In order to investigate the injection current uniformity around the induction cell bores, two fully electromagnetic （EM） models are respectively established for a single-stage induction cell and an induction voltage...In order to investigate the injection current uniformity around the induction cell bores, two fully electromagnetic （EM） models are respectively established for a single-stage induction cell and an induction voltage adder （IVA） with three cells stacked in series, without considering electron emission. By means of these two models, some factors affecting the injection current uni- formity are simulated and analyzed, such as the impedances of adders and loads, cell locations, and feed timing of parallel driving pulses. Simulation results indicate that higher impedances of adder and loads are slightly beneficial to improve injection current uniformity. As the impedances of adder and loads increase from 5 Ω to 30Ω, the asymmetric coefficient of feed currents decreases from 10.3% to 6.6%. The current non-uniformity within the first cell is a little worse than that in other downstream cells. Simulation results also show that the feed timing would greatly affect current waveforms, and consequently cause some distortion in pulse fronts of cell output voltages. For a given driving pulse with duration time of 70-80 ns, the feed timing with a time deviation of less than 20 ns is acceptable for the three-cell IVAs, just causing the rise time of output voltages to increase about 5 ns at most and making the peak voltage decrease by 3.5%.展开更多
The finite element modeling of three dimensional structures is important for researchers especially in the field of antennas and other domains of electromagnetic waves. This paper presents a finite element calculation...The finite element modeling of three dimensional structures is important for researchers especially in the field of antennas and other domains of electromagnetic waves. This paper presents a finite element calculations and numerical analysis for the microstrip patch antennas. In this paper, two different designs have been modelled and analyzed and both designs are based on the rectangular patches. The feeding point of one design is inside the patch while the other design contains feeding point outside the patch is T shaped. The computational analysis showed some interesting results for radiation pattern and far field domain. For these designs, the characteristic impedance taken is 50 Ω and the operating frequency domain is 1.4 to 1.7 GHz. The microstrip patch antennas are encapsulated in the inert spherical atmosphere of 20 mm thickness containing air inside it.展开更多
为研究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)仔稚鱼发育特点,并确定仔鱼最佳投饵时间及饥饿不可逆点(point of no return,PNR),在水温19.7~26.7℃下,研究了饥饿胁迫对鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼生长、形态和行为的影响。结果表明:鸭绿沙塘鳢仔稚鱼发...为研究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)仔稚鱼发育特点,并确定仔鱼最佳投饵时间及饥饿不可逆点(point of no return,PNR),在水温19.7~26.7℃下,研究了饥饿胁迫对鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼生长、形态和行为的影响。结果表明:鸭绿沙塘鳢仔稚鱼发育较独特,鳍条在胚胎期已完全分离,鳞片初发生时卵黄囊未完全消失;根据鳞片形成的特点,将鸭绿沙塘鳢仔稚鱼发育划分为仔鱼期(孵化后0~14日龄)和稚鱼期(孵化后15~44日龄);初孵仔鱼全长为(7.72±0.09)mm,卵黄囊体积为(0.74±0.04)mm^(3),口张开,肛门贯通,尾骨上翘,耳石、鳃弓、鳃丝、齿及各鳍鳍条均可见;孵化后1日龄仔鱼开口,4日龄仔鱼卵黄囊消耗50%,15日龄仔鱼鳞片首先出现在尾柄中轴线附近,发育进入稚鱼期,18日龄稚鱼卵黄囊消耗90%,30日龄稚鱼卵黄囊及油球消失,44日龄稚鱼头顶部和鳃盖处的鳞片覆盖形成,鳞被完全,发育进入幼鱼期;鸭绿沙塘鳢全长与孵化后日龄呈二次多项式函数关系,卵黄囊体积与孵化后日龄呈对数函数关系;鸭绿沙塘鳢孵化后1日龄仔鱼开口率为40%,2~8日龄仔鱼开口率达最高值100%,9日龄仔鱼开口率开始下降,12~13日龄仔鱼到达饥饿不可逆点(PNR),13~14日龄饥饿仔鱼累计死亡率达50%,18日龄饥饿稚鱼全部死亡;投喂组仔鱼的全长、眼径、尾柄高、卵黄囊体积和鳔体积,分别从6、8、5、1、5日龄起显著高于饥饿组(P<0.05),饥饿仔鱼的全长、眼径、尾柄高和鳔体积,分别从14、13、13、10日龄起出现负增长,这表明饥饿对仔鱼生长发育有延迟作用。研究表明,鸭绿沙塘鳢在仔鱼期器官发育较完善是对栖息地山区河流生态适应的结果,其最佳开口时间为孵化后1~2日龄,PNR为12~13日龄。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51307141)partly by the State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation(Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology)under Contract SKLIPR 1206
文摘In order to investigate the injection current uniformity around the induction cell bores, two fully electromagnetic （EM） models are respectively established for a single-stage induction cell and an induction voltage adder （IVA） with three cells stacked in series, without considering electron emission. By means of these two models, some factors affecting the injection current uni- formity are simulated and analyzed, such as the impedances of adders and loads, cell locations, and feed timing of parallel driving pulses. Simulation results indicate that higher impedances of adder and loads are slightly beneficial to improve injection current uniformity. As the impedances of adder and loads increase from 5 Ω to 30Ω, the asymmetric coefficient of feed currents decreases from 10.3% to 6.6%. The current non-uniformity within the first cell is a little worse than that in other downstream cells. Simulation results also show that the feed timing would greatly affect current waveforms, and consequently cause some distortion in pulse fronts of cell output voltages. For a given driving pulse with duration time of 70-80 ns, the feed timing with a time deviation of less than 20 ns is acceptable for the three-cell IVAs, just causing the rise time of output voltages to increase about 5 ns at most and making the peak voltage decrease by 3.5%.
文摘The finite element modeling of three dimensional structures is important for researchers especially in the field of antennas and other domains of electromagnetic waves. This paper presents a finite element calculations and numerical analysis for the microstrip patch antennas. In this paper, two different designs have been modelled and analyzed and both designs are based on the rectangular patches. The feeding point of one design is inside the patch while the other design contains feeding point outside the patch is T shaped. The computational analysis showed some interesting results for radiation pattern and far field domain. For these designs, the characteristic impedance taken is 50 Ω and the operating frequency domain is 1.4 to 1.7 GHz. The microstrip patch antennas are encapsulated in the inert spherical atmosphere of 20 mm thickness containing air inside it.
文摘为研究鸭绿沙塘鳢(Odontobutis yaluensis)仔稚鱼发育特点,并确定仔鱼最佳投饵时间及饥饿不可逆点(point of no return,PNR),在水温19.7~26.7℃下,研究了饥饿胁迫对鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼生长、形态和行为的影响。结果表明:鸭绿沙塘鳢仔稚鱼发育较独特,鳍条在胚胎期已完全分离,鳞片初发生时卵黄囊未完全消失;根据鳞片形成的特点,将鸭绿沙塘鳢仔稚鱼发育划分为仔鱼期(孵化后0~14日龄)和稚鱼期(孵化后15~44日龄);初孵仔鱼全长为(7.72±0.09)mm,卵黄囊体积为(0.74±0.04)mm^(3),口张开,肛门贯通,尾骨上翘,耳石、鳃弓、鳃丝、齿及各鳍鳍条均可见;孵化后1日龄仔鱼开口,4日龄仔鱼卵黄囊消耗50%,15日龄仔鱼鳞片首先出现在尾柄中轴线附近,发育进入稚鱼期,18日龄稚鱼卵黄囊消耗90%,30日龄稚鱼卵黄囊及油球消失,44日龄稚鱼头顶部和鳃盖处的鳞片覆盖形成,鳞被完全,发育进入幼鱼期;鸭绿沙塘鳢全长与孵化后日龄呈二次多项式函数关系,卵黄囊体积与孵化后日龄呈对数函数关系;鸭绿沙塘鳢孵化后1日龄仔鱼开口率为40%,2~8日龄仔鱼开口率达最高值100%,9日龄仔鱼开口率开始下降,12~13日龄仔鱼到达饥饿不可逆点(PNR),13~14日龄饥饿仔鱼累计死亡率达50%,18日龄饥饿稚鱼全部死亡;投喂组仔鱼的全长、眼径、尾柄高、卵黄囊体积和鳔体积,分别从6、8、5、1、5日龄起显著高于饥饿组(P<0.05),饥饿仔鱼的全长、眼径、尾柄高和鳔体积,分别从14、13、13、10日龄起出现负增长,这表明饥饿对仔鱼生长发育有延迟作用。研究表明,鸭绿沙塘鳢在仔鱼期器官发育较完善是对栖息地山区河流生态适应的结果,其最佳开口时间为孵化后1~2日龄,PNR为12~13日龄。
