AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were a...AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were as follows: First, a long esophageal submucosal tunnel was established. Second, full-thickness myotomy was created. Third, an endoscope was entered into the abdominal cavity through a muscle incision and the endoscope was around the aorta ventralis. Eventually,celiac trunk ganglion neurolysis, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy, partial tissue resection in the area of the posterior peritoneum, and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) combined with lymph node dissection were performed. The animals were given antibiotics for 5 d and necropsied 7 d after surgery.RESULTS In all surgeries, one pig died from intraperitoneal hemorrhage after doing partial splenectomy, while the other pigs were alive after successfully operating other surgeries. For surgery of celiac trunk ganglion damage, at necropsy, there was no exudation in the abdominal cavity. Regarding surgery of partial hepatectomy, the wound with part healing was observed in the left hepatic lobe, and no bleeding or obvious exudation was seen. In surgery of partial splenectomy, massive hemorrhage was observed on the splenic wound surface, and the metal clips could not stop bleeding. After surgery of retroperitoneal tissue resection, mild tissue adhesion was observed in the abdominal cavity of one animal, and another one suffered from severe infection. For surgery of ESD and lymph node dissection, a moderate tissue adhesion was observed.CONCLUSION EESTS is a feasible and safe technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.展开更多
The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been valida...The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. Morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. SMAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Platelets play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis.Emerging evidence indicates that they are versatile cells and also involved in many other physiological processes and disease states.Fetal and neonatal alloim...Platelets play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis.Emerging evidence indicates that they are versatile cells and also involved in many other physiological processes and disease states.Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia(FNAIT)is a life threatening bleeding disorder caused by fetal platelet destruction by maternal alloantibodies developed during pregnancy.Gene polymorphisms cause platelet surface protein incompatibilities between mother and fetus,and ultimately lead to maternal alloimmunization.FNAIT is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in full-term infants and can also lead to intrauterine growth retardation and miscarriage.Proper diagnosis,prevention and treatment of FNAIT is challenging due to insufficient knowledge of the disease and a lack of routine screening as well as its frequent occurrence in first pregnancies.Given the ethical difficulties in performing basic research on human fetuses and neonates,animal models are essential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of FNAIT.The aim of this review is to provide an overview on platelets,hemostasis and thrombocytopenia with a focus on the advancements made in FNAIT by utilizing animal models.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Support Fund for Chinese PLA General Hospital,No.2012FCTSYS-3035
文摘AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were as follows: First, a long esophageal submucosal tunnel was established. Second, full-thickness myotomy was created. Third, an endoscope was entered into the abdominal cavity through a muscle incision and the endoscope was around the aorta ventralis. Eventually,celiac trunk ganglion neurolysis, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy, partial tissue resection in the area of the posterior peritoneum, and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) combined with lymph node dissection were performed. The animals were given antibiotics for 5 d and necropsied 7 d after surgery.RESULTS In all surgeries, one pig died from intraperitoneal hemorrhage after doing partial splenectomy, while the other pigs were alive after successfully operating other surgeries. For surgery of celiac trunk ganglion damage, at necropsy, there was no exudation in the abdominal cavity. Regarding surgery of partial hepatectomy, the wound with part healing was observed in the left hepatic lobe, and no bleeding or obvious exudation was seen. In surgery of partial splenectomy, massive hemorrhage was observed on the splenic wound surface, and the metal clips could not stop bleeding. After surgery of retroperitoneal tissue resection, mild tissue adhesion was observed in the abdominal cavity of one animal, and another one suffered from severe infection. For surgery of ESD and lymph node dissection, a moderate tissue adhesion was observed.CONCLUSION EESTS is a feasible and safe technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.
文摘The pathophysiology of LaPeyronie＇s disease （PD） is considered to be multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, trauma, inflammation and altered wound healing. However, these factors have not yet been validated using animal models. In this study, we have presented a new model obtained by tunica albuginea allograft. A total of 40, 16-week-old male rats were used. Of these, 8 rats served as controls and underwent a 10 × 2-mm-wide tunical excisionwith subsequent autografting, whereas the remaining 32 underwent the same excision with grafting of the defect with another rat＇s tunica. Morphological and functional testing was performed at 1, 3, 7 and 12 weeks after grafting. Intracavernous pressure, the degree of penile curvature and elastic fiber length were evaluated for comparison between the allograft and control groups. The tissues were obtained for histological examination. The penile curvature was significantly greater in the allografted rats as compared with the control rats. The erectile function was maintained in all rats, except in those assessed at 12 weeks. The elastin fiber length was decreased in the allografted tunica as compared to control. SMAD2 expression was detected in the inner part of the allograff, and both collagen-Ⅱ- and osteocalcin-positive cells were also noted. Tunica albuginea （TA） allograft in rats is an excellent model of PD. The persistence of curvature beyond 12 weeks and the presence of ossification in the inner layer of the TA were similar to those observed in men with PD. Validation studies using this animal model would aid understanding of the PD pathophysiology for effective therapeutic interventions.
基金This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research(MOP 68986,MOP 119551,MOP 97918,and 119540)。
文摘Platelets play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis.Emerging evidence indicates that they are versatile cells and also involved in many other physiological processes and disease states.Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia(FNAIT)is a life threatening bleeding disorder caused by fetal platelet destruction by maternal alloantibodies developed during pregnancy.Gene polymorphisms cause platelet surface protein incompatibilities between mother and fetus,and ultimately lead to maternal alloimmunization.FNAIT is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in full-term infants and can also lead to intrauterine growth retardation and miscarriage.Proper diagnosis,prevention and treatment of FNAIT is challenging due to insufficient knowledge of the disease and a lack of routine screening as well as its frequent occurrence in first pregnancies.Given the ethical difficulties in performing basic research on human fetuses and neonates,animal models are essential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of FNAIT.The aim of this review is to provide an overview on platelets,hemostasis and thrombocytopenia with a focus on the advancements made in FNAIT by utilizing animal models.
