Impact of Energy Efficiency and Financial Support on Green Upgrading in China’s Industrial Sector

The report from the 20th National Congress of China emphasizes the importance of focusing on the clean,low-carbon,and efficient use of energy,increasing financial support,and promoting green upgrading within the industrial sector.This paper,based on annual data,employs the entropy weight method to construct a comprehensive index reflecting the impact of green upgrading in industrial sectors.To delve deeper,it utilizes the DEA model to measure energy efficiency and its subdivision BCC model to break down energy efficiency into technical and scale efficiency.The financial support landscape is examined from the vantage points of both direct and indirect financing.Using a multivariate time series model,this paper thoroughly investigates the influence of energy efficiency and financial support on the green upgrading of the industrial sector.The findings reveal a significant positive impact of both energy efficiency and financial support on green upgrading in industrial industries.Notably,scale efficiency emerges as the primary driver of energy efficiency.Moreover,indirect financing proves to be more effective in promoting financial support than direct financing.The empirical results retain their robustness even after substituting explanatory variables.The study concludes by contextualizing the research findings within the current real-world scenario,offering practical insights,and proposing specific recommendations.

Research on Efficiency of Financial Supports in Agricultural Industrialization in China

The agricultural industry development in China has been very successful, but there exist some problems, such as weak financial support strength. With the help of DEA-Malmquist index method, this paper evaluated the efficiency of the agricultural industrialization's financial supports, made a deep study of its influencing factors, which have an extremely important influence on the perfect agricultural industrialization's development.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Research on Financial Support for the New Types of Agricultural Management Entities from the Perspective of the Rural Revitalization Strategy

Both the escape from the predicament of traditional financial support in rural areas and the cultivation of new types of agricultural management entities underlie,at a micro level,the improvement of a new-type of agricultural management system,and offer an important guarantee for the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy.In reference to the demands of carrying out reform,activating factors,invigorating entities and stimulating markets during the implementation of this rural revitalization strategy,we are applying a financing preference theory that infers and analyzes the excessive preference for new-type agricultural management entities(family farms,specialized farmer cooperatives,specialized large family farms,and modern agricultural enterprises)regarding government subsidies(quasi-equity financing).Our analysis has identified crucial factors in the issue and predicts that government subsidies(quasi-equity financing)will crowd out financial support funding(quasi-debt financing),and we offer empirical proof obtained through statistical modeling.As our results indicate,financing costs,free cash flows,and the perceived income adequacy(PIA)of new-type agricultural management entities all have significant influence upon decision-making for debt financing by such entities.Therefore,with the concrete contents of the formulation of policies concerning the financial support for rural agricultural strategy,one not only needs to consider the further decrease of financing costs,but also should take into account both the designing of cash flow mechanism in the process of paying both principal and interest,and the improvement of bankruptcy rules for agricultural management entities to accelerate the transformation of family farms,specialized farmer cooperatives,and specialized large family farms,towards modern agricultural enterprises.Meanwhile,upgrades to the supply chains of the agriculture industry,improvements to the construction of the rural financial information system,building an accounting system that meets the requirements of the rural revitalization strategy,and giving full play to the policies for financial support,which assume an important role in activating factors and markets during the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,are also anticipated.

Effect of financial support on reducing the incidence of catastrophic costs among tuberculosis-affected households in Indonesia:eight simulated scenarios

Background:The World Health Organization's End Tuberculosis Strategy states that no tuberculosis(TB)-affected households should endure catastrophic costs due to TB.To achieve this target,it is essential to provide adequate social protection.As only a few studies in many countries have evaluated social-protection programs to determine whether the target is being reached,we assessed the effect of financial support on reducing the incidence of catastrophic costs due to TB in Indonesia.Methods:From July to Septem ber 2016,we interviewed adult patients receiving treatment for TB in 19 primary health centres in urban,sub-urban and rural area of Indonesia,and those receiving multidrug-resistant(MDR)TB treatment in an Indonesian national referral hospital.Based on the needs assessment,we developed eight scenarios for financial support.We assessed the effect of each simulated scenario by measuring reductions in the incidence of catastrophic costs.Results:We analysed data of 282 TB and 64 MDR-TB patients.The incidences of catastrophic costs in affected households were 36 and 83%,respectively.Patients'primary needs for social protection were financial support to cover costs related to income loss,transportation,and food supplements.The optimum scenario,in which financial support would be provided for these three items,would reduce the respective incidences of catastrophic costs in TB and MDR-TB-affected households to 11 and 23%.The patients experiencing catastrophic costs in this scenario would,however,have to pay high rem aining costs(median of USD 910;[interquartile range(IQR)662]in the TB group,and USD 2613;[IQR 3442]in the MDR-TB group).Conclusions:Indonesia's current level of social protection is not sufficient to mitigate the socioeconom ic im pact of TB.Financial support for income loss,transportation costs,and food-supplem ent costs will substantially reduce the incidence of catastrophic costs,but financial support alone will not be sufficient to achieve the target of 0%TBaffected households facing catastrophic costs.This would require innovative social-protection policies and higher levels of dom estic and external funding.

IS-LM Model Based Analysis on the Role of China's Financial Policy for Supporting Agriculture

The"three rural"issues have always been an important and prominent issue in China's economy and society.The"No.1 Document"of the central government of China over the years has all stressed this field.The state has also undertaken various economic policies to increase the income of rural residents,support agricultural development,and improve rural infrastructure construction.Among the various policies,financial support for agriculture is a frequently used macroeconomic policy.Based on the IS-LM model,this paper analyzed the effects of financial policy for supporting agriculture on the IS-LM model,discussed the specific role of the financial policy,in order to provide a certain reference for the government to better use financial policy to support the agriculture.

More Financial Support for SMEs

In 2009, China’s enterprises face grim challenges both from the inside and outside. Amid a sluggish market and plummeting demand, Chinese enterprises are suffering from financial strain and operational difficulties. In order to expand financing channels and establish a financing platform for enterprises, the China Enterprise Development Finance Summit was held on June 27-28 in Beijing. The summit was sponsored by the Research Institute under the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with other government departments, commercial banks, private equity firms and venture capital funds. In response to the financing difficulties of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs), bankers presented their own opinions at the summit. The address of Liu Wenfa from the National Development Bank, Lei Jia from the Cooperative Finance Supervision Department at the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and He Ning from Morgan Stanley Bank International (China) Ltd. won wide recognition among the attendees.

Empirical Analysis on Effect of Agricultural Financial Investment on Increase of Farmers' Income

On the basis of economic data from 1978 to 2006,the co-integration theory is applied to discuss the relation between agricultural financial investment and farmers' income.The statistic AR model is obtained.Then,it makes pulse response analysis in combination with principle of pulse response analysis.The regression results show that support in agricultural production,various agricultural operating expenses and three types of costs for agricultural science and technology are favorable to farmers' income,while expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief costs hinder increase of farmers' income.The results of pulse response analysis indicate that the change in support of agricultural production and various agricultural operating expenses have positive impact on farmers' net income,and the impact is greater and greater from the second year;the response of expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief cost is positive in the beginning and starts to fluctuate from the third year;the pulse response of three types of costs for agricultural science and technology is negative,lasts about five periods,and then turns to positive impact.Finally,combining characteristics of China's financial support for agriculture,it concludes that the scale,proportion and structure of financial support for agriculture are quite improper.

Plight and Countermeasures of Petty Credit Loan in Rural Financial Institutions in the Context of Rural Revitalization Strategy

The implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy will surely release a huge financial demand in rural areas.How to use the petty credit loan in rural financial institutions to develop rural economy is an effective way to implement the rural revitalization strategy.This paper first analyzes the significance of petty credit loan in rural financial institutions for rural revitalization strategy,then introduces the remarkable contribution of petty credit loan in China's rural financial institutions to actively solving the problems of farmers about difficult financing and expensive financing and elaborates on the main problems of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions that still exist in the process of supporting rural revitalization,and finally gives several suggestions on solving the problems about the financing of farmers and the development of petty credit loan business in rural financial institutions.

Research on the Function of Government Fund Support in Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Innovation

Pharmaceutical technology innovation process needs a lot of human, material and financial support, so the government must give full play to its financial support function. Specifically, the government should improve the fund investment mechanism of the pharmaceutical industry, improve the financial investment management system of pharmaceutical technology innovation, strengthen the function and mechanism of the capital market, improve the risk investment system, focus on cultivating a good credit environment, and increase the support of national policy-based financial institutions. Through direct investment, financial subsidies, tax incentives and low-interest financing and other means, vigorously promote the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation capacity.

Innovative Research on Funding and Educating People in Applied Colleges and Universities Under the Perspective of Labor Education

As an important part of the“Five Education,”labor education is a practical activity for cultivating labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit(also named craftsman spirit).This article points out the importance of integrating labor education into the process of“funding and educating people”in applied colleges and universities.It also explores the role of labor education as a starting point from the three aspects of labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit.It provides an innovative path for applied colleges to fund and educate people.

加入WTO与南京高新技术产业发展的金融支持

High technology industry makes great contribution to the growth of national or regional economy. For years, Nanjing has done her best to develop high technology industry and got good achievements. But, the development of Nanjing’s high technology industry is still in short of powerful financial support. This paper analyses the shortage of financial support and provides some suggestions to solve the problem.

Constructing a Chinese-Style Zero-Carbon Financial System: Theoretical Considerations and Policy Recommendations

The Chinese government's"dual carbon"commitment to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in September 2020 indicates that China will promote green economy transition and achieve high-quality growth in line with the New Development Concept.Definitely,both China's economic and financial development will undergo a paradigm shift.This paper reviews the evolution of global finance's role in supporting environmental governance,climate change and sustainable development,and proposes that the time has come to develop zero-carbon finance which should be closely aligned with the""netzero emissions"requirement for achieving the global temperature target of the Paris Agreement.While the current policy frameworks for zero-carbon finance in major Western countries are useful references,they also have limitations.In order to build a Chinese-style zero-carbon financial system,China should integrate the experience of other countries and leverage both institutional advantages and green finance practices of own to the fullest extent possible.This paper goes into further detail about the concept of building a zerocarbon financial macro-management framework and a composite ecology of the zerocarbon financial market,and puts forward policy recommendations.The Chinese-style zero-carbon finance solution will also contribute to global carbon neutrality by enabling China to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible and providing countries with China's solutionas reference.

Does overcapacity prompt controlling shareholders to play a propping role for listed companies?

A major risk currently facing the Chinese economy is overcapacity,which affects the efficiency of social resource allocation(Xi et al.,2017;Huang et al.,2019).When a company is in crisis,the internal capital market often plays a propping role.This study approached this issue from the perspective of the controlling shareholder and examined whether controlling shareholders provide financial support to enterprises in industries with excess capacity.According to the data for China’s A-share listed companies from 2007 to2019,companies in industries with excess capacity received more financial support from controlling shareholders compared with those in non-overcapacity industries.Analysis of the mechanism revealed that state-owned enterprises and companies with relatively poor financial status received more financial support from controlling shareholders.This study also examined the economic consequences of such support and found that it is conducive to enhancing enterprise value.This study enriches the literature on overcapacity and internal capital markets by demonstrating that internal capital markets play a propping role for companies facing industry-level crises.This finding has both theoretical value and practical implications related to supply-side reform and capacity reduction.

Quality of life among elderly in developing countries: issues and challenges

Unlike developed countries,the process of ageing in the developing country is a major and serious concern where the health infrastructure,geriatric system and social security remain underdeveloped.This paper aims to assess the gaps in quality of life among the elderly by socio-economic and demographic characteristics and to know the issues and challenges in the selected developing countries where Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health(SAGE)namely China,India,Ghana,South Africa,Mexico,and Russia has been conducted.The overall score indicates that there is a little variation in the quality of life across the countries,ranging from 52.1(China)to 45.5(Ghana).However,there is considerable variation in the quality-of-life score by socio-economic characteristics.From the existing policy perspectives,different aspects of old age policies are varied across the selected countries.The rapid expan-sion of the private sector into these areas is unlikely to benefit the bulk of the elders.The countries like India,South Africa and Mexico,where the private sector plays a major role,lack health care support for the elderly.However,financial support sig-nificantly contributes to the quality of life in terms of policy intervention in those countries.Thus,the respective governments need to address urgently the areas like health care,financial and social security to achieve the healthy lives and wellbeing for all of the sustainable development goals by 2030.