Flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylase genes regulate fiber color formation in naturally colored cotton

Using naturally colored cotton(NCC)can eliminate dyeing,printing and industrial processing,and reduce sewage discharge and energy consumption.Proanthocyanidins(PAs),the primary coloration components in brown fibers,are polyphenols formed by oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units derived from anthocyanidins.Three essential structural genes for flavanone and flavonoid hydroxylation encoding flavanone-3-hydroxylase(F3H),flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’H)and flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’H)are initially committed in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway to produce common precursors.The three genes were all expressed predominantly in developing fibers of NCCs,and their expression patterns varied temporally and spatially among NCC varieties.In GhF3Hi,GhF3’Hi and GhF3’5’Hi silenced lines of NCC varieties XC20 and ZX1,the expression level of the three genes decreased in developing cotton fiber,negatively correlated with anthocyanidin content and fiber color depth.Fiber color depth and type in RNAi lines changed with endogenous gene silencing efficiency and expression pattern,the three hydroxylase genes functioned in fiber color formation.GhF3H showed functional differentiation among NCC varieties and GhF3’H acted in the accumulation of anthocyanin in fiber.Compared with GhF3’H,GhF3’5’H was expressed more highly in brown fiber with a longer duration of expression and caused lighter color of fibers in GhF3’5’H silenced lines.These three genes regulating fiber color depth and type could be used to improve these traits by genetic manipulation.

Study on the Genetics and Development of Fiber Pigments and Color Deviation After Wetting Process of Naturally Colored Cotton

The genetic control of fiber pigment color in naturally colored cotton was studied. The expression of brown and green fiber color was controlled by incompletely dominant single genes and incompletely dominant major genes, respectively. Production and accumulation of the fiber pigment were related to special expression of enzymatic genes for pigment synthesis in fiber cells. At the stage of fiber lengthening, naturally colored cotton, like white cotton, appeared purely white. But when fiber cell walls entered the thickening stage, pigment appeared by degrees. When the fiber was completely matured (on boll dehiscence), the color reached its darkest level. After wetting process treatment, the hues of the fiber pigment changed in regular patterns. The hue circle for brown and green cotton changed in the opposite direction with wetting process treatment. In general, the treated cotton color and luster became dark and vivid, and this trend provided the possibility for enhancing the fiber quality by suitable environmental friendly finishing. The analysis showed that the color and luster of the cotton may be controlled by a series of pigments which show different chemical performance.

Color Matching of Pre-colored Fiber Blends Based on Two-Constant Kubelka-Munk Theory

Some modifications of two-constant Kubelka-Munk theory has been made for the color matching of pre-colored fiber blends. The scattering coefficients of three primaries are averaged and taken as initial coefficients in each wavelength. The unit sums of concentration in E-Allen’s Algorithm were removed in the case of pre-colored fiber blends. Predicted blend ratios and reflectance curves agree very well with measured ones and color differences are within the tolerant limit, showing satisfactory matching results.

Genetic Linkage Analysis of the Natural Colored Fiber and Fuzzless Traits in Cotton

Genetic linkage relationship of the natural colored fiber and six fuzzless seed germplasms in obsolete backgrounds of Gossypium hirsutum(AD genome) and G.barbadense were analyzed in the

Developmental and hormonal regulation of fiber quality in two natural-colored cotton cultivars

Cotton cultivars with brown （Xiangcaimian 2）, green （Wanmian 39） and white （Sumian 9） fiber were investigated to study fiber developmental characteristics of natural-colored cotton and the effect of hormones on fiber quality at different stages after anthesis. Fiber lengths of both natural-colored cottons were lower than the white-fibered control, with brown-fibered cotton longer than green. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natural-colored cotton were also lower than the control. The shorter fiber of the green cultivar was due to slower growth during 10 to 30 days post-anthesis （DPA）. Likewise, the lower fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natured-colored cotton were also due to slower growth during this pivotal stage. Indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content at 10 DPA, and abscisic acid （ABA） content at 30 to 40 DPA were lower in the fibers of the natural-colored than that of the white-fibered cotton. After applying 20 mg L-1 gibberellic acid （GA3）, the IAA content at 20 DPA in the brown and green-fibered cottons increased by 51.07 and 64.33%, fiber ABA content increased by 38.96 and 24.40%, and fiber length increased by 8.13 and 13.96%, respectively. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation were also enhanced at boll opening stage. Those results suggest that the level of endogenous hormones affect fiber quality. Application of external hormones can increase hormone content in natural-colored cotton fiber, improving its quality.

New Type Color Fiber Application&Trend of Color Spun Product Seminar Open in May

Cope with the global financial crisis,domestic Chinese textile enterprises is facing with more challenges and

基于纽介堡方程的色纺织物颜色预测

色纺织物由多种色纤维混合织造,其颜色预测过程复杂,基于格拉斯曼色光混合理论和印刷网点的纽介堡方程,建立了便于计算的颜色预测模型。预测过程分2种情况讨论,一种是取决于表面一层色纤维,另一种是取决于最上面2层纤维相互作用。当考虑最上面2层纤维相互叠加时,相互堆叠简化为与同色堆叠或与两色堆叠。根据不同方式各自建立颜色预测模型,选出预测色差最小的模型并对其优化。结果表明:当以色纺织物最上面2层纤维堆叠组成的色元对混色织物颜色预测时,2层纤维组分不同,认为堆叠顺序对该色元颜色值无影响建立的模型预测色差最小,且对该模型中各色元占比面积系数进行一阶线性回归修正后能较好地用于色纺织物表面颜色值的预测。

Effect of radiation-induced color centers absorption in optical fibers on fiber optic gyroscope for space application

The effects of color centers＇ absorption on fibers and interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes（IFOGs） are studied in the paper. The irradiation induced attenuation（RIA） spectra of three types of polarization-maintaining fibers（PMFs）, i.e.,P-doped, Ge-doped, and pure silica, irradiated at 100 Gy and 1000 Gy are measured in a wavelength range from 1100 nm to1600 nm and decomposed according to the Gaussian model. The relationship of the color centers absorption intensity with radiation dose is investigated based on a power model. Furthermore, the effects of all color centers＇ absorption on RIA and mean wavelength shifts（MWS） at 1300 nm and 1550 nm are discussed respectively. Finally, the random walk coefficient（RWC） degradation induced from RIA and the scale factor error induced by MWS of the IFOG are simulated and tested at a wavelength of 1300 nm. This research will contribute to the applications of the fibers in radiation environments.

层彩涡流色纺纱的开发与实践

针对牛仔纱的流行趋势及目前染色存在的不足,模拟牛仔色纱特征,开发一种层彩涡流色纺纱。融合了传统环锭纺和喷气涡流包芯纺技术,芯纱采用短纤维纱线代替长丝,以达到芯纱色彩可调、粗细可调、捻向可调;纺纱过程中通过芯纱与外包层纤维捻向相反组合技术,选择相应的捻系数,抵消纤维的加捻应力;利用喷气涡流纺包缠不均匀的特点,可呈现独特的露芯效果,内外层可采用不同颜色及配比。纺制的层彩涡流色纺纱可作为针织、机织用纱,丰富的色彩变化使层彩涡流色纺纱可用于生产无染牛仔织物。

喷气涡流纺长片段竹节段彩纱的设计与生产

探讨有色超短纤维在喷气涡流纺花式纱开发中的应用及生产要点。采用有色粘胶超短纤维与本色竹浆纤维、椰炭改性涤纶纤维,在并条机上加装竹节装置,利用喷气涡流纺纱技术纺制成长片段竹节段彩纱。针对粘胶纤维长度相对较短的特点,工艺上尝试采用短流程、减小隔距、降低打击件速度等技术措施。结果表明:开发的喷气涡流纺段彩纱具有段彩片段长、生产效率高的特点,其在布面上色点朦胧,时而形成连续分布,时而散点分布,形成不同于传统段彩纱的独特风格。

色纺纱用黏胶纤维的连续染色工艺与染色性能

采用散纤维连续染色技术对黏胶散纤维进行连续浸渍染色后再冷堆固色,然后进行连续式水洗。分析了固色时间对黏胶纤维外观形貌、色泽指标及力学性能的影响,并对染色黏胶纤维成品的色牢度、pH和甲醛含量进行测试。结果表明:连续浸渍染色后的黏胶纤维,经冷堆24 h固色后,可获得较好的匀染性;染色黏胶纤维的力学性能略有下降,其中强度下降约15%,断裂伸长率下降约16%;染色黏胶纤维的各项色牢度、pH和甲醛含量均符合要求。

二氧化硅增强复合电解质的电致变色纤维

具有光反射调节的电致变色纤维在智能服装、自适应伪装等领域具有广阔的应用前景,但现有的电致变色纤维在实际应用中仍面临电化学稳定性差、切换速度慢等问题。使用SiO_(2)纳米颗粒对电致变色电解质进行改性,对基于改性电解质制备的电致变色纤维的光学性能、电化学性能进行讨论,同时分析SiO_(2)纳米颗粒对变色材料稳定性的影响。结果显示:SiO_(2)改性电致变色纤维的着色效率达53.1 cm^(2)/C,展现出较快的切换速度(22.9/12.6 s);300个电化学循环后,仍具有良好的变色稳定性(光学反射对比度保持初始值的58.3%)。未掺杂SiO_(2)改性的电致变色纤维的着色效率(20.2 cm^(2)/C)较低、切换速度(34.7/38.4 s)较慢。此外,电致变色纤维器件具有优异的机械柔性,在可穿戴显示等领域展现出潜在的应用价值。

绢丝/毛/棉色纺纱的组成调控与性能分析

绢丝质地柔软光滑、手感舒适,在服装与家居纺织品等领域中得到了广泛应用,是中国绢纺产业的重要产品之一;然而,目前绢丝织物生产仍存在高能耗、高排污问题,且产品竞争力不足。为此,采用低污染的色纺技术对绢丝进行精确配色,并引入羊绒、羊毛、棉等纤维组分,制备色泽独特且性能优异的色纺纱,以满足市场多样化的需求。通过调控纱线中纤维组成与配比,探究其对混纺色纱条干、机械性能及色牢度的影响规律。通过引入不同颜色与配比的各类纤维后,纤维间的优势互补提升了绢丝系列产品的机械性能、色牢度,完善了绢丝产品性能的不足,实现了绢丝系列产品的多样化,减少了绢纺业的生产能耗与排污。

仿生结构生色技术及其在纺织领域应用的研究进展

针对传统印染行业高能耗、高污染的问题,急需革新染色技术,开发具有更加高效、节能和环保的染色新方法。结构色因其色彩饱和度高、色彩长期稳定且对环境友好而受到了越来越多的关注,并取得了极大进展,尤其是在纺织印染领域。首先分析了结构色的形成原理,系统总结了结构色材料的制备新技术,包括刮涂法/喷涂法、垂直沉积法、重力沉降法、浸渍提拉法、层层自组装法、电泳沉积法、静电纺丝法、磁控溅射法、原子层沉积法等,并比较了各种技术的优劣。在此基础上,进一步探讨了结构色在纺织领域中的多维应用,指出了结构色所面临的挑战,并从仿生自然发展新型结构色材料、提高结构色色彩丰富度及力学稳定性、突破结构色规模化制备技术、完善结构色产品生态等4个方面展望了结构色的未来发展方向,以期推动结构色跨越式发展,助力“碳达峰,碳中和”国家战略。

有色抗菌护肤远红外黏胶纤维制备及性能研究

将金缕梅提取物10.0份、植物色素1.7份制成浓度为20%的水溶液,胶原蛋白肽8.4份配成50%的水溶液,远红外陶瓷粉3.3份配成浓度为20%的悬浮液,按总添加质量为甲纤质量的14%与黏胶纺丝液共混,采用湿法纺丝方法制备线密度为1.67dtex、长度为38mm、颜色为樱花粉和柠檬黄的有色抗菌护肤远红外黏胶纤维。对纤维性能和功能进行测试,结果表明,有色抗菌护肤远红外黏胶纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为87.25%、蛋白质含量为3.77%远红外发射率和温升分别为0.86和1.90℃,性能超过国家和行业标准。纤维纵向和横向形态无显著变化,红外特性、结晶度、取向度、力学性能均能满足后续纺纱织造要求。

基于二维高斯核密度估计的有色纤维颜色特征提取方法

为提高基于显微高光谱成像的有色纤维颜色测量的准确性和可重复性,研究了一种基于二维高斯核密度估计的有色纤维颜色特征提取方法。首先通过显微高光谱成像测色系统采集有色纤维的高光谱图像,选择400~700 nm、波段间隔为10 nm的光谱反射率,将其转换为色度值CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*),计算纤维区域中的颜色均值与每个像元颜色的色差ΔE_(00),建立色差ΔE_(00)与L^(*)相关联的二维数据;再基于二维高斯核密度估计方法计算像元的密度值,并确立了有色纤维的密度截断阈值估计方法,用于截断舍弃低密度的离散异常像元;最后根据像元的密度值计算加权光谱反射率并转换为相应的色度值。选取有色羊毛纤维进行实证分析,结果表明:影响颜色测量结果准确性和可重复性的离散异常像元主要存在于二维空间密度分布中的“尾部”区域,离散异常像元越多,“尾部”越长,对测量结果影响越严重;相比均值法和明度加权法,本文通过截断舍弃离散异常像元以减小其对测色结果影响的方式,提高了有色羊毛纤维颜色测量的准确性,且测量结果的可重复性最优,在有色羊毛纤维的染配色和混配色预测模型研究中具有实际应用价值。

智能纤维及智能针织产品的发展与应用

智能纤维及智能针织产品是一项蓬勃发展的领域,随着先进技术及材料的发展,智能针织产品为人们的生活提供了诸多的便利。探讨当前智能纤维材料及智能针织产品的最新进展和趋势。首先,介绍了智能纤维的特点、分类和生产方法等,包括智能变色纤维、形状记忆纤维、智能调温纤维、光导纤维、电子智能纤维以及智能凝胶纤维。然后,分析了智能针织产品的生产技术以及应用领域。最后,探讨了智能纤维和智能针织产品存在的问题和面临的挑战,并且给出了未来智能针织产品的发展方向。通过深入研究和创新,智能纤维及智能针织产品将为我们的生活带来更多可能性,促进智能生产与生活的实现。

DMF对原液着色与染色涤纶长丝的脱色影响探究

探究了N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)对原液着色涤纶与染色涤纶长丝的脱色影响。结果发现:当纤维样品与DMF的物料配比为1∶12,脱色时间为20 min,水浴脱色温度为95℃时,脱色效果较好;染色涤纶长丝受DMF脱色剂的影响相对较大,20组样品的脱色率为52.07%~91.83%;原液着色涤纶长丝受DMF脱色剂的影响相对较小,20组样品的脱色率为0.75%~26.41%。

二醋酯纤维与莫代尔混纺针织家居服面料开发

阐述二醋酯纤维的特性,并采用二醋酯纤维短纤、莫代尔短纤混纺纱与氨纶交织,开发一款具有亲肤舒适、吸湿速干、品质优良的针织家居服面料。对原料选择、编织工艺、染整工艺及成品性能测试,进行详细描述和探讨。在原料方面详细阐述了伊士曼NaiaTM二醋酯纤维与兰精莫代尔混纺纱的特性及原理,重点指出此款面料开发的技术和加工注意事项;在染整方面尤其针对深色面料各项色牢度的技术问题进行方案探讨。并对成品面料进行各项色牢度和起毛起球等基本性能检测,以及吸湿速干性功能测试。结果表明,此款二醋酯纤维与莫代尔混纺针织家居面料各项基本性能可以达到国内标准要求,同时吸湿速干性能采用国标测试方法全部通过,该面料光泽柔和、手感舒适、品质优良,具有较好的吸湿速干性,适合用于家居内衣面料。

电致变色纤维材料的研究进展

电致变色纤维材料因其独特的电致变色性、结构稳定性、耐久性等优点而受到广泛关注。根据电致变色纤维材料组成成分进行分类介绍并概括其研究进展,介绍各类电致变色纤维材料的性能,对结构稳定性、变色速率、色彩变化、着色深度等复合型电致变色材料的特点进行分析,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。绿色环保、多功能、舒适安全将成为下一代电致变色纤维材料的重点发展方向。