With 10 rice cultivars (lines) as materials, the changes in activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(ADPGPase), starch synthase (SSase) and starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in the grains during gra...With 10 rice cultivars (lines) as materials, the changes in activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(ADPGPase), starch synthase (SSase) and starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in the grains during grain filling, and theirrelationships with the filling rate, gel consistency (GC), alkali spreading value (ASV) and amylose content (AC) werestudied. The results showed that changes in activities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme exhibited a single peak duringgrain filling, and the time of the activity peaks for the former two enzymes was earlier than that of the maximum grain-fillingrate (Tmax), and the time reaching the peak for Q-enzyme was synchronous with Tmax. The activities at early grain fillingstage, and the mean and maximum activities of each enzyme during grain filling period were positively and significantly orvery significantly correlated with the mean and maximum grain filling rate and starch content (mg grain-1) in the grains.Activities of ADPGPase at all grain filling stages and those of Q-enzyme at the early and mid filling stages were notsignificantly correlated the cooking quality (GC, ASV and AC). SSase activities at the early filling stage were significantlyand negatively correlated with GC and ASV, and positively correlated with AC. Activities of SSase at mid and late grainfilling stages and Q-enzyme at the late filling stage were significantly and positively correlated with GC and ASV, andnegatively correlated with AC. Spraying zeatin or abscisic acid at early grain filling stage could obviously regulate theactivities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme in the grains.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen （N） rate and application time on grain filling and respiratory trait of caryopsis in two rice varieties, IR36 and Dali. The treatments were consisted of n...An experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen （N） rate and application time on grain filling and respiratory trait of caryopsis in two rice varieties, IR36 and Dali. The treatments were consisted of no N application topdressing at both tillering and booting stages （CK）, 6 g/pot of N topdressing at the tillering stage and 2 g/pot of N topdressing at the booting stage, 2 g/pot of N topdressing at the tillering stage and 6 g/pot of N topdressing at the booting stage. The results showed that the proper utilization of N fertilizer can be helpful to maintain the higher water content, higher respiratory rate and higher dehydrogenase activity of rice caryopsis in late filling phase, and prolong the course for filling and maintaining higher respiratory rate and dehydrogenase activity of rice caryopsis. More N application at booting was more effective compared to more N application at tillering.展开更多
卧式厨余垃圾搅拌器的转速和填充率对其搅拌均匀性的影响较大,为了提高搅拌效率及搅拌均匀性,建立卧式搅拌器及物料固体参数化模型,颗粒接触模型采用JKR模型,运用EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)模拟搅拌过程。采用控制变量...卧式厨余垃圾搅拌器的转速和填充率对其搅拌均匀性的影响较大,为了提高搅拌效率及搅拌均匀性,建立卧式搅拌器及物料固体参数化模型,颗粒接触模型采用JKR模型,运用EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)模拟搅拌过程。采用控制变量法设置对比仿真实验,并采用标准偏差法处理实验数据,通过分别控制填充率、转速的改变,对比得出最合适的搅拌环境以及各因素对搅拌效率、搅拌均匀性的影响趋势。结果表明:60%的填充率时搅拌均匀性最好,较大的填充率可以获得更好的搅拌效率,但填充率过大搅拌均匀性会下降;在转速为(48~72)rpm的范围内,转速越大搅拌效率、搅拌均匀性越好,但转速在(60~72)rpm时搅拌均匀性提升不明显且颗粒发生离析,继续增加转速对搅拌无明显增益且增加功耗。研究成果对卧式搅拌器的设计与应用提供了一定的参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370828)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK2003041)
文摘With 10 rice cultivars (lines) as materials, the changes in activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase(ADPGPase), starch synthase (SSase) and starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in the grains during grain filling, and theirrelationships with the filling rate, gel consistency (GC), alkali spreading value (ASV) and amylose content (AC) werestudied. The results showed that changes in activities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme exhibited a single peak duringgrain filling, and the time of the activity peaks for the former two enzymes was earlier than that of the maximum grain-fillingrate (Tmax), and the time reaching the peak for Q-enzyme was synchronous with Tmax. The activities at early grain fillingstage, and the mean and maximum activities of each enzyme during grain filling period were positively and significantly orvery significantly correlated with the mean and maximum grain filling rate and starch content (mg grain-1) in the grains.Activities of ADPGPase at all grain filling stages and those of Q-enzyme at the early and mid filling stages were notsignificantly correlated the cooking quality (GC, ASV and AC). SSase activities at the early filling stage were significantlyand negatively correlated with GC and ASV, and positively correlated with AC. Activities of SSase at mid and late grainfilling stages and Q-enzyme at the late filling stage were significantly and positively correlated with GC and ASV, andnegatively correlated with AC. Spraying zeatin or abscisic acid at early grain filling stage could obviously regulate theactivities of ADPGPase, SSase and Q-enzyme in the grains.
文摘An experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen （N） rate and application time on grain filling and respiratory trait of caryopsis in two rice varieties, IR36 and Dali. The treatments were consisted of no N application topdressing at both tillering and booting stages （CK）, 6 g/pot of N topdressing at the tillering stage and 2 g/pot of N topdressing at the booting stage, 2 g/pot of N topdressing at the tillering stage and 6 g/pot of N topdressing at the booting stage. The results showed that the proper utilization of N fertilizer can be helpful to maintain the higher water content, higher respiratory rate and higher dehydrogenase activity of rice caryopsis in late filling phase, and prolong the course for filling and maintaining higher respiratory rate and dehydrogenase activity of rice caryopsis. More N application at booting was more effective compared to more N application at tillering.
文摘卧式厨余垃圾搅拌器的转速和填充率对其搅拌均匀性的影响较大,为了提高搅拌效率及搅拌均匀性,建立卧式搅拌器及物料固体参数化模型,颗粒接触模型采用JKR模型,运用EDEM(Engineering Discrete Element Method)模拟搅拌过程。采用控制变量法设置对比仿真实验,并采用标准偏差法处理实验数据,通过分别控制填充率、转速的改变,对比得出最合适的搅拌环境以及各因素对搅拌效率、搅拌均匀性的影响趋势。结果表明:60%的填充率时搅拌均匀性最好,较大的填充率可以获得更好的搅拌效率,但填充率过大搅拌均匀性会下降;在转速为(48~72)rpm的范围内,转速越大搅拌效率、搅拌均匀性越好,但转速在(60~72)rpm时搅拌均匀性提升不明显且颗粒发生离析,继续增加转速对搅拌无明显增益且增加功耗。研究成果对卧式搅拌器的设计与应用提供了一定的参考。
