Pravastatin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced placental TLR4 over-activation and promotes uterine arteriole remodeling without impairing rat fetal development

Preeclampsia is associated with over-activation of the innate immune system in the placenta,in which toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） plays an essential part.With their potent anti-inflammatory effects,statins have been suggested as potential prevention or treatment of preeclampsia,although evidence remains inadequate.Herewith,we investigated whether pravastatin could ameliorate preeclampsia-like phenotypes in a previously established lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced rat preeclampsia model,through targeting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.The results showed that pravastatin reduced the blood pressure [maximum decline on gestational day（GD） 12,（101.33±2.49） mmHg vs.（118.3±1.37） mmHg,P〈0.05] and urine protein level [maximum decline on GD9,（3,726.23± 1,572.86） μg vs.（1,991.03 ±609.37）μg,P〈 0.05],which were elevated following LPS administration.Pravastatin also significantly reduced the rate of fetal growth restriction in LPS-treated rats（34.10% vs.8.99%,P〈0.05）.Further pathological analyses suggested a restoration of normal spiral artery remodeling in preeclampsia rats by pravastatin treatment.These effects of pravastatin were associated with decreased TLR4/NF-κB protein levels in the placenta and IL-6/MCP-1 levels in serum.Additionally,no obvious abnormalities in fetal liver,brain,and kidney were found after administration of pravastatin.These results provide supportive evidence for use of pravastatin in preventing preeclampsia.

Relationships between Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Neurodevelopmental Diagnoses

Objective: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are overrepresented in early intervention programs, foster care, special education, juvenile corrections, and mental health services. In this study, we examine relationships between FASD and non-FASD controls for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: A chart review was conducted among patients seen at our clinic from 2010-2017 with data on FASD, ACEs, neurodevelopmental diagnoses, and foster or residential care placement available. Results: Relative risk for FASD was increased in patients with increased ACE scores (RR = 5.08), increased numbers of neurodevelopmental diagnoses (RR = 2.36), and patients who have been in foster or residential care (RR = 9.53). FASD risk increased as ACE scores or the number of neurodevelopmental diagnoses increased. Patients with any ACEs were 3.96 times more likely to have FASD, and those with eight or more ACEs were 6.31 times more likely to have FASD than those with no ACEs. Patients with three or more neurodevelopmental diagnoses were 6.55 times more likely to have FASD than those with two or fewer diagnoses. Nine or more diagnoses increased the risk for FASD ten-fold (RR = 10.91). Conversely, patients diagnosed with FASD were more likely to have at least three ACEs (RR = 3.71), at least five neurodevelopmental diagnoses (RR = 1.61), and high rates of previous foster or residential care placement (RR = 5.39). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that all children being considered for placement in foster care or residential should be screened for FASD.

Development of a surgical procedure for removal of a placentome from a pregnant ewe during gestation

Background: In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the impact of insults during pregnancy on postnatal health and disease. It is known that changes in placental development can impact fetal growth and subsequent susceptibility to adult onset diseases;however, a method to collect sufficient placental tissues for both histological and gene expression analyses during gestation without compromising the pregnancy has not been described. The ewe is an established biomedical model for the study of fetal development. Due to its cotyledonary placental type, the sheep has potential for surgical removal of materno-fetal exchange tissues, i.e., placentomes. A novel surgical procedure was developed in well-fed control ewes to excise a single placentome at mid-gestation.Results: A follow-up study was performed in a cohort of nutrient-restricted ewes to investigate rapid placental changes in response to undernutrition. The surgery averaged 19 min, and there were no viability differences between control and sham ewes. Nutrient restricted fetuses were smaller than controls(4.7 ± 0.1 kg vs. 5.6 ± 0.2 kg;P < 0.05), with greater dam weight loss(-32.4 ± 1.3 kg vs. 14.2 ± 2.2 kg;P < 0.01), and smaller placentomes at necropsy(5.7 ± 0.3 g vs. 7.2 ± 0.9 g;P < 0.05). Weight of sampled placentomes and placentome numbers did not differ.Conclusions: With this technique, gestational studies in the sheep model will provide insight into the onset and complexity of changes in gene expression in placentomes resulting from undernutrition(as described in our study),overnutrition, alcohol or substance abuse, and environmental or disease factors of relevance and concern regarding the reproductive health and developmental origins of health and disease in humans and in animals.

Effects of Placental Isoferritin on the Mouse Embryo Development in vitro

To investigate the effect of placental isoferritin （PLF） on mouse embryo development in vitro, mice 2-cell embryos were co-cultured with human first trimester decidual cells at different concentrations of PLF in vitro. The following changes of the above system were observed under an invert microscope and the number of embryos were recorded and the embryos were classified. The results showed there was no significant difference in the percentage of embryos development to 4-cell 8-cell and morula （P〉0.05）. PLF at the doses of 10 and 100 U/mL significantly enhanced more embryos development to the blastocyst and hatching blastocyst （P〈0.05）. PLF at the dose of 1000 U/mL depressed more embryos development from 2-cell to hatching blastocyst, meanwhile such phenomena as cell degeneration and irregular cleavage were observed in part of embryos, but there was no significant difference in statistics （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that PLF at the concentration of 10-- 100 U/mL had no significant effects on the early development of mice embryos, however, PLF could promote the growth, differentiation, and hatching of preimplantion blastocysts.

Mechanisms of developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome and related disorders

There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight, preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome (obesity, raised blood pressure, raised serum triglycerides, lowered serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance) and related disorders. This "fetal or developmental origins/programming of disease" concept is now well accepted but the "programming" mechanisms remain poorly understood. We reviewed the major evidence, implications and limitations of current hypotheses in interpreting developmental programming and discuss future research directions. Major current hypotheses to interpret developmental programming include: (1)thrifty phenotype; (2) postnatal accelerated or catchup growth; (3) glucocorticoid effects; (4) epigenetic changes; (5) oxidative stress; (6) prenatal hypoxia; (7) placental dysfunction; and (8) reduced stem cell number. Some hypothetical mechanisms (2, 4 and 8) could be driven by other upstream "driver" mechanisms. There is a lack of animal studies addressing multiple mechanisms simultaneously and a lack of strong evidence linking clinical outcomes to biomarkers of the proposed programming mechanisms in humans. There are needs for (1) experimental studies addressing multiple hypothetical mechanisms simultaneously; and (2) prospective pregnancy cohort studies linking biomarkers of the proposed mechanisms to clinical outcomes or surrogate biomarker endpoints. A better understanding of the programming mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing early life interventions to arrest the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other related disorders.

孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系

目的:探讨孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院行抗核抗体谱检测的孕妇2490例,通过胎儿四维彩超和超声心动图检测胎儿发育情况。使用免疫印迹法检测孕妇血清抗核抗体谱(抗双链DNA、核小体、组蛋白、核糖体蛋白P、SM、nRNP、SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La、着丝点、Scl-70和Jo-1抗体)。比较胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗核抗体谱阳性检出情况,胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体和抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出情况。分析抗核抗体谱在胎儿心脏异常中的诊断价值。结果:2490例孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为5.38%。胎儿发育异常孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为7.2%(37/514),高于胎儿发育正常孕妇的4.9%(97/1976)(P=0.040)。胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La和着丝点抗体阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);78例胎儿心脏异常,其中心血管畸形51例、心律失常27例。胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体、抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体预测胎儿心脏发育异常的敏感度和阴性预测值分别为0.090和0.971;抗着丝点抗体预测的特异度和阳性预测值分别为0.999和0.400。结论:孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体以及抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性,可能提示胎儿心脏发育异常。

Effects of Late Preterm Birth on the Incidence of Developmental Delays among Children at 3 Years of Age: A Matched-Pair Case-Control Study

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton late preterm children and full-term (38 - 40 weeks of gestation) children born at Showa University Hospital. The developmental outcomes at 3 years of age were assessed based on the results of questionnaires sent to the families by mail. In addition, the incidence of developmental delays was compared between the late preterm and full-term children. In the full-term control group, perinatal characteristics (neonatal gender, Apgar score, Cesarean delivery, birth weight < 10th percentile, birth weight < 3rd percentile) were matched with those of the late preterm cases. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. For variables with a non-normal distribution, Welch’s t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The rate of return of the questionnaires was 25.9% (121) among the cases and 25.8% (163) among the controls. The frequency of developmental delays was 6.6% among the cases, compared with 4.3% among the controls. Conclusions: Matching the perinatal characteristics of the subjects, the frequency of developmental delays was similar between the two groups.

Prenatal amoxicillin exposure induces developmental toxicity in fetal mice and its characteristics

Amoxicillin,a widely used antibiotic in human and veterinary pharmaceuticals,is now considered as an“emerging contaminant”because it exists widespreadly in the environment and brings a series of adverse outcomes.Currently,systematic studies about the developmental toxicity of amoxicillin are still lacking.We explored the potential effects of amoxicillin exposure on pregnancy outcomes,maternal/fetal serum phenotypes,and fetal multiple organ development in mice,at different doses(75,150,300 mg/(kg·day))during late-pregnancy,or at a dose of 300 mg/(kg·day)during different stages(mid-/latepregnancy)and courses(single-/multi-course).Results showed that prenatal amoxicillin exposure(PAmE)had no significant infuence on the body weights of dams,but it could inhibit the physical development and reduce the survival rate of fetuses,especially during the midpregnancy.Meanwhile,PAmE altered multiple maternal/fetal serum phenotypes,especially in fetuses.Fetal multi-organ function results showed that PAmE inhibited testicular/adrenal steroid synthesis,long bone/cartilage and hippocampal development,and enhanced ovarian steroid synthesis and hepatic glycogenesis/lipogenesis,and the order of severity might be gonad(testis,ovary)>liver>others.Further analysis found that PAmE-induced multiorgan developmental and functional alterations had differences in stages,courses and fetal gender,and the most obvious changes might be in high-dose,late-pregnancy and multicourse,but there was no typical rule of a dose-response relationship.In conclusion,this study confirmed that PAmE could cause abnormal development and multi-organ function alterations,which deepens our understanding of the risk of PAmE and provides an experimental basis for further exploration of the long-term harm.

Relationship of lupus nephritis and pregnancy:A narrative review

Pregnancy in women with lupus,particularly those with lupus nephritis(LN),carries an increased risk of adverse outcomes.Women with active LN at the time of conception are at a high risk of poor maternal and fetal outcomes.Recent studies indicate that even in the presence of quiescent disease,factors such as hypertension and positive lupus anticoagulant are predictors of worse pregnancy outcomes.Consequently,pre-conception evaluation is essential to ensure that pursuing pregnancy is safe and timely,and to facilitate proper planning for optimizing medical regimens,discontinuing teratogenic agents,and treating active disease.Additionally,pre-existing LN is associated with higher rates of preeclampsia and hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and low platelet count syndrome.Women with lupus and prior LN can have successful pregnancies,but a multidisciplinary approach with close monitoring is essential for optimal outcomes.By systematically reviewing the available evidence,this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the complex interaction between LN and pregnancy,offering insights to guide clinical practice and future research in this field.

SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性试验背景数据的建立

目的总结国家药物安全评价监测中心2013-2022年SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性试验各指标的正常值范围,建立SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性试验各指标的背景数据库,为药物胚胎-胎仔发育毒性评价提供参考。方法对本中心2013-2022年11项SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性试验中对照组共计205只孕鼠和3037只胎鼠各项胚胎发育和胎仔生长发育指标进行统计分析,计算其平均数、标准差、变异系数和95%置信区间。指标包括孕鼠妊娠期体重和体重增长幅度、孕鼠摄食量、妊娠结局(妊娠率、平均黄体数、平均着床数、平均活胎数、活胎率、吸收胎率、死胎率)、胎仔生长发育情况(胎仔重、胎盘重、性别比)、胎仔外观异常率、内脏异常率和骨骼异常率。结果孕鼠妊娠期体重呈增长趋势,妊娠后期体重增长幅度明显增大。孕鼠摄食量随着妊娠时间的增加呈增长趋势。妊娠第20天进行剖腹产,妊娠率为93.2%,平均黄体数、着床数和活胎数分别为18.0±3.2,15.9±2.8和14.8±3.0,活胎率为93.4%,死胎率为6.6%;胎仔雄/雌性别比为0.94,平均体重为(3.6±0.3)g,胎盘平均重量为(0.6±0.3)g。胎仔外观异常发生率约为0.2%,内脏异常率约为0.8%。骨骼异常率约为1.2%,未骨化和骨化不全的发生率较高,主要发生于胸骨和舌骨等,胎仔的掌骨骨化数、跖骨骨化数和骶尾椎骨化数分别为7.0±0.7,8.0±0.1和7.4±0.5,第Ⅰ~Ⅳ胸骨骨化率较高,平均为98.6%~99.9%,第Ⅴ胸骨骨化率为(68.0±28.4)%,第Ⅵ胸骨骨化率为(82.8±23.9)%。结论初步建立了本GLP实验室SD大鼠胚胎-胎仔发育毒性试验中各指标背景数据库,为生殖毒性研究提供参考。

婴幼儿髋关节发育不良的危险因素研究

目的探究分析婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析本院在2022年1月至2024年3月收治的166例可疑DDH婴幼儿的病历资料,按不同月龄选择不同的影像学检查:即0~6月婴幼儿采取Graf法超声检查;≥7月婴幼儿采用X线检查。根据影像学诊断结果,将研究对象分为髋关节发育不良阳性组与阴性组,其中阳性组73例,阴性组93例,收集2组资料,并采用多因素广义线性回归分析法(Logistic)分析婴幼儿DDH的危险因素。结果阳性组患儿的性别、家族遗传史、臀位、羊水量<300 mL、头胎、多胎、传统襁褓、首检月龄、髋关节弹响、肌性斜颈例数均多于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic分析,女性、有家族遗传史、臀位、羊水量<300 m L、头胎、多胎、有传统襁褓史、首检月龄≥3个月、有髋关节弹响、有肌性斜颈情况是婴幼儿DDH的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论婴幼儿是女性、有家族遗传史、臀位、羊水量<300 mL、头胎、多胎、有传统襁褓史、首检月龄≥3个月以及检查合并有髋关节弹响、肌性斜颈情况可能会出现DDH,针对各影响因素为降低婴幼儿DDH发生提供参考。

健康和疾病的发育起源理论研究进展

基于生活环境、健康和疾病在分子水平上密切相关的核心理念,健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)理论为健康与疾病间的关联研究提供了全新视角。该理论通过多学科、多领域的知识互通,追溯不同的生活经历如何影响生命全过程中的健康和疾病风险。成人期疾病的敏感窗口期不再局限于妊娠前和妊娠期,分娩期至成年早期也成为暴露因素发挥作用的重要时段。母源性/父源性因素、环境因素、新生儿出生状况、儿童期代谢情况等能够通过影响表观遗传、代谢和免疫调控、氧化应激等,改变发育程序并对子代远期健康产生正向或负向影响。因此,为实现健康促进,需要同步推进早期生命阶段预防、后期随访及健康干预的关口前移,以期有效降低成年期疾病风险,提升生命全周期健康水平。综述DOHaD领域最新研究进展对阐明人类发展早期阶段发生的不良事件影响健康和疾病模式及发现有效干预措施具有积极意义。

云南白药对大鼠的胚胎-胎仔发育毒性的影响

目的:评价口服给予云南白药对妊娠SD大鼠的母体毒性、胚胎-胎仔发育毒性和致畸性。方法:将交配成功后的雌性SD大鼠于孕期第6-15天连续10天经口给予云南白药,剂量为4、1.4和0.5 g/(kg·d),阴性对照组给予超纯水。实验过程中观察大鼠的一般反应、定期记录体质量及摄食量;于妊娠第20天解剖孕鼠,记录黄体数、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数、着床数及子宫连胎重、胎盘的质量;观察胎仔的外观形态,记录体质量、身长、尾长,并检查骨骼和内脏。结果:云南白药对孕鼠有一定的母体毒性,主要表现为高剂量组大鼠给药后出现流涎、活动减少,部分打嗝、打喷嚏、挠嘴巴、呼吸音加粗等可逆性的异常反应;各剂量组大鼠体重增长减缓;高、中剂量组摄食量偏少;高、中剂量组胎鼠体质量明显小于阴性对照组,但胚胎形成、胎鼠外观形态、内脏发育和骨骼发育均无明显生物学影响。结论:在本试验条件下,云南白药对SD大鼠有一定的母体毒性但未见其他明显胚胎-胎仔发育毒性,无明显致畸作用。云南白药大鼠的胚胎及胎仔的发育无毒性反应剂量(NOAEL)为0.5 g/kg。

活血消异方对子宫内膜异位症大鼠胎仔围产期发育毒性的初步研究

目的评价活血消异方对子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠胎仔—围产期发育毒性的影响。方法采用改良同种异体移植法建立子宫内膜异位症模型大鼠,设空白组、模型组及假手术组,并以低剂量(每毫升1.8 g 生药)、高剂量(每毫升3.6 g 生药)的活血消异方灌胃,妊娠第20天处死部分大鼠,观察各组胎鼠数量、体质量、身长、尾长以及畸形情况;另有部分孕鼠自然分娩后比较各组子代断乳后存活率、畸形率及离乳后子代体质量、成年后生育力等。结果孕20 d模型组大鼠平均胎鼠数量明显少于其他各组(P<0.05);活血消异方高、低剂量组平均胎鼠数明显高于模型组(P<0.05);模型组胎鼠体质量、身长、尾长与空白组、假手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中药组胎鼠体质量、身长、尾长略低于空白组及模型组(P<0.05);各组胎仔骨骼均未出现缺失和畸形。离乳前各组子代大鼠体格发育正常,断乳后子代畸形率、死亡率、存活率之间无明显差异(P>0.05);中药低、高剂量组子代断乳后体质量高于空白组、假手术组、模型组(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症疾病本身对大鼠妊娠能力有一定影响,但对大鼠胎仔及围产期发育无明显毒性;活血消异方组胎鼠体质量、身长、尾长略低于空白组及模型组,可能与胎鼠数量较多有关;且中药高、低剂量组胎鼠均无外观畸形及骨骼畸形,离乳时体格发育正常,子代大鼠断乳后无明显体质量偏低,提示活血消异方对大鼠胎仔及围产期发育并无明显毒性,但仍需进一步实验验证。

低剂量细菌脂多糖预处理对其诱导宫内胎儿死亡和早产的影响

目的研究低剂量细菌脂多糖(LPS)预处理对高剂量LPS诱导宫内胎儿死亡(IUFD)和早产的影响。方法实验1:孕鼠随机分为4组,LPS组和对照组分别于孕15 d腹腔注射LPS(120μg/kg)和等容积NS;LPS(4 h)+LPS组和LPS(24 h)+LPS组孕鼠分别在给予低剂量LPS(10μg/kg,i.p.)4、24 h后再腹腔注射高剂量LPS(120μg/kg)。高剂量LPS处理后密切观察各组孕鼠早产迹象,第18 d剖杀各组非早产孕鼠,记录活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数和着床腺数。实验2:随机分成4组(同实验1)。每组12只孕鼠在高剂量LPS处理1.5 h后被剖杀,取孕鼠血清和羊水,并测定其肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素10(IL-10)含量;另外每组12只孕鼠于高剂量LPS处理6 h后被剖杀,留取孕鼠血清、羊水和胎盘,并检测母血和羊水中一氧化氮(NO)水平,测定胎盘组织还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果在高剂量LPS处理前24 h给予的低剂量LPS显著降低高剂量LPS诱导的宫内胎鼠死亡、减少孕鼠血清和羊水中TNF-α含量和降低小鼠胎盘MDA含量。与单纯LPS组比较,LPS(4 h)+LPS组宫内胎鼠死亡率进一步升高、孕鼠血清和羊水中TNF-α与NO含量明显增加、小鼠胎盘MDA含量和GSH损耗也明显提高。结论低剂量LPS预处理对高剂量LPS引起发育毒性的影响取决于两次LPS处理的时距。在高剂量LPS处理孕鼠前24 h给予的低剂量LPS可保护高剂量LPS引起IUFD和早产,主要通过抑制TNF-α产生和对抗机体氧化应激;而在高剂量LPS处理前4 h给予的低剂量LPS却加重高剂量LPS引起的发育毒性。

胎儿肝脏MRI信号强度的意义

目的：探讨宫内胎儿肝脏的生长发育状况。材料和方法：采用超导0．35T磁共振成像仪，对44例中、晚孕程孕妇进行MR成像，观察、分析其中42例正常胎儿肝脏的形态结构、信号变化。结果：胎肝的形态、大小以及肝内的门静脉、肝静脉等被良好显示。在T1WI上，孕32周前，胎儿肝脏的信号呈不均匀的高信号；在孕32周后，胎儿肝脏的信号呈均匀的一致的中等信号。在PDWI及T2WI上，胎儿肝脏的信号在不同的孕周均呈等信号。结论：MRI对胎肝的生长发育状态的研究有重要价值，胎肝在T1WI上均匀一致和中等信号（约孕32周后）代表着胎肝的发育成熟；而PDWI及T2WI对揭示胎肝的发育成熟不敏感。

胎儿成纤维细胞的培养分离方法对猪体细胞核移植胚胎发育潜力的影响

研究采用不同传代的培养方法和不同方法处理及不同培养分离法探讨胎儿成纤维细胞的处理方法对猪体细胞胚胎发育潜力的影响。结果表明:(1)100%长满汇合胎儿成纤维细胞的核移植融合率高于70%～80%的胎儿成纤维细胞(P<0.05),分裂率高于血清饥饿培养的胎儿成纤维细胞(P<0.05),但囊胚率差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)猪胎儿成纤维细胞冷冻-解冻后的核移植分裂率和囊胚发育率均显著低于新鲜和4℃冷藏的细胞(P<0.05),但融合率无显著差异(P>0.05),表明猪胎儿成纤维细胞解冻后不宜直接进行核移植;(3)采用组织块法和酶消化法分离得到的胎儿成纤维细胞所构建的重构胚胎在融合率、分裂率和囊胚率方面没有显著差异(P>0.05)。表明100%长满汇合培养是较好的猪胎儿成纤维细胞培养处理方法;猪胎儿成纤维细胞解冻后不宜直接进行核移植;组织块法和酶消化法均可用于分离培养猪体细胞核移植的胎儿成纤维细胞。

健康和疾病的发育起源研究现状

大量流行病学和动物实验研究显示,发育早期不利因素,特别是宫内营养失衡(包括营养不良及营养过剩),导致机体生理和代谢发生永久改变,引发子代肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压、冠心病等成年慢性疾病的发生发展。这一过程发生在胎儿发育的窗口期,即健康和疾病的发育起源(developmental origins of health and disease,DOHaD)。目前,其具体机制引发了国内外学者的广泛关注,特别是代谢调节关键基因在转录水平的改变及表观遗传学在引发成年代谢表型中的作用。深入了解并进一步探讨其机制以寻求有效的干预方式对控制心血管疾病及2型糖尿病的流行意义重大,对于经济快速转型的发展中国家更是意义深远。

重组人B淋巴细胞刺激因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(RCT-18)对大鼠的致畸作用

目的:观察重组人B淋巴细胞刺激因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(RCT-18)对大鼠胚胎及胎仔的发育毒性和致畸作用。方法:采用雌性SD大鼠,交配成功后随机分为4组,即RCT-18高(129 mg/kg)、中(37 mg/kg)、低(11 mg/kg)剂量组及阴性对照(0.9%NaCl注射液)组,每组≥25只,于妊娠第6～15天连续5次(隔天1次)经皮下注射给药。实验过程中观察动物的一般反应、体质量、摄食量变化,于妊娠第20天解剖孕鼠,对着床、吸收胎、死胎、活胎、黄体进行计数,对胎仔的体质量、身长、尾长,以及外观形态、内脏和骨骼发育等指标进行评价。结果:孕鼠、胚胎形成、胎仔生长发育、外观形态、内脏和骨骼发育等各项指标均无明显异常,与阴性对照组比较无明显毒性影响(P>0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,RCT-18对SD大鼠未见明显母体毒性和胚胎-胎仔发育毒性,无致畸作用。

胎儿发育缺陷病理解剖分析

目的:为了了解各种发育缺陷的发生几率及为今后胎儿发育缺陷的筛查提供必要信息。方法:通过对66例有先天性发育畸形胎儿进行病理解剖,分析了各种先天性畸形的发生情况。结果:在66例有先天性发育畸形胎儿中,心血管发育异常病例数量多,占全部发育异常的25.8%,占死胎总数的53.6%;其次是无脑儿,有15例。脑积水、脊椎裂和脑脊膜膨出等的发生构成例均在10%以上。腭裂、淋巴水肿、肾发育异常构成比例分别为7.6%。从发病系统上分析,48.5%的发育异常胎儿有神经管发育异常。另外,部分病例表现出多种发育缺陷。结论:虽然神经管发育异常是主要的胎儿发育缺陷,但是心血管发育缺陷是导致死胎、死产的重要原因。相当比例淋巴水肿和肾发育异常应当引起妇幼保健医师的注意。