The Innovation System Dynamics of the Shrimp Farming Industry in Northeastern Brazil

The present article is an analysis of the innovation system dynamics of the shrimp farming industry in Northeastern Brazil along with the forms of interaction and exchange of information and know-how and the generation and diffusion of innovation characterizing its development. Brazil is the world＇s tenth-largest shrimp producer, with farms strongly concentrated in the Northeastern part of the country. Our findings show that the shrimp production/innovation system in Northeastern Brazil is highly institutionalized and is regulated, controlled and inspected by government agencies. In addition, the sector is now strongly networked with public universities, training and research institutions and other entities with varying degrees of autonomy and different forms of cooperation and integration. Parts of the technological innovations adopted by large companies in the sector are a spin-off of activities at universities and research centers. However, the close cooperation between public research/teaching institutions and large-scale producers is rarely extended to small and midsize businesses, whose interrelations become very fragile. The lack of communication between small producers and public research/teaching institutions makes it more difficult for farmers to assimilate new processes and to generate and incorporate innovations, compromising the dynamics of the production/innovation system of the shrimp farming industry in Northeastern Brazil.

Effect of Co-Culture of Chinese Shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) on Pond Environment

Monoculture of sea cucumber(pond S) and polyculture of shrimp with sea cucumber(pond SS) were established to evaluate the effect of shrimp on the environmental conditions of sea cucumber farming pond. Contributions of sediment organic matter(SOM2) resuspended from benthic sediment and the suspended particulate organic matter(SPOM) deposited from the water column to the precipitated organic matter(SOM1) collected with sediment traps were estimated with carbon stable isotope analysis. The results showed that the levels of SPOM and SOM2 in pond SS significantly decreased in comparison with those in pond S at the end of experiment(P < 0.05), indicating that co-culturing shrimp in sea cucumber farming pond could purify the farming water. Carbon stable isotope analysis showed that the proportion of SOM2 in SOM1 in pond SS(84.97% ± 0.38%) was significantly lower than that in pond S(95.20% ± 0.30%)(P < 0.05), suggesting that the resuspension of organic matter from benthic sediment into overlying water was reduced in polyculture pond. In contrast, the proportion of SPOM in SOM1 in pond SS(15.03% ± 0.38%) was significantly higher than that in pond S(4.80% ± 0.30%)(P < 0.05), indicating that the sedimentation of SPOM from water column was enhanced in pond SS owing to the biodeposition effect of shrimp.

Study on the Prediction System of Shrimp Field Distribution in the East China Sea Based on Big Data Analysis of Fishing Trajectories

In recent years,China has paid more and more attention to the development of marine economy and the management and protection of fishery resources.The management departments at all levels regulate and manage the fishing behavior of fishing vessels through the data of fishing trajectories.In this paper,the distribution of shrimp farms in the East China Sea is predicted by studying the trajectories and behavior patterns of shrimp boats in the system of fishing trajectories.At the same time,a set of shrimp farm distribution management system based on Back Propagation algorithm is established.It can monitor the trajectories of fishing boats and the distribution of shrimp groups in real time,which effectively improves the work efficiency and management mode of the management department.It also plays a positive role in regulating the behavior of fishing boats at sea.

Ecology of antibiotic resistant vibrios in traditional shrimp farming system(bhery)of West Bengal,India

Objective:To study the ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria with emphasis on sucrose negative vibrios in water and sediments samples of traditional shrimp farming system(bhery)in West Bengal,India.Methods:The vibrios were isolated from traditional shrimp farm samples on thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar and sucrose negative bacterial strains were used as biomarkers to assess the frequency of antibiotic resistance.Results:The incoming water brought presumptive vibrios ranging from 5.50×10^(1)to 1.00×10^(3)mL in to the bhery,and there appeared to build up vibrios in the culture system with days of culture,as there was about 9 fold increase in vibrios.The levels of vibrios were observed to be moderately higher in outlet water and ranged between 4.15×10^(2)and 4.15x10^(3)mL.The counts of vibrios in pond sediment was found to be 1.00x10^(2)-4.90×10^(3)g;while in inlet(2.00×10^(2)-4.20×10^(4)g)and outlet(3.00×10^(2)-6.85×10^(3)g)their levels were observed to be higher than the pond sediment.Thirteen different Vibrio species were encountered in traditional shrimp culture system and all vibrios were sensitive to chloramphenicol,followed by ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin(98.24%),gentamicin(95.61%)and other antibiotics.The multiple antibiotic resistance(MAR),i.e.,resistance to at least two antibiotics,was noticed among 43.85%of the sucrose negative vibrios and 41.86%of the sucrose negative non--vibrios.All vibrios harveyi strains exhibited MAR.Although no antibiotic was used in the bhery,the prevalence of MAR in 44%of the sucrose negative vibrios and nonvibrios is a cause of concern.The MAR index was higher in inlet water and sediment samples.The MAR observed in biomarker strains of pond water and sediment(40%)was comparable to those of inlet samples,thus confirming the fact that incoming water was the major source of antibiotic resistant bacteria.Conclusions:It seems that the shrimp culture in bhery does not favour the proliferation and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.