Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present st...Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat （PRF） and subcutaneous fat （SCF） when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Diets included a control diet containing 70：30 red clover silage： barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed （SS） substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers＇ grain with solubles （DDGS-15） or 30% DDGS （DDGS-30）. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF （80：20 w/w）. Results： Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more （P 〈0.05） 18：0, 11.8% less cis （c）9-18：1 （P 〈0.05）, and 1.82% more total trdns （t）-18：1 mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1. During sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater （P 〈0.05） mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased （P 〈0.05） t-18：1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1, feeding DGGS-15 diet led to no further changes （P 〉0.05）, but feeding DDGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of （P 〈0.05） of t-18：1 chiefly tl 1-18：1. Feeding SS and DDGS diets had small but significant （P 〈0.05） effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Conclusions： Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% DDGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18：2n-6 biohydrogenation products （Le., t11-18：1） with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.展开更多
Direct and dendrographic comparison of the profiles of abundant fatty acids in depot fat was unable to separate 10 avian species on a basis of their overall proportions but was able to distinguish broad dietary groups...Direct and dendrographic comparison of the profiles of abundant fatty acids in depot fat was unable to separate 10 avian species on a basis of their overall proportions but was able to distinguish broad dietary groups or those in a habitat with distinctive nutritional characteristics such as avian marine carnivores. In all species considered, including North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), oleic (C18:1) and palmitic acids (C16:0) were most abundant. The relative proportions of linolenic (C18:3) acid were 4% or lower across all species, while the relative proportions of palmitoleic acid (C18:0) were less than 7% in nine of the avian species, with the exception being the insectivorous red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceous). The levels of linoleic acid (C18:2) were lower in avian marine carnivores than in avian herbivores, insectivores, and omnivores. Whilst the mean values of the individual fatty acids in fat from various avian species were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis, the wide range of values of each fatty acid precluded any correlation of clustering with any known variation in dietary items. Similarly, the wide range in fatty acid composition of kiwi fat rendered it unhelpful in determining the optimum composition of the captive diet.展开更多
基金funded by the Alberta Meat and Livestock Agency(ALMA)
文摘Background： Hamburger is the most consumed beef product in North America, but lacks in nutritional appeal due to its high fat content and high proportion of saturated fatty acids （SFA）. Objectives of the present study were to improve the FA profiles of hamburgers made with perirenal fat （PRF） and subcutaneous fat （SCF） when feeding steers different diets along with examining differences in sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Diets included a control diet containing 70：30 red clover silage： barley based concentrate, a diet containing sunflower-seed （SS） substituted for barley, and diets containing SS with 15% wheat dried distillers＇ grain with solubles （DDGS-15） or 30% DDGS （DDGS-30）. Hamburgers were made from triceps brachii and either PRF or SCF （80：20 w/w）. Results： Perirenal fat versus SCF hamburgers FA had 14.3% more （P 〈0.05） 18：0, 11.8% less cis （c）9-18：1 （P 〈0.05）, and 1.82% more total trdns （t）-18：1 mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1. During sensory evaluation, PRF versus SCF hamburgers had greater （P 〈0.05） mouth coating, but the difference was less than one panel unit. Examining effects of steer diet within PRF hamburgers, feeding the SS compared to the control diet increased （P 〈0.05） t-18：1 by 2.89% mainly in the form of tl 1-18：1, feeding DGGS-15 diet led to no further changes （P 〉0.05）, but feeding DDGS-30 diet reduced the proportions of （P 〈0.05） of t-18：1 chiefly tl 1-18：1. Feeding SS and DDGS diets had small but significant （P 〈0.05） effects on hamburger sensory attributes and oxidative stability. Conclusions： Feeding high-forage diets including SS and 15% DDGS, and taking advantage of the FA heterogeneity between fat depots offers an opportunity to differentially enhance beef hamburgers with 18：2n-6 biohydrogenation products （Le., t11-18：1） with potential human health benefits without compromising their sensory attributes and oxidative stability during retail display.
文摘Direct and dendrographic comparison of the profiles of abundant fatty acids in depot fat was unable to separate 10 avian species on a basis of their overall proportions but was able to distinguish broad dietary groups or those in a habitat with distinctive nutritional characteristics such as avian marine carnivores. In all species considered, including North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), oleic (C18:1) and palmitic acids (C16:0) were most abundant. The relative proportions of linolenic (C18:3) acid were 4% or lower across all species, while the relative proportions of palmitoleic acid (C18:0) were less than 7% in nine of the avian species, with the exception being the insectivorous red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceous). The levels of linoleic acid (C18:2) were lower in avian marine carnivores than in avian herbivores, insectivores, and omnivores. Whilst the mean values of the individual fatty acids in fat from various avian species were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis, the wide range of values of each fatty acid precluded any correlation of clustering with any known variation in dietary items. Similarly, the wide range in fatty acid composition of kiwi fat rendered it unhelpful in determining the optimum composition of the captive diet.
