,infrastructures,and agricultural lands of the study area.Results show that the rampart system can reduce the danger of floods,but it cannot be considered a long-term solution.Therefore,a comprehensive flood protection system distributed throughout the whole alluvial fan system is needed.Results also reveal that in regions where flood monitoring is challenging,SAR images can be used as a freely available data set to monitor and identify flooding hotspots.展开更多
Coarse-grained subaqueous fans are vital oil and gas exploration targets in the Bohai Bay basin,China.The insufficient understanding of their sedimentary processes,depositional patterns,and controlling factors restric...Coarse-grained subaqueous fans are vital oil and gas exploration targets in the Bohai Bay basin,China.The insufficient understanding of their sedimentary processes,depositional patterns,and controlling factors restricts efficient exploration and development.Coarse-grained subaqueous fans in the Yong′an area,Dongying Depression,are investigated in this study.These fans include nearshore subaqueous fans,and sublacustrine fans,and their sedimentary processes,depositional patterns and distribution characteristics are mainly controlled by tectonic activity and paleogeomorphology.Nearshore subaqueous fans developed near the boundary fault during the early–middle deposition stage due to strong tectonic activity and large topographic subsidence.Early sublacustrine fans developed at the front of the nearshore subaqueous fans in the area where the topography changed from gentle to steep along the source direction.While the topography was gentle,sublacustrine fans did not develop.During the late weak tectonic activity stage,late sublacustrine fans developed with multiple stages superimposed.Frequent fault activity and related earthquakes steepened the basin margin,and the boundary fault slopes were 25.9°–34°.During the early–middle deposition stage,hyperpycnal flows triggered by outburst floods developed.During the late deposition stage,with weak tectonic activity,seasonal floods triggered hyperpycnal flows,and hybrid event beds developed distally.展开更多
Currently, the differences in gravity flow deposits within different systems tracts in continental lacustrine basins are not clear. Taking the middle submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Sha 3...Currently, the differences in gravity flow deposits within different systems tracts in continental lacustrine basins are not clear. Taking the middle submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Sha 3 Member) in the Shishen 100 area of the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the depositional architecture of sublacustrine fans during forced regression and the impact of the fourth-order base-level changes on their growth were investigated using cores, well logs and 3D seismic data. Sublacustrine fans were mainly caused by hyperpycnal flow during the fourth-order base-level rise, while the proportion of slump-induced sublacustrine fans gradually increased during the late fourth-order base-level fall. From rising to falling of the fourth-order base-level, the extension distance of channels inside hyperpycnal-fed sublacustrine fans reduced progressively, resulting in the transformation in their morphology from a significantly channelized fan to a skirt-like fan. Furthermore, the depositional architecture of distributary channel complexes in sublacustrine fans changed from vertical aggradation to lateral migration, and the lateral size of individual channel steadily decreased. The lobe complex's architectural patterns evolved from compensational stacking of lateral migration to aggradational stacking, and the lateral size of individual lobe steadily grew. This study deepens the understanding of depositional features of gravity flow in high-frequency sequence stratigraphy and provides a geological foundation for the fine development of sublacustrine fan reservoirs.展开更多
The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study invest...The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study investigates the major aspects of this influence and the linguistic reasons behind its global prevalence. The practical part of this study is conducted on Algerian Hallyu fans from which a sample of 139 participants responded to the questionnaire used as a research instrument for achieving the goal of this study. Findings reveal that Hallyu influence is widely spread in Algeria, where by 98.5% of the participants declared the existence of this influence. This impact on participants＇ language starts from using Korean words in their daily discourse to using English words with an adapted Hallyu meaning and to naming phone contacts with the accurate Korean terms of kinship and endearment. Then, they start using linguistically odd inside jokes taken from Korean idols＇ and K-dramas＇ speech, employing Korean proverbs in their conversations, and gradually adopting a different pronunciation of some English sounds. Moreover, their language stands as a sample of Corpus Planning with two types： Modernization and Graphization. Some words are modernized in order to bridge the gap through Hallyu pals＇ communication with more precise words, while other words are graphitized for the sake of developing new terms or new meanings or to shorten long ones. This thesis contributes to the study of random language, generally, and to Hallyu language, specifically, as an aspect of Conversation Analysis （CA）.展开更多
The League of Legends World Championship finals took place on November 6,a timing welcomed by fans of the game,many of whom work on weekdays.While looking forward to the day,one such fan,Lin Weicang,said the choice of...The League of Legends World Championship finals took place on November 6,a timing welcomed by fans of the game,many of whom work on weekdays.While looking forward to the day,one such fan,Lin Weicang,said the choice of day was considerate,even though Chinese fans would need to stay awake through the night due to the time difference as the game was held in Reykjavik,Iceland.They have another day to relax.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42372154。
文摘Deepwater oil and gas exploration is the key to sustainable breakthroughs in petroleum exploration worldwide.The Central Canyon gas field has confirmed the Lingshui Sag is a hydrocarbon-generating sag,and the deepwater reservoirs in the Lingshui Sag still have more fabulous oil and gas exploration potential.Based on drilling data and three-dimensional(3D)seismic data,this paper uses seismic facies analysis,seismic attribute analysis,and coherence slice analysis to identify the types of submarine fans(lobe-shaped and band-shaped submarine fans)that developed in the Lingshui Sag during the Middle Miocene,clarify the source-to-sink system of the submarine fans and discuss the genesis mechanism of the submarine fans.The results show that:(1)the deepwater source-to-sink system of the Lingshui Sag in the Middle Miocene mainly consisted of a“delta(sediment supply)-submarine canyon(sediment transport channel)-submarine fan(deepwater sediment sink)”association;(2)the main factor controlling the formation of the submarine fans developed in the Lingshui Sag was on the relative sea level decline;and(3)the bottom current reworked the lobe-shaped submarine fan that developed in the northern Lingshui Sag and formed the band-shaped submarine fan with a greater sand thickness.This paper aims to provide practical geological knowledge for subsequent petroleum exploration and development in the deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin through a detailed analysis of the Middle Miocene submarine fan sedimentary system developed in the Lingshui Sag.
文摘Among the common hazards related to alluvial fans,flooding is one of the most important.Nonetheless,in populated alluvial fans,not only the natural processes are effective in floods,but the artificial structures and modifications can change the behavior of flooding and its potential risks.This study aims to indicate the flood-prone landforms in a set of populated alluvial fans in an arid region and investigate the role of anthropogenic activities in controlling/exacerbating flooding in alluvial fans.To achieve this goal,15 Ground Range Detected in High resolution(GRDH)SAR Sentinel-1 images,covering a total of 24 alluvial fans,were acquired.Pre-processing and post-processing steps were applied to all images to identify flood-prone sections of the studied alluvial fans.The results showed that feeder channels,spreading sites,and wide interfluves are the most flood-prone landforms of alluvial fans.In terms of anthropogenic modifications to mitigate flooding,a rampart system is distributed in the study area.Ramparts are levee like structures formed from the fan material.They aim to mitigate flood hazard on residential areas,infrastructures,and agricultural lands of the study area.Results show that the rampart system can reduce the danger of floods,but it cannot be considered a long-term solution.Therefore,a comprehensive flood protection system distributed throughout the whole alluvial fan system is needed.Results also reveal that in regions where flood monitoring is challenging,SAR images can be used as a freely available data set to monitor and identify flooding hotspots.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972099,4217020246)the National Science and Technology Major of China(Grant Nos.2017ZX05009-002,2017ZX05072-002)。
文摘Coarse-grained subaqueous fans are vital oil and gas exploration targets in the Bohai Bay basin,China.The insufficient understanding of their sedimentary processes,depositional patterns,and controlling factors restricts efficient exploration and development.Coarse-grained subaqueous fans in the Yong′an area,Dongying Depression,are investigated in this study.These fans include nearshore subaqueous fans,and sublacustrine fans,and their sedimentary processes,depositional patterns and distribution characteristics are mainly controlled by tectonic activity and paleogeomorphology.Nearshore subaqueous fans developed near the boundary fault during the early–middle deposition stage due to strong tectonic activity and large topographic subsidence.Early sublacustrine fans developed at the front of the nearshore subaqueous fans in the area where the topography changed from gentle to steep along the source direction.While the topography was gentle,sublacustrine fans did not develop.During the late weak tectonic activity stage,late sublacustrine fans developed with multiple stages superimposed.Frequent fault activity and related earthquakes steepened the basin margin,and the boundary fault slopes were 25.9°–34°.During the early–middle deposition stage,hyperpycnal flows triggered by outburst floods developed.During the late deposition stage,with weak tectonic activity,seasonal floods triggered hyperpycnal flows,and hybrid event beds developed distally.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41872113,42172109,42202170)CNPC–China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Strategic Cooperation Science and Technology Project (ZLZX2020-02)。
文摘Currently, the differences in gravity flow deposits within different systems tracts in continental lacustrine basins are not clear. Taking the middle submember of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Sha 3 Member) in the Shishen 100 area of the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the depositional architecture of sublacustrine fans during forced regression and the impact of the fourth-order base-level changes on their growth were investigated using cores, well logs and 3D seismic data. Sublacustrine fans were mainly caused by hyperpycnal flow during the fourth-order base-level rise, while the proportion of slump-induced sublacustrine fans gradually increased during the late fourth-order base-level fall. From rising to falling of the fourth-order base-level, the extension distance of channels inside hyperpycnal-fed sublacustrine fans reduced progressively, resulting in the transformation in their morphology from a significantly channelized fan to a skirt-like fan. Furthermore, the depositional architecture of distributary channel complexes in sublacustrine fans changed from vertical aggradation to lateral migration, and the lateral size of individual channel steadily decreased. The lobe complex's architectural patterns evolved from compensational stacking of lateral migration to aggradational stacking, and the lateral size of individual lobe steadily grew. This study deepens the understanding of depositional features of gravity flow in high-frequency sequence stratigraphy and provides a geological foundation for the fine development of sublacustrine fan reservoirs.
文摘The linguistic influence of the Korean Wave （Hallyu, which refers to the Korean pop and drama） on the language of International fans is that of a salient but not linguistically examined phenomenon. This study investigates the major aspects of this influence and the linguistic reasons behind its global prevalence. The practical part of this study is conducted on Algerian Hallyu fans from which a sample of 139 participants responded to the questionnaire used as a research instrument for achieving the goal of this study. Findings reveal that Hallyu influence is widely spread in Algeria, where by 98.5% of the participants declared the existence of this influence. This impact on participants＇ language starts from using Korean words in their daily discourse to using English words with an adapted Hallyu meaning and to naming phone contacts with the accurate Korean terms of kinship and endearment. Then, they start using linguistically odd inside jokes taken from Korean idols＇ and K-dramas＇ speech, employing Korean proverbs in their conversations, and gradually adopting a different pronunciation of some English sounds. Moreover, their language stands as a sample of Corpus Planning with two types： Modernization and Graphization. Some words are modernized in order to bridge the gap through Hallyu pals＇ communication with more precise words, while other words are graphitized for the sake of developing new terms or new meanings or to shorten long ones. This thesis contributes to the study of random language, generally, and to Hallyu language, specifically, as an aspect of Conversation Analysis （CA）.
文摘The League of Legends World Championship finals took place on November 6,a timing welcomed by fans of the game,many of whom work on weekdays.While looking forward to the day,one such fan,Lin Weicang,said the choice of day was considerate,even though Chinese fans would need to stay awake through the night due to the time difference as the game was held in Reykjavik,Iceland.They have another day to relax.
