An aqueous BiI_(3)-Zn battery with dual mechanisms of Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation and I^(-)/I_(2)redox

The development of aqueous battery with dual mechanisms is now arousing more and more interest.The dual mechanisms of Zn^(2+)(de)intercalation and I^(-)/I_(2)redox bring unexpected effects.Herein,differing from previous studies using Zn I_(2)additive,this work designs an aqueous Bi I_(3)-Zn battery with selfsupplied I^(-).Ex situ tests reveal the conversion of Bi I_(3)into Bi(discharge)and Bi OI(charge)at the 1st cycle and the dissolved I^(-)in electrolyte.The active I^(-)species enhances the specific capacity and discharge medium voltage of electrode as well as improves the generation of Zn dendrite and by-product.Furthermore,the porous hard carbon is introduced to enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity and adsorb iodine species,proven by experimental and theoretical studies.Accordingly,the well-designed Bi I_(3)-Zn battery delivers a high reversible capacity of 182 m A h g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1),an excellent rate capability with 88 m A h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1),and an impressive cyclability with 63%capacity retention over 20 K cycles at 10 A g^(-1).An excellent electrochemical performance is obtained even at a high mass loading of 6 mg cm^(-2).Moreover,a flexible quasi-solid-state Bi I_(3)-Zn battery exhibits satisfactory battery performances.This work provides a new idea for designing high-performance aqueous battery with dual mechanisms.

Inhibitory Effect of Flavonoid Glycosides from Chlorophytum comosum on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 5-8F Cells and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To study the inhibitory activity of two flavonoid glycosides isolated from Chlorophytum comosum Laxum R.Br on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line 5-8F in vitro and its mechanism.[Methods]The flavonoid glycosides were isolated and purified from the ethanol alcoholic extract of the roots of Liliaceae plant Chlorophytum comosum by silica gel column chromatography,macroporous resin column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20,and reverse column chromatography(ODS).The inhibitory activity of flavonoid glycosides on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was analyzed by CCK-8 method,and the potential mechanism was preliminarily analyzed by molecular docking.[Results]Two flavonoid glycosides were identified as isovitexin 2″-0-rhamnoside and 7-2″-di-O-β-glucopyranosylisovitexin.Two flavonoid glycosides showed promising inhibitory effect on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F,with IC_(50) values of 24.8 and 27.5μmol/L,respectively.Molecular docking results showed that the potential targets of two flavonoid glycosides include CyclinD1,Bcl-2β-Catenin,ILK,TGF-β,in addition,two glycosides showed higher predicted binding affinity towards CyclinD1,which verifies the cytotoxicity of the two compounds on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F in vitro.[Conclusions]Two flavonoid glycosides are the active molecules in Chlorophytum comosum that can inhibit the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,and have the potential to be used in the research and development of anti nasopharyngeal carcinoma drugs.

Mechanical Properties and Fire Retardancy of Wood Flour/High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Continuous Honeycomb-Like Nano-SiO_(2)Network and Fire Retardant

The mechanical properties of wood flour/high-density polyethylene composites(WPC)were improved by adding a small amount of nano-SiO_(2)to obtain a network-structured WPC with a continuous honeycomb-like nano-SiO_(2)network.The wood flour was modified with a fire retardant(a mixture of sodium octabonate and amidine urea phosphate)to improve its fire retardancy.The flexural properties,creep resistance,thermal expansion,and fire retardancy of the WPC were compared to a control(WPCCTRL)without nano-SiO_(2)or fire retardant.The flexural strength and modulus of the WPC containing only 0.55 wt.%nano-SiO_(2)were 6.6%and 9.1%higher than the control,respectively,while the creep strain and thermal expansion rate at 90°C were 33.8%and 13.6%lower,respectively.The cone calorimetry tests revealed that the nano-SiO_(2)network physically shielded the WPC,giving it lower heat release and smoke production rates.The thermal expansion was further decreased by incorporating fire retardants into the WPC,which showed the lowest total heat release and total smoke production and the highest mass retention.This study demonstrates a facile procedure for producing WPC with desired performances by forming a continuous honeycomb-like network by adding a small amount of nanoparticles.

Application of diffusive transport model for better insight into retardation mechanisms involved in ion-imprinted membrane transport

Heavy metal removal from water is a great concern for environmentalists and engineers. Ion-imprinted membranes are among the state of the art technologies for selective adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous environment. Dialysis permeation of nickel ions through Ni(II)-imprinted membranes has been thermodynamically studied in our prior work. In current study, the diffusive transport model was developed and then applied for better insight into the retardation mechanisms involved in the ion-imprinted membrane transport. The Sips isotherm model was coupled with the transport model to obtain the governing equation. Chemisorption and physical interactions(bulk diffusion and pore-clogging) were the most probable retardation mechanisms according to the modeling results. Relative retardation factor(η) was also defined as; transport-rate controlled by chemical adsorption to that controlled by physical interactions. With the help of the retardation factor, it was understood that the membrane behavior gradually changes from chemisorption to facilitated transport during permeation time. Effect of important operating parameters such as time, temperature and concentration on transport behavior was also investigated. Results indicated that chemisorption rate is rather higher at lower concentrations, early permeation times and reduced temperatures. In addition, η tabulated greater values for Ni(II) compared to Co(II) due to the imprinting effect.

Dynamic Mechanical Characterizations and Road Performances of Flame Retardant Asphalt Mortars and Concretes

To research the dynamic mechanical properties and road performances of flame retardant asphalt mortars and mixtures, four different asphalt mortars/mixtures were prepared: a reference group and three asphalt mortars/mixtures containing composite flame retardant materials(M-FRs) of different proportions. Temperature sweep, frequency sweep, repeated creep test, force ductility test and bending beam rheological test were carried out to research the dynamic mechanical properties of asphalt mortars containing M-FRs; wheeltracking test, low-temperature bending test and freeze-thaw split test were used to study the road performances of asphalt mixtures containing M-FRs. The results show that high-temperature performances of the three flame retardant asphalt mortars improve greatly, while low-temperature cracking resistances decline. Both hightemperature performances and water stabilities of asphalt mixtures containing M-FRs are quite good and exceed the specification requirements. However, their low-temperature performances decline in different degrees. In summary, besides their good flame retardancy, the flame retardant asphalt mortars and mixtures also exhibit acceptable road performance.

Hot deformation behavior and globularization mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy with lamellar microstructure

Hot deformation behavior and globularization mechanism of Ti6A14V0.1B alloy with lamellar micro structure were quantitatively studied through isothermal compression tests with the temperature range of 850950 ℃and strain rate range of 0.011.00 s1. The results show that the peak flow stress and steady stress are sensitive to the strain rate and temperature. The value of deformation activation energy is 890.49 kJmo11 in （a＋β） region. Dynamic recrystallization is the major deformation mecha nism. Flow softening is dominated by dynamic recrystallization at 850950 ℃. TiB particles promote the recrystallization of laths. Globularization processes consist of four steps： for mation of subgrain after dynamic recovery in a plates; subgrain boundary migration caused by interracial instability; interfacial migration promoting phase wedge into a phase; disintegrating of a laths by diffusion processes; and grain boundary sliding. Globularization mechanisms during hot deformation processes of the Ti6A14V0.1B alloy with lamellar structure are continuous dynamic recrystallization.

A Further Inquiry on the Mechanism of 30-60 Day Oscillation in the Tropical Atmosphere

In a simple semi-geostropic model on the equatorial β-plane, the theoretical analysis on the 30-60 day oscillation in the tropical atmosphere is further discussed based on the wave-CISK mechanism. The convection heating can excite the CISK-Kelvm wave and CISK-Rossby wave in the tropical atmosphere and they are all the low-frequency modes which drive the activities of 30-60 day oscillation in the tropics. The most favorable conditions to excite the CISK-Kelvin wave and CISK-Rossby wave are indicated: There is convection heating but not very strong in the atmosphere and there is weaker disturbance in the lower troposphere.The influences of vertical shearing of basic flow in the troposphere on the 30-60 day oscillation in the tropics are also discussed.

Algebraic Solution for the Forward Displacement Analysis of the General 6-6 Stewart Mechanism

The solution for the forward displacement analysis（FDA） of the general 6-6 Stewart mechanism（i.e., the connection points of the moving and fixed platforms are not restricted to lying in a plane） has been extensively studied, but the efficiency of the solution remains to be effectively addressed. To this end, an algebraic elimination method is proposed for the FDA of the general 6-6 Stewart mechanism. The kinematic constraint equations are built using conformal geometric algebra（CGA）. The kinematic constraint equations are transformed by a substitution of variables into seven equations with seven unknown variables. According to the characteristic of anti-symmetric matrices, the aforementioned seven equations can be further transformed into seven equations with four unknown variables by a substitution of variables using the Grobner basis. Its elimination weight is increased through changing the degree of one variable, and sixteen equations with four unknown variables can be obtained using the Grobner basis. A 40th-degree univariate polynomial equation is derived by constructing a relatively small-sized 9 × 9 Sylvester resultant matrix. Finally, two numerical examples are employed to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve the efficiency of solution and reduce the computational burden because of the small-sized resultant matrix.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF WATER-RETENTIVE, FLAME-RETARDANT ACRYLIC FIBERS

The blend fibers of acrylonitrile-vinylidene chloride-sodium methallysulfonate copolymer(AN-VDC-SMAS) and cellulose acetate (CA) with various blend ratios were investigated bymeans of SEM, DDV, WAXD, etc. The results show that AN-VDC-SMAS and CA areincompatibale; the numerous microvoids in the blend fiber resulted from the phase seperationcan remarkably improve the water absorbability and the dyeing behavior but hardly influencethe mechanical properties. On the other hand, the crystal structure of the continuous phaseAN-VDC-SMAS is not influnced by the dispersed phase CA.

Mo-MOF对软质PVC材料的阻燃及抑烟性能

采用熔融共混的方法将含钼离子的有机框架材料(Mo-MOF)添加到软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料中,利用极限氧指数(LOI)测试仪、NBS烟箱、锥形量热仪、拉伸强度测试仪等研究了材料的阻燃、抑烟及力学性能。测试结果表明,与软质PVC相比,当Mo-MOF的添加量为3%时,材料的LOI值由26.8%提高至30.3%,最大烟密度由918.5降低至471.2,总烟释放量(TSP)由25.23 m^(2)降低至12.02 m^(2),分别降低了48.7%及52.3%。此外,与PVC/MoO_(3)对比可知,当钼离子含量相同时,PVC/3%Mo-MOF材料的最大烟密度由774.0降低至471.2,TSP值由17.55 m^(2)降低至12.02 m^(2),分别降低了39.1%与31.5%。与MoO_(3)相比,Mo-MOF在PVC中的相容性及分散性更佳,在燃烧过程中形成了具有高比表面积的纳米级氧化钼,对PVC材料的阻燃及抑烟性能更佳。同时,随着Mo-MOF含量的增加,PVC材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均得到了一定程度的提高。

A Novel Bio-Based Zirconium Phosphonate as a Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant for Epoxy Resin

Although epoxy resin has been widely used in various fields,it still suffers from some problems including brittleness and flammability.In this study,a new phosphonic acid,N,N-bis(phosphomethyl)glycine(GDMP),was prepared by Mannich reaction with bio-based glycine and then a novel layered zirconium phosphonate(ZrGDMP)was synthesized using GDMP and zirconyl chloride hydrate as reactants.The chemical structure of ZrGDMP was well characterized by 1 H and 31P NMR,SEM,XRD and XPS.The effect of ZrGDMP on the flame retardancy,smoke suppression,strengthening and toughening performances of the epoxy matrix was investigated and evaluated.TGA results indicated that compared with pure EP,ZrGDMP-EP composites showed higher char yield due to the catalytic charring effect of ZrGDMP.The pure EP exhibited high flammability,while ZrGDMP-EP composites possessed excellent thermal stability and remarkable fire resistance.The PHRR,THR,and TSP values of 3wt%ZrGDMP-EP were obviously declined by 39.6%,40.2%,and 24.9%compared to these of pure EP.Moreover,the tensile and impact tests implied that the addition of ZrGDMP can significantly reinforce the toughness as well as the strength of EP in terms of higher impact strength(24.8 kJ/m^(2))and tensile strength(57.7 MPa),which was mainly contributed to the uniform dispersion of ZrGDMP within the EP matrix.

Recent Advances in Flame Retardant Bio-Based Benzoxazine Resins

Benzoxazines have attracted wide attention from academics all over the world because of their unique properties.However,most of the production and preparation of benzoxazine resins depends on petroleum resources now,especially bisphenol A-based benzoxazine.Therefore,owing to the environmental impacts,the development of bio-based benzoxazines is gaining more and more interest to substitute petroleum-based benzoxazines.Similar to petroleum-based benzoxazines,most of bio-based benzoxazines suffer from flammability.Thus,it is necessary to endow bio-based benzoxazines with outstanding flame retardancy.The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest advance in flame retardant bio-based benzoxazines.First,three methods of the synthesis of bio-based benzoxazines are introduced briefly.Furthermore,the curing mechanism of benzoxazine and the effect of branched chains on the curing behavior are also discussed and summarized.Subsequently,this review focuses on fully bio-based benzoxazines,partly bio-based benzoxazines,and bio-based benzoxazine composite materials in terms of flame retardancy as well as thermal stability and some other special properties.Finally,we give a brief comment on the challenges and prospects of the future development of flame retardant bio-based benzoxazines.

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

The potential therapeutic effect DL0805-2 on experimental pulmonary hypertensive rats and the underlying mechanisms

Aim DL0805-2 is a novel Rho-kinases inhibitor which has been found to have potent cardiovascular effects. In the present research, we aimed to study the potential of DL0805-2 in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension （PAH） and discuss the underlying mechanisms preliminarily. Methods A classical PAH animal model was used, which was established by single injection of 50 mg · kg^-1 monocrotaline （MCT）. One week later, the rats were administrated with 1, 3, 10 mg · kg^-1 DL0805-2 via intraperitoneal injection for 18 days. At the end of the experiment, the body weight and survival rate were recorded. Meanwhile, the respiration function, heart function, blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were detected. Serum was collected for biochemical index analysis. The weight of vital organs was used to calculate the organ index. Histopathology examination was em-ployed to observe the subtle changes in hearts, vessels and lungs. Furthermore, the mechanisms were studied main- ly by the method of western blotting. Results DL0805-2 did not show significant influence on body weight of PAH rats. But the survival rate of PAH rats treated with 3 and 10 mg · kg^-1 DL0805-2 was increased up to 90. 9% com- pared with the model group （68.2%）. DL0805-2 improved the pulmonary artery blood flow especially the maximal -1 -1 velocity （PV max） from 397.2 cm · s^-1 to 506.5, 540. 1 and 574.0 cm · s^-1 respectively. The results of echocar- diography and electrocardiogram show that DL0805-2 had little effect on left ventricle and systemic circulation but attenuated right ventricle injury and decreased the right ventricle pressure from 73.73 mmHg to 47.80, 42.64 and 46.45 mmHg respectively after DL0805-2 intervention. Disease markers of PAH including NT-proBNP in serum and ET-1 in lung tissue homogenate and serum biochemical indicators, ALT, AST and LDH, were reduced by DL0805-2. DL0805-2 also relieved edema of lungs and decreased inflammatory cytokines production. Through the examination on histopathologic slide of pulmonary main artery, right ventricle and lung, DL0805 derivatives were found to have significant protection effect on structural changes of organs induced by pulmonary hypertension. Ac- cording to the preliminary study on the mechanisms of DL0805-2 in PAH, Rho/ROCK pathway was significantly in- hibited by DL0805 derivatives. In addition, DL0805 derivatives showed effect on BMPRII/p-Smad pathway and ap- optosis related pathway. Conclusion DL0805-2 has showed potent treatment effect on the PAH rats. And the un- derlying mechanisms studies also indicated that RhoA/ROCK and BMPRII pathways were involved. This work will provide basis experimental data for the further research and development of DL0805-2.

Influence of gas transport mechanisms on the productivity of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs

In order to investigate the influence on shale gas well productivity caused by gas transport in nanometer- size pores, a mathematical model of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs is built, which considers the influence of viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and adsorption layer thickness. A dis- crete-fracture model is used to simplify the fracture mod- cling, and a finite element method is applied to solve the model. The numerical simulation results indicate that with a decrease in the intrinsic matrix permeability, Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion contributions to production become large and cannot be ignored. The existence of an adsorption layer on the nanopore surfaces reduces the effective pore radius and the effective porosity, resulting in low production from fractured horizontal wells. With a decrease in the pore radius, considering the adsorption layer, the production reduction rate increases. When the pore radius is less than 10 nm, because of the combined impacts of Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and adsorption layers, the production of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells increases with a decrease in the pore pressure. When the pore pressure is lower than 30 MPa, the rate of production increase becomes larger with a decrease in pore pressure.

Mechanism of "Epimedium-Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer with bone metastasis

Objective:"Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" is a kind of kidney tonifying drug commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis, which has good clinical effect, but the pharmacological mechanism has not been fully clarified. Methods: In this study, the network pharmacology and bioinformatics technology were used to explore the mechanism of "Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. TCMSP, TCM database@Taiwan and TCMID databases were used to screen the main effective components of the drug. Swiss Target Prediction and STITCH databases were used to search the potential target of action of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola. Genecards, OMIN and Drugbank databases were used to search the cause of bone metastasis of breast cancer. The target of action of the drug and the disease gene were mapped for GO and KEGG signal pathway analysis, A visualized network of "drug - component - target - signaling pathway" was constructed by using the software of Cytoscape 3.6.0, and the core genes were screened out. Results: The study found that there are 30 main effective components of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola, and 544 genes are involved in the potential therapeutic targets, among which 101 genes are potential targets of Epimedium and Cistanche deserticola in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. Through the analysis of GO and KEGG pathways, we found that the mechanisms involved in antitumor, osteoblast differentiation, osteoclast apoptosis and regulation of bone microenvironment, such as apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1 signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. TP53, VEGFA, AKT1, EGFR, SRC, CCND1, MAPK3, ESR1 may be the key genes in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. Conclusion: In this study, the network of "drug - component - target- signaling pathway" was constructed through network pharmacology, and it was found that the mechanism of "Epimedium - Cistanche deserticola" in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis involves multiple targets and pathways, which is conducive to guiding clinical medication.

Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde,4-Bromo-indanone,Malononitrile and Ammonium Acetate One-pot to Form 6-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-amino-6-bromo-5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile

The reaction mechanism of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-bromo-indanone, malononitrile and ammonium acetate one-pot to form 6-（2-methoxyphenyl）-2-amino-6-bromo-5 Hindeno[1,2-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile was studied by density functional theory. The geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates and products were optimized at the PW91/DNP level. Vibration analysis was carried out to confirm the transition state structure. Reaction pathways were investigated in this study. The result indicates that the reaction Re→ TSB1→IMB1→ TSB2→ IMB2→TSB3→IMB3→TSB4→IMB4→TSB5→IMB5→TSB6→IMB6→TSB7→IMB7→ TSB8→IMB8→TSB9→IMB9→P2 is the main pathway, the activation energy of which is the lowest. The dominant product predicted theoretically is in agreement with the experiment results.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

Degradation and detoxification mechanisms of organophosphorus flame retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCPP)during electrochemical oxidation process

Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCPP)by using Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb/La-PbO_(2)as anode was investigated for the first time,and the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of the degradation intermediates were further determined.Results suggested that electrochemical degradation of TDCPP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics,and the reaction rate constant(k)was 0.0332 min^(−1)at the applied current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)and Na_(2)SO_(4)concentration of 10 mmol/L.There was better TDCPP degradation performance at higher current density.Free hydroxy radical(•OH)was proved to play dominant role in TDCPP oxidation via quenching experiment,with a relative contribution rate of 60.1%.A total of five intermediates(M1,C_(6)H_(11)Cl_(4)O_(4)P;M2,C_(3)H_(7)Cl_(2)O_(4)P;M3,C_(9)H_(16)Cl_(5)O_(5)P;M4,C_(9)H_(14)Cl_(5)O_(6)P;M5,C_(6)H_(10)Cl_(3)O_(6)P)were identified,and the intermediates were further degraded prolonging with the reaction time.Flow cytometer results suggested that the toxicity of TDCPP and degradation intermediates significantly reduced,and the detoxification efficiency was achieved at 78.1%at 180 min.ECOSAR predictive model was used to assess the relative toxicity of TDCPP and the degradation intermediates.The EC_(50)to green algae was 3.59 mg/L for TDCPP,and the values raised to 84,574,54.6,391,and 8920 mg/L for M1,M2,M3,M4,and M5,respectively,indicating that the degradation intermediates are less toxic or not toxic.Electrochemical advanced oxidation process is a valid technology to degrade TDCPP and pose a good detoxification effect.