Social Security of Land-losing Farmers in Urban Demolition——A Case of Hedong Village, Chengzhong District,Liuzhou City

Based on the survey of peasants from 40 households who are chosen at random and have lost their land in the Hedong Village of Liuzhou, the status quo of land expropriation and social security of land-losing peasants are expounded. The social security problems of peasants in urban demolition and peasantsh desperate demands are analyzed as follows. For example, the Main problems after the peasants losing their lands cover the substandard of resettlement, which can not maintain the former living standard; the source of income has changed and the relevant security mechanism has not been established; the peasants who have lost their land are in desperate need of more stable jobs and stable income. In view of the current situation, the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing social security mechanism for peasants who have lost their land are put forward. The measures cover establishing the subsistence allowances for land-losing peasants; establishing the guarantee system for aged people; building medical care system; providing employment and training opportunity, trying to increase the channels of employment for farmers and fostering the employment security system for peasants who have lost their land.

Social Security Programme for Farmers

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Policy Needs for Social Security in the Process of Citizenization of the Peri-urban Farmers:A Case Study of Hefei City

We conduct a survey of transformational towns and villages in High-tech Development District, Yaohai District and Shushan District, Hefei City. Using data, we analyze the "sideline effect" and inherent contradiction of transformational cities, research the policy needs for social security and its trend in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers. On this basis, we construct the social security policy system that can adapt to the accelerated process of urbanization. Finally, we put forth the following recommendations for the social security policy in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers: distinguishing different groups' policy needs for social security; attaching importance to people's dynamic policy needs for social security in urbanization; focusing on the adaptability of social security policy transformation in urbanization; attaching importance to the social psychosocial environment of social security policy transformation in urbanization; achieving the trinity of non-farm conversion, urbanization and citizenization in the process of urbanization; strengthening the government's dominant position in the building of social security policy system.

新型职业农民社会保障权实现路径探析

新型职业农民队伍是全面实现乡村振兴战略的重要人才基础。加强新型职业农民各项权利的法治化保障,有利于人才队伍建设,促进新型职业农民社会保障权的完满实现,具有深厚的理论意义和现实需求。当前,新型职业农民社会保障权在法律实现这一层面上面临着权利内涵阐释不足、老龄化压力使权利实现难度增加、社会保障权权利供给的法律制度不完善等困境。推动社会保障权内涵阐释与认知转型,优化新型职业农民培育与配套医疗服务体系,完善社会保障权的权利供给法律制度,是推动新型职业农民社会保障权实现的有效路径。

Problems and Solutions of Protecting Rights and Interests of Land-expropriated farmers during Urbanization--A Case Study of Henan Province

This paper discusses existing problems in protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers' during urbanization,such as those farmers' failure to obtain benefits from land increment,difficult employment and imperfect social security system.Reasons for losses of farmers' rights and interests mainly include defects in land management and expropriation system,and uncoordinated development of urbanization and industrialization.However,the basic reason is urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of these situations,it puts forward solutions to protecting rights and interests of land-expropriated farmers:let land-expropriated farmers share land-increment benefits from land marketization;establish effective employment security system and perfect social security system,to make land-expropriated farmers share supply of public goods equal between rural and urban areas,and realize the inclusive growth balancing urban and rural areas.

Land-losing Farmers' Citizenization in the Process of Urbanization

Starting from the status of citizenization of land-losing farmers,problems in the citizenization are analyzed,such as the difficulty in land-losing farmers' economic life after turning into citizens,employment difficulties of land-losing farmers after living in the city,and the prominent problems in social security of land-losing farmers.Causations for the citizenization problems of land-losing farmers are analyzed.Firstly,institutionalized rejection is the root of the obstacle in citizenization of land-losing farmers.Secondly,exclusion from social security system is a fundamental reason.Thirdly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from both urban citizens and themselves is the subjective factor.Fourthly,exclusion of land-losing farmers from urban employment is the objective factor.Based on these,countermeasures are put forward:formulating a reasonable price of land transfer;establishing a reasonable land compensation and benefit-sharing mechanism;setting up a multi-level social security system for land-losing farmers;increasing the human capital investment in land-losing farmers to enhance their employment status;and improving the cultural quality of land-losing farmers to realize the change in lifestyle.

被征地农民社会保障筹资机制的构建——以河北省为例

当前被征地农民社会保障筹资机制并不完善,存在着资金总量不足、筹资渠道有限、资金运营方式单一、监管制度不严等许多现实问题,制约了资金效用的发挥和保障功能的实现。文章结合河北省调查研究发现,目前地方政府财力差异较大,未据实合理分配补贴责任;集体补助能力较差,补贴政策执行力较弱;农民整体上缴费能力有保障,但个人缴费能力地区差异大;被征地农民社会保障资金自我积累能力不强,缺乏持续性与长效性。因此,需要从资金筹集机制、资金增长机制和安全保障机制等3个层面入手,采取有效措施,构建系统、科学、长效的被征地农民社会保障筹资机制。

被征地农民社会保障补贴机制研究

本文在对全国征地社保现行筹资渠道与补贴方式进行政策分析和典型地区调研的基础上,对不同地区的筹资方式进行了梳理,并对四种不同的补贴机制(即定州、禹城按地筹资按户补贴模式,山东按地筹资平均分配模式,广东按地筹资按户分配模式,雄安新区按地筹资按人补贴财政兜底模式)进行了总结,对地方实践中存在的问题进行了较为全面的分析。本文对长期存在的按地筹资、按人筹资争议问题进行了讨论,对征地社保的属性、要不要统筹等重点问题进行了探讨,对补贴机制所涉及的五方面问题进行了分析。据此,从充分认识征地社保属性、修订(改革)完善政策、明确保障对象实现即征即保、完善补贴与筹资机制等五个方面提出了相应的政策措施建议。

农民工社会保障制度的反思与重构

我国农民工在为国家发展做出巨大贡献的同时,其社会保障权益却普遍受损,原因是多方面的,既有观念上的误区,也有制度上的缺陷。应当以科学发展观为指导,健全维护农民工社保权益的法律法规并完善相关配套制度,从而分类分层地推进农民工社会保障制度的建立,是解决农民工社会保障问题的有效路径。

被征地农民及其社会保障--文献评论与今后公共政策选择

研究目的:通过文献评论为被征地农民及其社会保障提供公共政策选择的方向。研究方法:文献研究法、归纳分析法。研究结果:1978年中国农村土地家庭承包制改革以来,土地的社会保障功能使政府职能有机会从农村社会保障中退出,导致后来的立法和政策设计对农民应得的社会保障等社会权利的救济均附着在土地权利之上。研究结论:当前的问题在于没有区分农民的土地权利和社会权利,农民失地的同时也失去了附着于土地上的社会保障权利,造成农民保障生存安全、享受社会成果的权利与能力的缺失。

失地农民社会保障的制度建构

在城市化进程中,农村集体土地大量被征用,因此亟待为失地农民建立安全有效的社会保障制度。各地正在进行的有关失地农民社会保障的实践探索中存在诸多问题,应当引起各方的高度重视;同时也应在制度先行、因地制宜、公平和效率有机统一以及与现行社会保障制度相衔接等原则的指引下,加快推进失地农民的社会保障的改革。鉴于我国实情,应当首先为失地农民建立社会养老保障和医疗保障制度,其他社会保障措施也应及时、逐步建立。

基于我国农村土地制度创新视角的社会保障问题探析

本文从我国农村土地制度创新的视角,阐述了农村土地制度与社会保障体系之间的基本逻辑关系,揭示了以土地、劳动力、社保和环境为基础的经济增长"红利"理论,并对农村土地制度对社会保障及社会稳定的利弊关系进行了分析。笔者认为,农村土地制度深化改革的前提条件是农民社会保障问题的解决,社保体制的改革与重构不仅是我国农村土地制度深化改革的需要,而且也是工业化和城市化健康发展,现代农业发展以及广大农民从自然人、经济人向社会人转变的需要。

论被征地农民社会保障安置的局限与出路

为保障被征地农民的基本生活,在一些地区出现了将社会保障作为被征地农民安置方式的实践。通过对被征地农民社会保障安置的局限性分析发现,土地保障和社会保障不具有内在的一致性,社会保障安置存在着背离权利主体的平等性、转换责任主体、混淆分配层次、保障水平较低等局限性。社会保障作为被征地农民的安置方式在理论上存在着误区,在实践中出现了严重的困境,是对被征地农民社会保障权的伤害。作为再分配手段的社会保障既不能代替安置的功能,也不能被安置的初次分配功能所替代。为更全面地保障被征地农民的权益,应在合理安置的基础上完善社会保障这一"安全网"。

被征地农民社会保障研究的局限与进路

随着我国城市化和工业化步伐加快,被征地农民的规模不断增大,被征地农民社会保障问题已经成为全社会关注的对象。通过对研究的逻辑起点、争议焦点以及实践困惑的症结等的回顾和评述,为后续研究明确方向。研究表明,土地保障和社会保障不具有内在的一致性。社会保障作为被征地农民的安置方式在理论上行不通,是对其合法权利的伤害。社会保障既不能代替土地补偿与安置补助的功能,也不能被初次分配的方式所替代。被征地农民社会保障构建的路径应该在合理安置的基础上将其纳入到现行的社会保障体系之中。

农民工社会保障问题探析

要切实保障进城农民工的合法权益,就必须为他们提供必要的社会保障。当前为农民工提供社会保障还存在一些障碍。只有消除这些障碍,才能扩大社会保障体系的覆盖面,建立面向农民工的社会保障制度。

农地价值表现及其对农户土地经营决策的影响——以南京市城市边缘区农户为例

研究目的:研究农地价值表现及其对农户土地经营决策的影响。研究方法:农户调查、计量分析和逻辑推理。研究结果:农户经营决策中,影响农地种植决策的关键因素是农地的直接生产价值,而影响农地非农转用决策的是农地的社会保障价值。受此影响,2/3的农户既不愿意继续种田也不愿意放弃农地以实现农地非农化转用。研究结论:农地对农户的直接经济价值逐渐减少,而社会保障价值仍无法替代。农地非农化过程中要削弱和替代农地的社会保障功能,必须提供不同的社会保障替代产品以供不同类型的农户选择。

日本城市化、农地制度与农民社会保障制度关联分析

在城市化进程中,日本政府适应不同发展阶段的需要,适时调整农业发展政策和农村土地制度,并在解决与城市化、农地制度改革相关的农民利益保障问题的过程中,建立并不断完善包括农村在内的社会保障制度,实现城乡协调发展。

建立健全农村社会保障体系的基本思路

搞好整体制度设计是建立与健全农村社会保障体系的重要任务。从农村经济发展的差异性出发,建立健全农村社会保障体系的基本思路是依据不同类型农村的经济发展水平进行分类设计和分类实施。在贫困型农村应建立以基本生活保障为内容的救济型社会保障体系,在温饱型农村应建立基本生活需要型的社会保障体系,在富裕型农村应建立保险型的社会保障体系。并依据不同的内容设计,在管理体制、实施的突破口、筹资模式和制度保障等方面进行分类实施。

中国失地农民养老保障实践模式的公平性探析

失地农民养老保障建设在实践中形成了多种模式,选取了几种有代表性的模式进行公平性分析。在覆盖对象、筹资方式、缴费及给付、基金管理等方面,失地农民养老保障模式都存在一定问题,不利于社会公平目标的实现。另外,通过对各种模式进行对比分析,认为将失地农民纳入城保,从公平角度来看,优于其他几种模式。因此,在建立统一的失地农民养老保障制度中,应该借鉴实践经验,注重社会公平,以完善我国养老保障体系。