Controlling the immune response with only clinically approved immunosuppressant drugs is difficult in renal heterotra ns plantation from pigs to nonhuman primates.Moreover,to the best of our knowledge,no reports exist...Controlling the immune response with only clinically approved immunosuppressant drugs is difficult in renal heterotra ns plantation from pigs to nonhuman primates.Moreover,to the best of our knowledge,no reports exist on the use of fetal pigs as kidney donors.This study aimed to compare the degree of transplant rejection between neonatal and fetal kidneys,with genetically unmodified pigs as donors and cynomolgus monkeys as recipients.The left kidneys of the recipient monkeys were removed,followed by transplantation of neonatal as well as fetal pig kidneys,which had undergone vascular anastomosis at the same site,into the retroperitoneum.Immunosuppression was performed with only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs.The fetal kidneys were transplanted into the omentum and paraaortic regions of cynomolgus monkeys.Consequently,the engraftment and development of the transplanted tissues were pathologically examined by sampling over time(twice in each experiment).An acute rejection was observed after a few weeks in neonatal renal grafts with vascular anastomosis.However,fetal pig kidneys were spared from rejection despite the administration of the same immunosuppressive protocol to the monkeys and the recipient blood vessels flowing into the fetal kidneys.The immunogenicity of fetal kidneys in pig-monkey renal heterotransplantation was lower than that of neonatal kidneys.展开更多
In the past few years, stem cells have become the focus of research by regenerative medicine professionals and tissue engineers. Embryonic stem cells, although capable of differentiating into cell lineages of all thre...In the past few years, stem cells have become the focus of research by regenerative medicine professionals and tissue engineers. Embryonic stem cells, although capable of differentiating into cell lineages of all three germ layers, are limited in their utilization due to ethical issues. In contrast, the autologous harvest and subsequent transplantation of adult stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue or blood have been experimentally utilized in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases ranging from myocardial infarction to Alzheimer's disease. The physiologic consequences of stem cell transplantation and its impact on functional recovery have been studied in countless animal models and select clinical trials. Unfortunately, the bench to bedside translation of this research has been slow. Nonetheless, stem cell therapy has received the attention of spinal surgeons due to its potential benefits in the treatment of neural damage, muscle trauma, disk degeneration and its potential contribution to bone fusion.展开更多
基金supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED21bk0104094h0003)a grant from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co.,Ltd。
文摘Controlling the immune response with only clinically approved immunosuppressant drugs is difficult in renal heterotra ns plantation from pigs to nonhuman primates.Moreover,to the best of our knowledge,no reports exist on the use of fetal pigs as kidney donors.This study aimed to compare the degree of transplant rejection between neonatal and fetal kidneys,with genetically unmodified pigs as donors and cynomolgus monkeys as recipients.The left kidneys of the recipient monkeys were removed,followed by transplantation of neonatal as well as fetal pig kidneys,which had undergone vascular anastomosis at the same site,into the retroperitoneum.Immunosuppression was performed with only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs.The fetal kidneys were transplanted into the omentum and paraaortic regions of cynomolgus monkeys.Consequently,the engraftment and development of the transplanted tissues were pathologically examined by sampling over time(twice in each experiment).An acute rejection was observed after a few weeks in neonatal renal grafts with vascular anastomosis.However,fetal pig kidneys were spared from rejection despite the administration of the same immunosuppressive protocol to the monkeys and the recipient blood vessels flowing into the fetal kidneys.The immunogenicity of fetal kidneys in pig-monkey renal heterotransplantation was lower than that of neonatal kidneys.
文摘In the past few years, stem cells have become the focus of research by regenerative medicine professionals and tissue engineers. Embryonic stem cells, although capable of differentiating into cell lineages of all three germ layers, are limited in their utilization due to ethical issues. In contrast, the autologous harvest and subsequent transplantation of adult stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue or blood have been experimentally utilized in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases ranging from myocardial infarction to Alzheimer's disease. The physiologic consequences of stem cell transplantation and its impact on functional recovery have been studied in countless animal models and select clinical trials. Unfortunately, the bench to bedside translation of this research has been slow. Nonetheless, stem cell therapy has received the attention of spinal surgeons due to its potential benefits in the treatment of neural damage, muscle trauma, disk degeneration and its potential contribution to bone fusion.
