Effects of dietary vitamin E on muscle vitamin E and fatty acid content in Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.

Studies on Wool-Eating Ailment in Guizhou Semi-Fine Wool Sheep

The clinical symptoms of a disorder which is known locally as ＂wool-eating ailment＂ in Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep in the Weining County of Guizhou Province, China, are poor weight gain, lost appetite, pica, emaciation, and wool-eating. The mineral composition of forage, and samples of blood, liver and wool from Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep in affected ranches were compared with those from the unaffected areas. The mean concentration of iron in forage from affected pasture was significantly higher than that from the unaffected pasture. The mean concentration of sulfur in forage from the affected and unaffected pasture was similar and within normal ranges. The mean concentration of sulfur in blood, liver and wool from the affected Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep was significantly lower than that from the unaffected sheep while the content of iron in blood, liver and wool from the affected sheep was significantly higher than that from the unaffected sheep. Oral administration of calcium sulfate prevented and cured the disease. We concluded that the disease of Guizhou semi-fine wool sheep in the Weining County is due to S deficiency caused by the high Fe in forages.

High gene flows promote close genetic relationship among finewool sheep populations(Ovis aries) in China

The aim of our present study was to construct genetic structure and relationships among Chinese fine-wool sheep breeds. 46 individuals from 25 breeds or strains were genotyped based on the Illumina Ovine 50K SNP array. Meanwhile, genetic variations among 482 individuals from 9 populations were genotyped with 10 microsatellites. In this study, we found high genetic polymorphisms for the microsatellites, while 7 loci in the Chinese superfine Merino strain （Xinjiang types） （CMS） and 5 loci in Gansu alpine superfine-wool sheep strain （GSS） groups were found deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （HWE）. Genetic drift FsT=0.019 （P〈0.001） and high gene flows were detected in all the 7 fine-wool sheep populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed fine-wool sheep populations were clustered in a group independent from the Chinese indigenous breeds such that the 7 fine-wool sheep clustered distinct from Liangshan semifine-wool sheep （LS） and Hu sheep （HY） reflected by different population differentiation analyses. Overall, our findings suggested that all fine-wool sheep populations have close genetic relationship, which is consistent with their breeding progress. These populations, therefore, can be regarded as open-breeding populations with high levels of gene flows. Furthermore, the two superfine-wool strains, viz., CMS and GSS, might be formed by strong artificial selection and with frequent introduction of Australian Merino. Our results can assist in breeding of superfine-wool sheep and provide guidance for the cultivation of new fine-wool sheep breeds with different breeding objectives.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Main Economic Traits in Keerqin Fine Wool Sheep

To investigate the population genetic structure of Keerqin fine wool sheep, the paternal half sib correlation method was employed to estimate the body weight traits, genetic and phenotypic correlation between fleece traits in the Keerqin fine wool sheep. The results showed that the correlation coefficients were 0.690 1, 0.593 1, 0.581 2, 0.210 2 for birth weight with weaning weight, body weight at one week of age, body weight at two week of age, and body weight at three week of age, respectively. The genetic correlations were highly significant （ P 〈0.01 ） for the four pairs of traits. The correlation coefficients were 0.373 3, 0.274 1, 0.268 2 for weaning weight with body weight at one week of age, body weight at two week of age, and body weight at three week of age, respectively. The genetic correlations were also extremely significant （ P 〈 0.01 ） for the three pairs of traits. The correlation coefficients were 0.712 0, 0.805 0, 0.717 1,0.701 9, 0.531 6, 0.719 0, 0.681 3 and 0.521 3 for wool fineness at one week and two week of age, wool fineness at one week and three week of age, staple length and fleece weight at one week of age, staple length at one week and three week of age, fleece weight at one week of age and wool fineness at three week of age, wool fineness at two week and three week of age, wool fineness at two week of age and fleece weight at three week of age, and fleece weight at two week and three week of age, respectively. The high genetic correlations were extremely significant （ P 〈0. O1 ） for the eight pairs of traits. The phenotypic correlations were generally lower than the genetic correlations.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Main Wool Traits in Keerqin Fine Wool Sheep

[Objective]To investigate the population genetic structure of Keerqin fine wool sheep. [Method]The genetic parameters of wool traits in Keerqin fine wool sheep were calculated by employing paternal half sib correlation method. [Results]The traits with high heritability( h≥0. 3) included wool length( 1-year old),wool yield( 1-year old) and wool yield( 2-year old); that with medium heritability( 0. 1≤h≤0. 3) included wool fineness( 1-year old),wool fineness( 2-year old),wool length( 3-year old) and wool yield( 3-year old). There were extremely significant positive correlations between wool fineness( 1-year old) and wool fineness( 2-year old),between wool fineness( 1-year old) and wool fineness( 3-year old),between wool length( 1-year old) and wool length( 2-year old),between wool length( 1-year old) and wool length( 3-year old),and between wool fineness( 2-year old) and wool fineness( 3-year old),with the correlation coefficients of 0. 653 0,0. 625 8,0. 489 6,0. 578 8,0. 578 4 and 0. 554 6 respectively. The results showed that the phenotypic correlation was poorer than genetic correlation among the wool traits. [Conclusion]The wool fineness,wool yield and body weight of Keerqin fine wool sheep all fail to meet the excellent level and need to be improved further.

Heritability Estimate for Aohan Fine-wool Sheep's Main Economic Characters

Objective] This study aimed to estimate the heritability of Aohan fine-wool sheep＇s main economic characters. [ Method] Half-sib correlation in sire method was adopted to estimate Aohan file-wool sheep＇s Birth Weight（BW）, Weaning Litter Weight （WLW）, Weaning Litter Staple Fineness（WLSF）, One-age Staple Fineness（OASF）, One-age Staple Length （ OASL）, One-age Wool Yield（OAWY）, Main Economic Characters of One-age Aohan fine-wool sheep, Two-age Staple Fineness （TASF）, Two-age Staple Length （TASL）, Two-age Wool Yield （TAWY）, Two-age Weight （TAW） after cropping. [ Result] The heritability was 0.1 -0.7. [ Conclusion~ The heritability of Aohan fine-wool sheep＇s main characters was middle-and-high.

Application Effect of Key Technology for Fine WoolProduction

By analyzing the gap between China and foreign countries in fine wool production, combined with the practical experience of fine woolproduction, the application effects of sheep clothing full coverage technology, mechanical shearing technology, wool grading and collection technology, scale packaging technology and standardized shearing environment control technique were evaluated, in order to provide reference for popularization and application of fine wool production.

HSPA2和SPATA6在彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织中的细胞定位及表达差异分析

热休克蛋白A2(HSPA2)是热休克蛋白HSP70家族重要成员,能够促进睾丸支持细胞增殖;精子发生相关基因6(SPATA6)能够调控肌球蛋白合成的微丝运输系统,影响精子细胞骨架形成。在雄性哺乳动物生殖过程中,两者均起重要作用。为研究HSPA2和SPATA6在雄性彭波半细毛羊生殖过程中的表达规律和细胞定位,以不同年龄阶段(3月龄、12月龄和3岁龄)彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织为研究对象,运用实时荧光定量PCR(real time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫组织化学染色法(IHC)从转录和翻译水平检测了HSPA2和SPATA6在不同年龄阶段彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织的表达水平和分布模式,分析预测HSPA2和SPATA6在彭波半细毛羊睾丸发育和精子发生过程中的调控作用。结果表明:12月龄和3岁龄彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织中HSPA2 mRNA的相对表达量以及蛋白表达量极显著高于3月龄(P<0.01);12月龄SPATA6 mRNA的相对表达量以及蛋白表达量极显著高于3月龄(P<0.01),显著高于3岁龄(P<0.05)。不同年龄阶段彭波半细毛羊睾丸组织的支持细胞和间质细胞中HSPA2和SPATA6蛋白均有分布。初步推断,HSPA2和SPATA6的表达水平变化在调控彭波半细毛羊精子发生过程和促进精子成熟中具有重要作用。

细毛羊主要毛用性状检测及其评定方法

羊毛品质的检测方法、检测标准在推动毛纺工业发展、羊毛贸易以及细毛羊育种中具有重要作用。通过归纳国内外相关文献及标准,总结了国内外主要毛用性状及其检测标准;依据已有标准并结合国内在生产中的实际应用,详细介绍了2个羊毛产量性状与6类羊毛品质性状的客观测定方法,最后系统介绍了澳大利亚和中国开发的羊毛表型目测评定方法。文章可为开展羊毛纤维品质的统一测定和评估提供参考。

彭波半细毛羊屠宰性能与肉质特性研究

为更好地开发利用彭波半细毛羊遗传资源,从西藏自治区林周县种羊场选取相同饲养管理条件下的8月龄彭波半细毛公羊和母羊各8只,测定了屠宰性能和肉质特性。结果表明,8月龄彭波半细毛母羊的背膘厚度、背最长肌干物质含量、脂肪含量、必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量(EAA/TAA)、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和n-6 PUFA含量均显著高于公羊(P<0.05);公羊背最长肌的亮度(L^(*))、剪切力、水分含量、鲜味氨基酸、非必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量(NEAA/TAA)、二十碳二烯酸含量和花生四烯酸含量均显著高于母羊(P<0.05)。且公、母羊肉的EAA/TAA均超过40%,EAA/NEAA均在67%左右。综上说明,8月龄彭波半细毛羊羊肉属于优质蛋白质,母羊肉的嫩度和营养价值优于公羊肉,公羊肉的色泽更鲜亮、口感更鲜美。

不同基因编辑类型对FGF5基因编辑羊羊毛性状的影响

【目的】分析不同基因编辑类型对成纤维生长因子5(FGF5)基因编辑细毛羊羊毛性状的影响,为开展基因编辑细毛羊的羊毛性状遗传参数评估提供理论依据。【方法】收集181只FGF5周岁基因羊,分析编辑细毛羊羊毛自然长度、伸直长度、羊毛纤维直径和剪毛量等性状的数据。【结果】FGF5基因编辑细毛羊羊毛自然长度平均值为10.49 cm,变异系数为11.82%。FGF5-InDel和FGF5-HDR基因编辑细毛羊羊毛自然长度和剪毛量均极显著高于野生型(P<0.01)。-28 bp或-26 bp、2 bp和置换(c.61 C>T)的羊毛自然长度和伸直长度均极显著长于wt(P<0.01),-28 bp或-26 bp的剪毛量显著高于wt(P<0.05)。-28 bp基因型的双等位基因编辑和单等位基因编辑突变的羊毛自然长度和伸直长度均极显著长于野生型(P<0.01)。【结论】不同基因编辑类型的FGF5基因编辑细毛羊均可显著提高羊毛自然长度和剪毛量,可利用表型性状突出的后代组建核心编辑羊群体,促进FGF5基因编辑细毛羊选育扩繁。

黄芪多糖对贵乾半细毛羊疾病发生、生长性能及生化指标的影响

为研究黄芪多糖对放牧贵乾半细毛羊疾病发生率、生长性能及生理生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的6月龄贵乾半细毛羊120只,随机分为对照组、试验A组、B组、C组,每组30只,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组日粮中不添加黄芪多糖,试验A组、B组和C组分别在日粮中添加1、2、3 g/(d·只)黄芪多糖。预饲期15 d,试验期90 d,观察疾病发生,测定各组羊只的生长性能并采集血液检测生理生化指标。结果表明:(1)试验C组发病率最低(3.33%)对照组发病率最高(26.67%)。(2)C组平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于试验B组和C组(P<0.05);且对照组日精料采食量显著低于试验组(P<0.05)。(3)C组抗氧化指标SOD和GSH-Px显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)C组的GPT指标显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,日粮中添加黄芪多糖可提高放牧贵乾半细毛羊日增重,提高机体免疫能力和抗氧化力。

不同月份成年阿勒泰羊黑色毛绒品质变化规律研究

为了解阿勒泰羊黑色粗毛和绒毛性状在不同月份的变化规律,对2020年11月-2021年4月收集的100只成年阿勒泰母羊毛绒样品检测,分析各性状间的相关关系。结果显示:(1)绒毛含量随月份推移先升高后趋于平缓,1月份为阿勒泰成年母羊绒毛含量的高峰月(50.32%);(2)绒纤维平均直径随月份推移先下降后上升,2月份绒纤维平均直径达到最低(21.63μm);(3)手排长度随月份推移先降低后升高,11月份的手排长度最高(43.55 mm);(4)断裂伸长百分比随着月份的推移先降低后趋于平缓,11月份的断裂伸长百分比值最高(47.18%);(5)粗毛白度、粗毛光泽度在11-12月份、2月份和4月份之间均无显著差异性(P>0.05);(6)在11-4月份期间,1月份的绒毛含量显著高于11月份,2月份的绒纤维直径显著小于11月份,2月份的绒舒适度显著优于12月份,1月份的绒毛白度和绒毛光泽度均优于12月份。试验结果表明,1-2月份为阿勒泰母羊绒品质的最佳时期。

云南半细毛羊品种选育及产业化推广

云南半细毛羊具有体质结实、毛丛丰满、适应性强、产毛和产肉性能优良等特性,是我国内陆亚高山和南方高寒冷凉地区的优势畜种。该文围绕云南半细毛羊培育和产业发展现状,从培育历程、资源概况、选育技术、饲养管理、生产性能鉴定、成果转化和产业化示范等方面,重点分析了云南半细毛羊保种选育成效和推广应用情况,以期为该品种的选育提高、保护和利用提供参考。

白水县同羊原种场同羊春毛品质分析

同羊系是我国唯一的地方半细毛羊品种,年剪春、秋毛两次,本文就舍饲饲养方式下的同羊春季羊毛品质进行分析。主要对同羊春季剪毛量、净毛量、净毛率、羊毛纤维细度、长度、弯曲数、白度、羊毛颜色、油汗颜色及含量等指标进行检测。结果表明:加强基础母羊群营养与饲养管理水平,适当增加种母羊运动量和运动时间,均有利于改善毛品质。

山谷型藏羊与青海半细毛羊和青海藏羊的肌肉营养成分测定比较

为研究推广优良品种优势,更好地服务于选种、选育和羊肉生产性能推广应用,选取山谷型藏羊与青海半细毛羊和青海藏羊3个品种、不同年龄的羯羊,开展肌肉营养成分分析和氨基酸含量测定,结果表明:山谷型藏羊主要营养指标和检测数据为:粗蛋白含量为21.00%,粗脂肪3.15%,胆固醇0.3650(mg/g),挥发性盐基氮0.1190(mg/g),矿物质总量6785(mg/g),能量为4.74(kJ/g),氨基酸总量比青海半细毛羊高16.08%,比青海藏羊高5.06%。结论是挥发性盐基酸的含量可反映了羊肉的新鲜程度,在0.15 mg/g以内均为新鲜,说明本次分析检测的羊肉具有高能量、高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇和氨基酸含量丰富的食品,是符合无公害食品。

周岁彭波半细毛羊羊毛品质分析

为了解彭波半细毛羊的羊毛品质,随机选择1周岁的彭波半细毛羊公羊7只,母羊21只,采集其肩部、体侧和股部羊毛,统计分析平均纤维直径、洗净率、毛丛自然长度、卷曲度、伸直率和油汗比例等指标。结果表明,周岁公羊的肩部羊毛纤维直径显著低于母羊(P<0.05),公羊各部位羊毛毛丛自然长度极显著低于母羊(P<0.01),公羊肩部羊毛卷曲度极显著高于母羊(P<0.01),公羊各部位羊毛的油汗比例极显著低于母羊(P<0.01)。综上,彭波半细毛羊的羊毛品质较好,但其色度和公羊的毛丛自然长度仍有改善的空间。

基于全基因组重测序分析新疆细毛羊遗传多样性

【目的】基于全基因组重测序研究新疆细毛羊遗传多样性。【方法】利用新疆细毛羊的全基因组重测序数据和NCBI下载获得的策勒黑羊、巴音布鲁克羊、阿勒泰羊全基因组重测序数据,检测不同绵羊品种的核苷酸多态性和单倍型多态性,评估其遗传多样性现状,计算群体分化指数、观望/观测杂合度,分析遗传多样性,评价不同绵羊品种现有的遗传变异水平。【结果】全基因组重测序获得了97647435个高质量的常染色单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点和15886270个插入或缺失(Indel);新疆细毛羊的遗传多样性水平显著低于阿勒泰羊,低于巴音布鲁克羊,略高于策勒黑羊;4个绵羊群体遗传多样性顺序:阿勒泰羊>巴音布鲁克羊>策勒黑羊>新疆细毛羊。【结论】选取的4个绵羊群体中,新疆细毛羊的遗传多样性水平相对较低。

新吉细毛羊和小尾寒羊差异表达miRNAs筛选与调控网络分析

【目的】筛选新吉细毛羊和小尾寒羊体内差异微小RNAs(microRNAs,miRNAs),研究miRNAs和靶基因对羊毛纤维机制表达的调控模式。【方法】选取两种毛细度存在显著差异的新吉细毛羊(XFWS)和小尾寒羊(SXW),采集血浆中外泌体进行转录组测序,构建文库并鉴定miRNAs,使用edgeR包对miRNAs进行差异表达分析,使用miRanda和Targetscan软件预测miRNAs的靶基因,对靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,对差异miRNAs靶基因进行miRNAs-mRNA互作调控网络分析,使用实时荧光定量PCR对转录组数据中miRNAs进行验证。【结果】新吉细毛羊和小尾寒羊血浆外泌体中存在1019个miRNAs,其中已知miRNAs 112个,新预测miRNAs 907个,经筛选存在差异表达miRNAs 364个,其中与羊毛细度呈正相关性基因62个,呈负相关性基因302个。经多数据库比对获得靶基因的注释信息18996个,GO功能富集分析显示,17193个注释靶基因富集到6608个条目中;KEGG通路分析显示其富集在276个通路之中,经蛋白互作分析找到与羊毛纤维机制表达相关miRNAs 5个及靶基因42个。实时荧光定量PCR验证差异miRNAs结果显示,oar-miR-218a、oar-miR-370-3p、oar-miR-133、oar-miR-29a、oar-miR-27a、oar-miR-485-3p、oar-miR-22-3p、oar-miR-23a、oar-miR-148a、oar-miR-412-3p在新吉细毛羊体内表达量均显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),oar-miR-26a、oar-miR-29b、oar-miR-329b-3p、oar-miR-409-3p、oar-miR-30a-3p在小尾寒羊体内表达量均显著高于新吉细毛羊(P<0.05),与转录组测序结果一致。【结论】新吉细毛羊和小尾寒羊体内存在oar-miR-218a、oar-miR-370-3p、oar-miR-133等364个差异miRNAs,其中oar-miR-133、oar-miR-150、oar-miR-127、oar-miR-23a、oar-miR-370-3p与其42个靶基因共同参与羊毛纤维机制表达,FGFR2、NOTCH1、SHH参与多通路调节,在联级调节中起重要作用。

彭波半细毛羊羊肉风味物质的鉴定与分析

为探究彭波半细毛羊羊肉的挥发性风味物质,选择体重相近、健康状况良好的8月龄公母羊各10只,屠宰后采集胴体左侧部位的背最长肌,采用顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱(HS-GC-IMS)联用技术对肉品挥发性风味物质进行鉴定。结果表明,彭波半细毛羊公、母羊肉品中均鉴定出40种挥发性物质,其中35种物质被定性,包括醛类5种、酮类6种、醇类5种、酯类4种、烃类6种、杂环类9种;有5种未被定性出明确化合物。离子迁移差异图谱和指纹图谱结果显示,母羊与公羊肉样中挥发性风味物质差异较大,其中母羊B2、B4和B5号样品中15种物质(如2-庚酮、1-戊醇等)的含量高于公羊。对公、母羊肉品中挥发性风味物质含量的分析结果表明,母羊肉品中的(E)-2-辛烯醛、3-壬烯-2-酮和2-甲基吡嗪含量显著高于公羊(P<0.05);公羊肉品中糠醇单聚体含量显著高于母羊(P<0.05);其余已定性的物质含量在公、母羊肉品间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上说明,彭波半细毛羊母羊肉品中有含量较高的香味物质。