RANDOM SINGULAR INTEGRAL OF RANDOM PROCESS WITH SECOND ORDER MOMENT

This paper discussses the random singular integral of random process with second order moment, establishes the concepts of the random singular integral and proves that it's a linear bounded operator of space Ha(L)(m, s). Then Plemelj formula and some other properties for random singular integral are proved.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF METHANE-AIR TURBULENT JET FLAME USING A NEW SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL

A new second-order moment model for turbulent combustion is applied in the simulation of methane-air turbulent jet flame. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results and with those predicted using the well-known EBU-Arrhenius model and the original second-order moment model. The comparison shows the advantage of the new model that it requires almost the same computational storage and time as that of the original second-order moment model, but its modeling results are in better agreement with experiments than those using other models. Hence, the new second-order moment model is promising in modeling turbulent combustion with NOx formation with finite reaction rate for engineering application.

Comparison of a Full Second-Order Moment Model and an Algebraic Stress Two-Phase Turbulence Model for Simulating Bubble-Liquid Flows in a Bubble Column

A full second-order moment (FSM) model and an algebraic stress (ASM) two-phase turbulence modelare proposed and applied to predict turbulent bubble-liquid flows in a 2D rectangular bubble column. Predictiongives the bubble and liquid velocities, bubble volume fraction, bubble and liquid Reynolds stresses and bubble-liquidvelocity correlation. For predicted two-phase velocities and bubble volume fraction there is only slight differencebetween these two models, and the simulation results using both two models are in good agreement with the particleimage velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Although the predicted two-phase Reynolds stresses using the FSM are insomewhat better agreement with the PIV measurements than those predicted using the ASM, the Reynolds stressespredicted using both two models are in general agreement with the experiments. Therefore, it is suggested to usethe ASM two-phase turbulence model in engineering application for saving the computation time.

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model for simulating dense gas-particle flows

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concepts of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision and through a unified treatment of these two kinds of fluctuations. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle flows in a channel and in a downer. Simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results reported in references and are near the results obtained using the sin- gle-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model superposed with a particle collision model （USM-θ model） in most regions.

SECOND-ORDER MOMENT MODEL FOR DENSE TWO-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW OF BINGHAM FLUID WITH PARTICLES

The USM-θ model of Bingham fluid for dense two-phase turbulent flow was developed, which combines the second-order moment model for two-phase turbulence with the particle kinetic theory for the inter-particle collision. In this model, phases interaction and the extra term of Bingham fluid yield stress are taken into account. An algorithm for USM-θ model in dense two-phase flow was proposed, in which the influence of particle volume fraction is accounted for. This model was used to simulate turbulent flow of Bingham fluid single-phase and dense liquid-particle two-phase in pipe. It is shown USM-θ model has better prediction result than the five-equation model, in which the particle-particle collision is modeled by the particle kinetic theory, while the turbulence of both phase is simulated by the two-equation turbulence model. The USM-θ model was then used to simulate the dense two-phase turbulent up flow of Bingham fluid with particles. With the increasing of the yield stress, the velocities of Bingham and particle decrease near the pipe centre. Comparing the two-phase flow of Bingham-particle with that of liquid-particle, it is found the source term of yield stress has significant effect on flow.

EFFECT OF EMPIRICAL COEFFICIENTS ON SIMULATION IN TWO-SCALE SECOND-ORDER MOMENT PARTICLE-PHASE TURBULENCE MODEL

A two-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model accounting for inter-particle collision is developed, based on the concept of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision. The proposed model is used to simulate gas-particle downer reactor flows. The computational results of both particle volume fraction and mean velocity are in agreement with the experimental results. After analyzing effects of empirical coefficient on prediction results, we can come to a conclusion that, inside the limit range of empirical coefficient, the predictions do not reveal a large sensitivity to the empirical coefficient in the downer reactor, but a relatively great change of the constants has important effect on the prediction.

中国南海神狐海域水合物储层井壁稳定可靠度分析

天然气水合物具有巨大的潜在经济和环境价值,其开发利用对国家能源安全和实现国家碳达峰碳中和的“双碳目标”具有战略意义。我国天然气水合物资源主要分布于南海海域,海洋环境的复杂性和隐蔽性使工程测量数据具有较大不确定性,影响钻井安全。目前未见有水合物储层井壁稳定可靠度研究。为定量评估在我国南海神狐海域水合物储层钻井风险,基于水合物储层钻井井壁稳定解析理论和南海神狐海域具体地质条件,结合可靠度分析方法中的改进一次二阶矩法和响应面法,研究南海神狐海域水合物储层钻井井壁失稳概率分布特征,分析该海域井壁失稳概率及安全钻井液压力窗口对主要参数均值和不确定性的敏感性,结果表明:(1)若测量数据足够精确,在我国南海神狐海域水合物储层进行钻井活动的安全性较高,安全钻井液压力窗口也较大。测量数据的不确定性增大将使井壁失稳概率显著升高,缩窄安全钻井液压力窗口。(2)较低的钻井液温度对降低井壁失稳概率略有帮助,且能明显地扩大安全钻井液压力窗口。(3)5个主要参数的均值和不确定性对井壁失稳概率的影响次序相同,均为初始地应力>初始内摩擦角>弹性模量比>初始黏聚力>初始弹性模量。实际工程中对初始地应力数据精确测量,能够显著提高水合物储层钻井井壁稳定性。

一种新的含缺陷焊接管道失效概率计算FOSM 方法(英文)

在对工程焊接管道结构的缺陷进行可靠性安全评定工作中,如果失效函数的非线性程度较严重和随机变量不服从正态分布,利用R-F一次二阶矩(FOSM)方法计算结构的可靠度会带来较大的计算误差。本文将改善FOSM方法用于含缺陷焊接管道的失效概率计算。由于该方法合理解决非线性失效函数在失效点的线性展开及非正态随机变量的当量正态化,使焊接管道失效概率的计算精度大大提高。实际算例表明,该方法用于含缺陷焊接管道可靠性安全评定简单、有效、准确。与Monte Carlo 计算方法相比,其可大大降低计算量。

结构可靠性分析方法——AFOSM的进一步精确化

给出了结构可靠性分析方法——改进一次二阶矩法(AFOSM)一套新的计算公式,并以纤维增强复合材料层合板结构为研究对象,运用随机有限元法(SFEM)数值计算方法分析各单层板的可靠性指标β。文中算例计算结果表明,本文给出的计算公式是合理的和有效的,而且用它所得计算结果比用原AFOSM所得结果更加精确。

基于PKPM二次开发的结构构件可靠度指标计算

提出了便于与商用结构设计软件对接的结构构件可靠度指标计算框架。采用有限差分法计算结构构件荷载效应关于基本随机变量的偏导数;用矩传播的方法计算构件荷载效应的前两阶矩;依据一次二阶矩法计算结构构件的可靠度指标β。在此基础上,编制了基于PKPM的二次开发程序,可用于计算RC框架结构梁抗弯和抗剪极限承载能力的平均安全系数和可靠度指标。实例分析结果表明,对于按6度设防设计的结构,在6度地震作用下有少数梁的可靠度指标低于我国建筑结构可靠性设计统一标准的要求;当地震作用为7度时,多数梁的可靠度指标低于标准要求。

基于改进一次二阶矩方法的油气管道失效概率研究

油气管道在运行过程中存在诸多不确定性因素,采用改进的一次二阶矩计算方法,依据最大剪应力强度理论和管道工程设计规范,建立了油气管道的失效功能函数,提出了管道可靠度和失效概率的计算方法。以西部某段原油输送管道为例,研究了随机变量管道直径、壁厚、运行压力、运行温差的平均值与标准差对失效概率的影响,为油气管道的可靠性设计及风险评估提供一定的借鉴。

基于RVM-AFOSM模型的边坡可靠度分析

针对边坡稳定计算中的不确定性问题,提出基于相关向量机(RVM)的可靠度计算方法。模型利用RVM实现了对边坡安全系数的快速、准确估算,并推求模型导数,解决了传统计算的极限状态函数无法显式表达、难以求解导数的问题。随后,模型采用改进的一次二阶矩(AFOSM)进行可靠度计算,充分发挥其设计验算点位于失效面上的优势,使可靠度计算结果更加准确。对多层边坡实例的可靠度计算结果证明,RVM-AFOSM模型具有计算效率高、计算结果准确、简单易用等优势,因此基于该模型的边坡可靠度分析是可行的,具有良好的应用前景和工程价值。

The New Approximate Calculation Method for the First Order Reliability

The new method is presented for computing engineering structure reliability by direct searching the next checking point and accelerating convergence based on the analysis of errors in the center point method and borrowing ideas form the merits of the other First-Order Second Moment (FOSM) methods. The idea of the direct searching method is constructing a new explicit searching formula to make the new checking point being more closed to the failure surface based on the results of the center point method. The new checking point has steepest descent character because the searching path is the gradient of the approximate surface. An example shows that the method presented in this article has well precision. Although the direct searching formula may not reach the globally optimal point, the error can be controlled owing to the locally optimal plan at each searching step.

TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型及其检验

先进航空发动机燃烧室设计要求对湍流火焰精确控制,现有模拟方法需提高精度和效率。输运概率密度函数(TPDF)湍流燃烧模型精度高,代数二阶矩(ASOM)湍流燃烧模型计算成本低,类比离散涡模拟思想,基于Da数将湍流燃烧场区分“高精度”和“低成本”2个区域,在输运方程框架下采用随机场TPDF(高精度)和ASOM(低成本)方法重构TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,以提高模拟的整体精度和效率。在大涡模拟(LES)-TPDF程序平台创建ASOM并进一步实现TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,用Flame D实验数据检验所建模型和方法。结果表明:所建模型的预测结果与实验值接近,而且能够兼顾精度和计算效率。

基于光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法

针对阵列光束相干合成中存在的倾斜相差大的问题,提出了基于合成光束远场光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法。以合成光束远场光斑二阶矩作为评价函数,理论上模拟了采用随机并行梯度下降算法实现7路光束的倾斜闭环控制过程。实验上搭建了7路光纤激光相干合成系统,利用自适应光纤准直器对倾斜相差进行校正。以合成光束远场光斑的二阶矩作为评价函数,采用随机并行梯度下降算法,实现了7路光束的倾斜的闭环控制,合成光束模拟远场光斑的桶中功率由0.05 V提升至1.95 V。实验中将倾斜扰动的增益系数变为与二阶矩相关的函数,实现了自适应变增益系数的倾斜闭环,在一定程度上提升了倾斜控制的带宽。从理论上和实验上验证了基于光斑二阶矩的倾斜相差自适应控制方法在光束合成及合成孔径探测领域应用的可行性。

基于颜色二阶矩和直方图联合判定的镝铁中铁含量自动分析仪研制

镝铁合金中铁含量的检测方法通常以人工滴定为主,但这种方法存在耗时长、操作繁琐、人眼判断滴定终点差异性等问题。研制了一种以图像处理为基础的镝铁中铁含量自动分析仪,实现了样品前处理、滴定、终点判定等过程一体化与自动化,减少了人工操作。可同时进行五个样品实验,提高了滴定效率。采用CCD工业相机摄取溶液图像,实现化学反应过程中溶液颜色的自动化识别,运用颜色分量二阶矩阈值和像素点数量排除溶液颜色交替变化的干扰,并基于直方图对比得到相似度进行滴定终点的判定,能够有效、准确地实现化学反应过程中溶液颜色的自动化识别。使用参考值为19.47%~20.25%的镝铁合金样品进行测定,与手工滴定结果比对验证,精密度测量结果相对标准差在0.21%以内,准确度测量结果误差在0.15%以内,满足国家标准《镝铁合金化学分析方法第4部分:铁量的测定重铬酸钾容量法》(GB/T 26416.4-2010)的精度要求。

基于BP神经网络和一次二阶矩法的结构可靠度分析

工程结构的功能函数大多为隐式表达式,使得以功能函数的显式表达式为基础的可靠度计算方法难以应用。为此,基于BP神经网络法和一次二阶矩法,根据结构随机变量的统计特性进行随机抽样获取有限数量的样本点,计算出每组样本点下结构的响应值;然后,将其代入由结构响应容许值与实际响应值建立的功能函数中,得到每组样本点下结构的功能函数值;利用BP神经网络对功能函数进行拟合,得到其显式表达式之后,采用一次二阶矩法计算结构可靠度,提出了一种针对隐式功能函数的结构可靠度分析方法。本文方法可以将结构的隐式功能函数进行拟合,从而得到显式功能函数,并最终利用基于显式功能函数的可靠度算法来计算结构可靠度。算例分析表明,本文方法能正确计算结构的验算点和可靠指标,具有较高的计算精度,为功能函数无法显式表达的结构可靠度分析提供了一种可行的方法。

基于有限元的重力坝抗滑稳定静动力可靠度快速求解方法

重力坝的抗滑稳定是重力坝工程能够安全运行的关键,其抗滑稳定的可靠度研究是当前水利工程领域的重要研究课题.为了解决采用蒙特卡罗法求解可靠指标时计算效率低、采用响应面法时求解精度不高问题,本文提出一种基于有限元的改进一次二阶矩法进行重力坝抗滑稳定可靠度计算.首先,将坝基岩体抗剪断强度参数视为随机变量,定义功能函数为抗滑稳定极限平衡状态下阻滑力与滑动力的差值,在极限平衡状态条件下推导了功能函数中随机变量的偏导数;然后考虑地震荷载作用的随机性,采用基于全概率公式的数值拟合积分方法计算抗滑稳定静动力可靠指标并将此方法应用于某重力坝工程的抗滑稳定分析中.研究结果表明,该方法在保证计算精度的情况下具有更高的求解效率和收敛速度,故可为类似工程的抗滑稳定静动力可靠度分析提供方法借鉴.

基于有限元的边坡稳定可靠度改进一次二阶矩法研究

为研究岩质边坡岩体参数变化时的稳定性,提出一种基于有限元的边坡稳定可靠度改进一次二阶矩法。首先,针对边坡工程中广泛存在的隐式极限状态函数可靠性问题,定义极限状态函数为滑体极限状态下抗滑力与下滑力的差值,考虑黏聚力及内摩擦角作为随机变量并且服从独立正态分布,求出极限状态方程中随机变量的偏导数;然后,根据改进一次二阶矩法编写了求解边坡失稳概率和可靠指标的计算程序;最后,通过算例验证了所提方法的适用性。某库岸边坡可靠性分析结果表明,该方法具有计算流程简单、便于开展、节省机时、计算精度高的优点。

油封正态分布结构参数的可靠性灵敏度分析

以油封的泵吸率为可靠性指标,将理论接触宽度、油侧唇角、空气侧唇角、过盈量和腰厚5种结构参数作为因子,泵吸率作为响应输出,运用正交试验法对油封性能进行分析;运用曲面响应法拟合泵吸率的极限方程,基于可靠性原理建立油封泵吸率的可靠性模型,运用二阶矩法和蒙特卡洛2种方法进行可靠性敏感度计算,分析呈正态分布的随机参数对均值的灵敏度和标准差的灵敏度。结果表明:2种计算方法的结果基本一致,基于均值的敏感度,对可靠度影响最大的是理论接触宽度,油侧唇角、空气侧唇角和过盈量对可靠度为正面影响;基于标准差的敏感度,过盈量的标准差对可靠度影响最大,5种结构参数的标准差均对可靠度有负面影响。