The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity'' hypothesis has been used to explain chara...The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity'' hypothesis has been used to explain characteristic impairments in ‘‘socio-emotional'' function.Therefore, in this study we compared the facial emotional recognition(FER) feature and the integrity of socialemotional-related white-matter tracts between children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD(HFA) and their typically developing(TD) counterparts. The correlation between the two factors was explored to find out if impairment of the white-matter tracts is the neural basis of social-emotional disorders. Compared with the TD group,FER was significantly impaired and the fractional anisotropy value of the right cingulate fasciculus was increased in the HFA group(P / 0.01). In conclusion, the FER function of children and adolescents with HFA was impaired and the microstructure of the cingulate fasciculus had abnormalities.展开更多
Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brai...Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brain white matter fiber tracts.Ki-67 and CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 are sensitive markers for reflecting the proliferation and infiltration of tumor cells.The present study analyzed pre-operative diffusion tensor images of 24 patients with pathologically confirmed World Health Organization glioma(Ⅰ-Ⅳ).We observed lapse,infiltration and destruction of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract following reconstruction,and simultaneously detected the expression of Ki-67,CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 in samples.Expression of CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase 9was not significantly correlated to the status of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract(r = 1.597,4.859;P = 0.450,0.088),while Ki-67 expression significantly correlated to its status(r= 6.590,P = 0.037).These findings demonstrate that highly proliferative gliomas result in damage to the peripheral corticospinal tract.展开更多
Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics o...Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the brain.In this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling genre.The embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element analysis.This method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly represented.Here,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain injury.We explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and mechanobiology.We conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.展开更多
Background The paralimbic system, which is composed of three parts, is an important functional unit. Gliomas located in the region remain a challenge for clinical treatment. However, the dynamic change of gliomas in t...Background The paralimbic system, which is composed of three parts, is an important functional unit. Gliomas located in the region remain a challenge for clinical treatment. However, the dynamic change of gliomas in the area has not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to identify the growth tendency of gliomas located in the paralimbic system and to obtain some suggestions for clinical treatment. Methods Eleven cases of gliomas located in the paralimbic system were recruited in the study. All of them were proven by pathology. Analysis of the serial radiological examinations in each patient was performed from the initial to the final examination, taking into consideration the following items: initial tumor location, final location and the growth tendency. Results In the initial and final examinations the ratios of insula involvement were 64% and 100%, respectively. On the other hand, the ratios of gliomas located in two or more parts of paralimbic system increased from 64% to 100% during the dynamic examination. Conclusions Even though the paralimbic system is composed of three independent anatomical parts, gliomas tend to involve all three parts, especially the insula. Therapeutic plans should aim at the whole region of the system, even during the early stages of gliomas.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1306200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91132750)+1 种基金Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China (14ZDB161)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016616)
文摘The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity'' hypothesis has been used to explain characteristic impairments in ‘‘socio-emotional'' function.Therefore, in this study we compared the facial emotional recognition(FER) feature and the integrity of socialemotional-related white-matter tracts between children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD(HFA) and their typically developing(TD) counterparts. The correlation between the two factors was explored to find out if impairment of the white-matter tracts is the neural basis of social-emotional disorders. Compared with the TD group,FER was significantly impaired and the fractional anisotropy value of the right cingulate fasciculus was increased in the HFA group(P / 0.01). In conclusion, the FER function of children and adolescents with HFA was impaired and the microstructure of the cingulate fasciculus had abnormalities.
基金Anhui Prov-ince Grant of Tackle Key Problems in Science and Technology, No. 07010302202
文摘Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brain white matter fiber tracts.Ki-67 and CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 are sensitive markers for reflecting the proliferation and infiltration of tumor cells.The present study analyzed pre-operative diffusion tensor images of 24 patients with pathologically confirmed World Health Organization glioma(Ⅰ-Ⅳ).We observed lapse,infiltration and destruction of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract following reconstruction,and simultaneously detected the expression of Ki-67,CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 in samples.Expression of CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase 9was not significantly correlated to the status of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract(r = 1.597,4.859;P = 0.450,0.088),while Ki-67 expression significantly correlated to its status(r= 6.590,P = 0.037).These findings demonstrate that highly proliferative gliomas result in damage to the peripheral corticospinal tract.
基金support provided by Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation(CFDRC)under a sub-contract funded by the Department of Defense,Department of Health Program through contract W81XWH-14-C-0045
文摘Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the brain.In this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling genre.The embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element analysis.This method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly represented.Here,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain injury.We explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and mechanobiology.We conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.
基金This study was supported by the funds from the National Key Project of Science and Technology Supporting Programs of China (No. 2007BAI05B08) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30770617)
文摘Background The paralimbic system, which is composed of three parts, is an important functional unit. Gliomas located in the region remain a challenge for clinical treatment. However, the dynamic change of gliomas in the area has not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to identify the growth tendency of gliomas located in the paralimbic system and to obtain some suggestions for clinical treatment. Methods Eleven cases of gliomas located in the paralimbic system were recruited in the study. All of them were proven by pathology. Analysis of the serial radiological examinations in each patient was performed from the initial to the final examination, taking into consideration the following items: initial tumor location, final location and the growth tendency. Results In the initial and final examinations the ratios of insula involvement were 64% and 100%, respectively. On the other hand, the ratios of gliomas located in two or more parts of paralimbic system increased from 64% to 100% during the dynamic examination. Conclusions Even though the paralimbic system is composed of three independent anatomical parts, gliomas tend to involve all three parts, especially the insula. Therapeutic plans should aim at the whole region of the system, even during the early stages of gliomas.