Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically F...Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically Favela da Rocinha’s buildings, in Rio de Janeiro. The goal was finding the organizational foundations of self-built houses in an informal settlement. A methodology was developed to find composition patterns and to infer a set of rules which defines a shape grammar of Rocinha houses, allowing synthesis and analysis of low cost solutions for house designs. And above all, it highlights underlying design solutions produced empirically by inhabitants of favelas, emphasizing the diversity in favela’s architecture, and, that is also able to reflect the particular necessities of targeted population.展开更多
Spaces of informality, such as favelas, barriadas and tugurios are seen by media, municipalities and security institutions as dangerous places. Today municipalities and international agencies use new forms of urban up...Spaces of informality, such as favelas, barriadas and tugurios are seen by media, municipalities and security institutions as dangerous places. Today municipalities and international agencies use new forms of urban upgrading as tools to address both the traditional structural problems of poverty and also as tools for violence prevention. While a causation between informal spaces and insecurity clearly does not exist, there is an interest in understanding the influence of physical interventions in neighborhood security behavior. This research tests ways in which urban projects alter perceptions of security among favela dwellers over time, in the Rio de Janeiro ＂Favela-Bairro＂ urban upgrading project. Finds that while security conditions are marginally affected, location close to main roads part of the urban upgrading project affect residents＇ security perceptions positively. However, individuals in less accessible areas of the favela present less openness to address security questions. It argues that individual proximity to upgraded main roads experience shelter from the effects of retaliation from perverse actors than those that have their accessibility impeded. Other projects such as public spaces or buildings show no significative changes in security perceptions.展开更多
Favelas are low-income urban communities in Brazil,and Maréin Rio de Janeiro has the largest cluster of favelas in the country.The prevailing view of a unique,regulated,and normative city conflicts with the reali...Favelas are low-income urban communities in Brazil,and Maréin Rio de Janeiro has the largest cluster of favelas in the country.The prevailing view of a unique,regulated,and normative city conflicts with the reality of the continued expansion of the favelas,posing challenges for architects and urban planners in developing new strategies for integrating informal areas with the main city.This study focused on a decaying industrial area adjacent to the Maréfavelas and explored a sustainable path for improving both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of the residents.Effective infrastructure and socioeconomic links between the favelas and the city were proposed.The home production model that emerged from the favelas inspired the use of the abandoned industrial area as a home-industry incubator.The study proposed an urban regeneration strategy involving a bottom-up industry-space process evolving from home industries to group industries,and finally to larger community industries.This strategy can accelerate Maré’s development and integration with the city of Rio de Janeiro.展开更多
文摘Shape grammar has been used by many researchers to identify and/or define languages in architectural design. This paper presents a methodology developed using shape grammar to analyze the informal city, specifically Favela da Rocinha’s buildings, in Rio de Janeiro. The goal was finding the organizational foundations of self-built houses in an informal settlement. A methodology was developed to find composition patterns and to infer a set of rules which defines a shape grammar of Rocinha houses, allowing synthesis and analysis of low cost solutions for house designs. And above all, it highlights underlying design solutions produced empirically by inhabitants of favelas, emphasizing the diversity in favela’s architecture, and, that is also able to reflect the particular necessities of targeted population.
文摘Spaces of informality, such as favelas, barriadas and tugurios are seen by media, municipalities and security institutions as dangerous places. Today municipalities and international agencies use new forms of urban upgrading as tools to address both the traditional structural problems of poverty and also as tools for violence prevention. While a causation between informal spaces and insecurity clearly does not exist, there is an interest in understanding the influence of physical interventions in neighborhood security behavior. This research tests ways in which urban projects alter perceptions of security among favela dwellers over time, in the Rio de Janeiro ＂Favela-Bairro＂ urban upgrading project. Finds that while security conditions are marginally affected, location close to main roads part of the urban upgrading project affect residents＇ security perceptions positively. However, individuals in less accessible areas of the favela present less openness to address security questions. It argues that individual proximity to upgraded main roads experience shelter from the effects of retaliation from perverse actors than those that have their accessibility impeded. Other projects such as public spaces or buildings show no significative changes in security perceptions.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant Number 2018YFC0704902]。
文摘Favelas are low-income urban communities in Brazil,and Maréin Rio de Janeiro has the largest cluster of favelas in the country.The prevailing view of a unique,regulated,and normative city conflicts with the reality of the continued expansion of the favelas,posing challenges for architects and urban planners in developing new strategies for integrating informal areas with the main city.This study focused on a decaying industrial area adjacent to the Maréfavelas and explored a sustainable path for improving both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of the residents.Effective infrastructure and socioeconomic links between the favelas and the city were proposed.The home production model that emerged from the favelas inspired the use of the abandoned industrial area as a home-industry incubator.The study proposed an urban regeneration strategy involving a bottom-up industry-space process evolving from home industries to group industries,and finally to larger community industries.This strategy can accelerate Maré’s development and integration with the city of Rio de Janeiro.
