Farmer behavior and perceptions to alternative scenarios in a highly intensive agricultural region,south central China

Intensive agriculture has caused unintended environmental consequences, such as water quality degradation. It is necessary for policymakers to make proper planning of sustainable agricultural development. Using a Pressure-State-Response （PSR） framework, we conducted surveys focused on farmer behavior toward agriculture and environmental protection in 2009 and 2011. The surveys indicated that farmer behavior was complex and contradictory, and caused some environmental effects. Therefore, we used normative landscape scenario method to develop two scenarios. Both scenarios emphasized on stable economic growth along with water quality improvement and presented good effects. A feedback survey was organized in 2013 to interpret farmers＇ perceptions of the alternative scenarios. The results indicate Scenario I is likely to be accepted by farmers; however, the beautiful rural landscape in Scenario.II represents what farmers want, and Scenario I or II can be achieved by changing farm behavior in the future. By logistic regression model analysis, increasing agriculture benefits and new technology popularization were key factors affecting farmer behavior. Relevant policy implications on farmers were proposed. This paper showed how important to understand farmer behavior and perceptions to agricultural development, and a description of the alternative scenarios and policy implications are meaningful for policymakers to manage nature resources.

Analysis on Consumption Behavior of Zhejiang Province's Farmers from the Perspective of Their Income Increase

With rapid development of industrialization in Zhejiang Province, surplus rural labor forces move to the secondary and tertiary industries. Farmers of Zhejiang Province are no exception. They turn to industrial workers and their income source has great changes. Wage income becomes their major source of income. Accordingly, farmers' consumption behavior has great changes. Apart from satisfying basic production and living demands, farmers start to pursue living quality and their life style tends to urbanization. Nevertheless, under the influence of rural physical environment, policies and systems, the existing consumption environment fails to follow farmers' urban lifestyle any more. In line with how to optimize rural consumption environment, improve farmers' consuming capacity, continue to expand farmers' consumption and promote urbanization development of rural areas, this paper presents pertinent countermeasures and recommendations.

An Empirical Study of Farmers' Perception and Behavior on Farmland Abandonment in Yunnan Province

In this study,using the PRA method,we conduct a questionnaire survey on 525 farmers in 10 typical villages in Yunnan Province,and study the farmers' farmland abandonment behavior as well as their perception. Studies have shown that there are some common problems for the villages in the inner suburbs and the villages in the outer suburbs such as small scale of rural land,dispersed plots and land fragmentation,and the scale and fragmentation problems are more prominent in the villages in the inner suburbs while the dispersed plot problems are more obvious in the villages in the outer suburbs; the levels of farmland abandonment vary in different sample villages,the farmland abandonment is more prevalent in the villages in the outer suburbs,the abandonment behavior involves more farmers,and farmers tend to abandon small plots of farmland; the proportion of the abandoned farmland perceived by the farmers in the villages in the inner and outer suburbs( especially in the inner suburbs) is significantly lower than the actual proportion,and farmers' perception greatly deviates from the actual reality; some farmers have wrong perception of farmland abandonment behavior,and even if there are farmers with correct perception,they also abandon farmland.

Analysis on Farmers’ Straw Marketization Behavior and Its Influence Factors: A Case Study of Hubei Province

Crop straw has huge resource potential. It has an important significance for realizing waste recycling and improving eco-environment to prefect straw marketization system and sufficiently stimulate farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Based on 427 copies of investigation data on farmers,influence mechanism framework of farmers’ straw marketization behavior is constructed,and key factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior are analyzed. Results show that farmers joining in straw marketization account for 42. 1%; in influence factors of farmers’ straw marketization behavior,cultivated land area,market price level,logistics satisfaction and air quality perception have significantly positive impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior,while education degree,agricultural income proportion and traffic convenience have significantly negative impacts on farmers’ straw marketization behavior. Therefore,it needs strengthening propaganda intensity,carrying out reasonable subsidies and support,encouraging and breeding new type of organization,and establishing and improving the price mechanism of straw marketization to perfect straw marketization construction.

Regional Difference Analysis of Farmers' Land Use Behavior

Based on the survey data and statistical information on farmers,we conduct comparative analysis of land use behavior of farmers in the Jianghan Plain and the hilly areas of Xianning City in Hubei Province.We find that the utilization rate of agricultural land and level of agricultural labor output in the plain areas are higher than in the hilly areas;at the same time,the degree of mechanization of agricultural land utilization and farmers'land use scale are larger in the plain areas.But the crop type in the plain areas is single,and the decline rate of the growing area of food crops is higher in recent twenty years;meanwhile,the material input costs and opportunity cost of labor for the agricultural land utilization in the plain areas are greater than in the hilly areas.

Research on Influence Factors of Pig Farmers' Ecological Farming Behavior: Based on the TPB and SEM

China's extensive development model of pig industry gives rise to serious resource and environment bottleneck restriction,it is urgent to transform the existing development model into ecological farming model. In this process,farmers' behavior will play a key role. On the basis of summarizing development connotation and characteristics of ecological agriculture,using survey data of 323 pig farmers in 6 provinces,based on the Theory of Planned Behavior( TPB) it introduced individual characteristics and external environment constraint variables,and made an empirical analysis on factors influencing intention and behavior of pig farmers' ecological farming using the Structural Equation Model( SEM). Results indicate:( i) ecological farming intention of pig farmers has the largest direct effect on their ecological farming behavior;( ii)ecological farming cognition of pig farmers has significant positive effect on their ecological farming behavior;( iii) external environment has the largest indirect effect on their ecological farming behavior,followed by the overall effect,and external environment has significant positive effect on ecological farming attitude and cognition of pig farmers;( iv) individual characteristics( educational level and income level) of pig farmers influence ecological farming behavior of pig farmers through their ecological farming attitude and intention,but the degree of influence is limited.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmer and Herdsman's Operating Behavior in Crop Production--A Case Study of the Typical Tibetan Counties(Cities)

We select 204 panel data samples from fixed observation spots in China's rural areas(Nagqu County,Duilongdeqing County and Xigaze City in Tibet),and conduct systematic analysis of factors influencing farmer and herdsman's operating behavior in crop production,using regression estimation method of the linear model,mixed OLS model and the random effects model.The research shows that "the number of migrant workers","the amount of household labor forces","original value of fixed assets for production purpose at the end of year","whether having agricultural machinery or not" and other household endowment factors,have a positive impact on total planting area of households,and theoretically,the endowment effect of internal factors predicted is valid;the product of "average food price" and "whether selling or not" has conspicuous impact,and the empirical results confirm that in external factors,the substitution effect of price is greater than the income effect.

农户电商创业行为研究:文献回顾与进路展望

从制度情景、市场驱动、个体选择方面探析农户电商创业行为发生机理。对电商创业减贫效应与不同电商农户创业行为的异质性进行阐释,指出空间资源异质性以及知识异质性造成农户创业的差异。从体制机制、组织形式、风险感知等维度评析低度嵌入互联网的农户电商发展问题,并从个体、市场与社会因素剖析电商创业行为发展影响因素。指出农户电商创业行为研究需要在可持续性上不断深化,拓展研究视角、创新研究方法、深化机制研究,接续推进农户电商创业可持续发展关键在于建立良性的政策传导机制、有效的资源链接机制、联动的多元参与机制,健康的价值引导机制。

统防统治对茶农农药减量的影响研究:基于福建和浙江的实证分析

病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶农统防统治的采纳受到不同因素的影响,茶农年龄越小、身体健康状况越差,越偏好风险和越倾向于采纳统防统治。(2)统防统治的采纳能够显著减少茶农的农药使用量。若已采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会增加31.02%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农采纳统防统治,其每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会下降12.32%。(3)统防统治的采纳能够显著增加茶农的收入。若采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将下降59.23%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农能够采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将增加32.60%。研究结论对农户采纳统防统治、实现农药减量、推动现代农业绿色高质量发展、实现农户增收具有重要意义。

农业补贴下资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响

农机社会化服务作为小农户链接现代农业的桥梁,是发展农业机械化和规模化经营的重要手段,对推动农业现代化具有重要意义。在对江西省483户农户进行实地调查的基础上,采用二元Logistic模型实证分析农户资源禀赋对农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的影响,并进一步分析农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为的调节作用。研究结果表明:农户资源禀赋显著影响农户农机社会化服务采纳行为,其中户主的健康状况、经营年限、家庭劳动力人数、熟识的村干部数量、农业收入占比、耕地面积显著正向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为,农机价值则显著负向影响其农机社会化服务采纳行为。另外,农业补贴对农户资源禀赋影响农机社会化服务采纳行为有显著的正向调节作用。具体而言,农业补贴对人力资源禀赋中的健康状况、社会资源禀赋中的是否加入合作社、经济资源禀赋中的农业收入占比和自然资源禀赋中的耕地面积与农机社会化服务采纳行为的关系均有正向调节作用。基于此,提出落实好农业补贴政策、鼓励身体健康的高素质农民务农、鼓励政府部门与农民多交流沟通、增加农民收入等对策建议。

拉萨农牧民网络购物行为特征及民生影响研究

农村电商得到了国家政策上的高度重视和支持,成为改善民生和促进产业发展的重要抓手。网络购物作为农村电商的重要组成部分可以显著改善农牧民的购买现状,满足农牧民个性化、多样化的商品需求,降低生产生活成本、提升生活品质。文章利用拉萨农牧区民生发展调查(TLDR,2021)数据,对农牧民网络购物参与情况从县区、年龄、学历、收入等角度进行差异性分析,并对具体的农牧民网络消费行为特征归纳总结,探讨网络购物对农牧民民生的影响。提出在不断提升农牧民收入水平的前提下,为了平衡城乡数字鸿沟,应该继续大力推进西藏的“电子商务进农村工程”,不断完善农牧区电子商务服务体系,培养农牧民网上购物习惯,促进城乡消费模式一体化发展。

基于CiteSpace量化分析的中国农户行为研究回溯与展望

农户行为是研究农业发展,制定农业政策的基本出发点。以CSSCI来源期刊上发表的农户行为相关文献作为样本,文章运用CiteSpace可视化文献分析软件,对国内农户行为研究的基本情况、研究热点和演进趋向进行了深入挖掘与梳理。结果表明,农户行为相关文献的数量整体呈上升趋势,并且具有明显的阶段特征;农户行为研究领域初步形成了核心作者群体、核心机构及核心刊物,但在研究规模、团队间合作、对问题的持续关注度等方面有待强化;对农户行为的研究可分为主流、潜力、新兴、边缘四大领域;当前对农户行为的影响因素、亲环境行为、金融行为、土地流转行为的研究成果最为丰富;在研究趋势上,对农户的环境规制行为、行为意愿的研究热度最高。后续研究应重点关注农户生产行为及其带来的农业发展方式的转变。

多重脆弱地区农户宅基地退出行为及影响因素研究--基于易地扶贫搬迁的实证

基于农户行为理论构建农户心理认知、农户城市融入、农户乡土依恋等6个特征元素的11个变量,探讨多重脆弱易地扶贫搬迁地区农户宅基地退出行为及影响因素。以贵州省威宁县323份未搬迁和409份已搬迁农户样本的问卷调查数据,利用Logistic模型对农户宅基地退出行为的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:农户家庭成员务工年数、文化程度、农地坡度、退出宅基地有利于自身和家庭的发展的心理认知、城市融入对宅基地退出具有显著的正向影响;乡土依恋对宅基地退出具有显著的负向影响;户籍人口数、年龄、退出宅基地会提高家庭收入水平的心理认知影响不显著。针对研究结果,在宅基地退出过程以及搬迁农户后续的防止返贫致贫工作中,政府应进行政策引导和解读,注重发展产业、提高农户的可持续生计水平,因地制宜制定政策、加强政策宣传引导,让“农户”变“市民”、实现城乡融合发展;从而降低农户对于搬迁的心理认知风险、乡土依恋程度以及提高农户城市融入契合度。

农户绿色生产行为差异分析——基于资本禀赋的考察

在农业生产方式亟待绿色变革的背景下,把握不同资本禀赋下农户绿色生产行为的差异,对推动农业绿色发展具有重要意义。基于河北、山东、辽宁、北京和天津5个省市蔬菜种植户的调研数据,从资本禀赋视角探究了导致农户实施绿色生产行为差异的因素。结果显示,一是农户实施绿色生产行为的比例较低,且存在资本禀赋不足的问题;二是不同人力资本农户实施绿色生产行为存在差异,新生代和参加技术培训农户实施绿色生产行为的比例更高,而性别和受教育程度导致农户之间实施绿色生产行为差异较小;三是不同物质资本农户实施绿色生产行为存在差异,拥有大设施面积和获得质量认证农户实施绿色生产行为的比例更高,而设施老旧程度导致农户间绿色生产行为差异较小。鉴于此,从政府、村庄和农户层面提出对策建议。

基于IAD延伸决策模型的浙江农户休闲农业生产行为研究

基于制度分析与发展框架(IAD)延伸决策模型,利用浙江省2968户农户的调查数据,分析了户主特征、家庭状况、外部环境和市场服务、经营规则、改革认知等对农户休闲农业生产行为的影响。研究发现,外部环境和市场服务、经营规则、改革认知、户主特征是影响农户是否从事休闲农业生产的显著因素。进一步分析发现,农户早从事和晚从事休闲农业生产的显著性影响因素存在差异;早从事者比较关注休闲农业生产决策自由度和收入预期,晚从事者比较关注休闲农业设施完善程度和补贴获取便利性。因此,要因时因地实行差别化的引导对策,以推进休闲农业合理化和高质量发展。

风险偏好、风险感知对新疆棉农低碳生产行为影响

完善风险管理、引导农户低碳生产是促进农业绿色低碳转型的关键。利用新疆289户棉农调研数据,运用Ordered Probit模型从低碳生产技术的风险和异质性视角实证分析风险偏好、风险感知对棉农低碳生产行为的影响。研究发现:样本棉农的低碳生产行为均值为5.443,处于中等采纳水平。风险偏好在1%水平上显著正向影响棉农低碳生产行为,风险感知在1%水平上显著负向影响棉农低碳生产行为,且在风险偏好与低碳生产行为间起显著负向调节作用。风险偏好和风险感知在异质性棉农中的作用差异较大。风险偏好对高文化程度和高种植经验棉农低碳技术采纳数量的影响更大,风险感知对低文化程度、低种植经验和非兼业棉农的低碳生产行为影响更大。风险偏好对组织和体制异质性棉农低碳生产行为的影响均在1%的水平上显著为正,但合作社棉农的风险感知与低碳生产行为在10%的水平上负相关,风险偏好与风险感知的交互项在10%的水平上正相关;兵团棉农的风险感知对其低碳生产行为无显著负向影响,且不具有调节作用。

空巢背景下农民群体的惠农信息传播行为实证研究

[目的/意义]基于空巢化乡村农民群体分众化的视角,调查守巢、两栖和离巢等三类农民群体惠农信息传播行为的特征,探究农民群体之间传播行为的差异性。[研究设计/方法]研究框架和问卷设计基于创新信息传播的5阶段模型,利用SPSS的CV变异对不同阶段的各农民群体在惠农信息传播中的行为特征进行统计分析和比较。[结论/发现]不同农民群体在惠农信息传播的认知、决策、执行等阶段的行为存在差异,并根据分析结论提出相应对策以提高农民的惠农信息传播效能。[创新/价值]将惠农信息传播受众扩展至非农“农民”,三类型农民群体划分的思想,为政府差异化服务策略提供新依据。

伊犁地区农户参与农民专业合作社意愿与行为差异研究

农民专业合作社的运营发展,能够提升农业专业化、机械化及组织化程度,在促进农业农村现代化过程中发挥了重要作用。本文基于计划行理论和可持续生计理论构建了农户合作社参与意愿与行为影响因素的分析框架,运用逻辑回归模型实证研究了影响农户合作社参与意愿与行为差异的影响因素。结果发现:行为态度、主观规范、行为控制、生计资本以及社会环境仍然会对农户参与合作社意愿与行为产生影响。最后,本文提出:提升合作社规模效益,保障农户经济性收入提升、加强合作社宣传工作,鼓励农户广泛参与合作社、促进多劳动力家庭入社,积极推动农业现代化发展、依靠生计资本可持续,推进农户生活持续改善、保障合作社运营外部环境,分类推进合作社改造提升。

农业保险对农户相对贫困脆弱性的门槛效应与作用机制

基于583份农户调研数据,运用工具变量法及门槛模型,从保障水平维度分析农业保险对农户相对贫困脆弱性的缓解效应,并基于农业生产行为视角考察其作用机理。研究表明:农业保险的保障水平对农户相对贫困脆弱性的影响具有门槛效应,仅在越过失效区间后,保障水平的提高可显著降低农户相对贫困脆弱性,且对农户的风险型相对贫困脆弱性和资本型相对贫困脆弱性均具有显著缓解效应,但对前者的影响效应更强;就作用机理看,有效区间内,保障水平的提高主要通过促进农户扩大土地投入规模与提高农机应用的农业生产行为,进而降低农户相对贫困脆弱性;就农户异质性看,有效区间内,保障水平的提高可显著降低小农户与新型农业经营主体的相对贫困脆弱性,且对小农户的影响效应更强。因此,需通过提升保障水平、健全农险与农业信贷融资的协同互动机制、增强农险政策指向性以提升农户的内生发展动力,推动农业保险助力防贫。

风险感知对果农有机肥施用意愿的影响——以山西万荣为例

本研究利用山西省万荣县苹果种植户的微观调查数据,采用二元Logit模型探索果农有机肥施用意愿的影响因素,果农作为生产经营的决策者,其有机肥施用意愿往往会受到自身对外界风险感知的影响,因而同时分析果农自身风险感知对其有机肥施用意愿的影响。研究发现:果农自身的有机肥施用意愿较低,有48.9%的农户表示不愿意采用有机肥;技术风险和市场风险感知越强的果农,采用有机肥的可能性越小;果农的年龄、接受培训次数都对农户有机肥使用意愿具有显著影响。因此,农技部门需要加大技术培训力度,提升果农的有机肥施用认知水平,政府需要继续完善农产品交易市场,同时增加农户施用有机肥的补贴可以进一步增强农户的抗风险能力,进而提高农户的有机肥施用意愿。