A Study on Investment Structure of Fixed Assets and Regional Economic Growth

Nowadays,it has been in the period of rapidly developing China’s economy.Since the financial crisis in 2008,China has paid more and more attention to investing in fixed assets,and the growth rate of investing in fixed asset is also rising.However,when promoting regional economic growth,if we only pay attention to the total amount of fixed asset investment,there will inevitably exist some blindness and lack of sustainability.Therefore,the study between the investment structure of fixed assets and regional economic growth is quite important.China has a vast territory and many regions.The investment structure of fixed assets in different regions is also different,so the influence on economic growth is also different.This paper analyzes the investment structure of fixed assets and regional economic growth,and help realize the rapid growth of regional economy by recognizing the current situation of China's investment structure of fixed assets.

The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

A Structural Measurement of the Valuation Effect of China's External Assets:Method and Application

Existing research on the measurement of the valuation effect mainly follows the residual method proposed by Lane and Milesi-Ferretti(2001).This cannot be used to perform structural decomposition.We propose an aggregation approach rather than the residual method to measure structurally the investment flow and valuation effect of China's external assets.The results indicate that the valuation effect of China's external assets has been highly volatile and it was negative during the pandemic period.The structural decomposition shows that portfolio investment and direct investment made the main contributions to the valuation effect.The impact of exchange rates on the valuation effect has generally been higher than that of asset price in terms of direct investment and total external assets but the opposite has been true for portfolio investment.China's outward investments are currently more inclined to Asian countries and a few European countries but inflows to China still mainly come from developed countries.

An Empirical Study of the Relationship between the Fixed Assets Investment and Urban-rural Income Gap during the Transition Period

As the gap in income between urban and rural residents bigger and bigger,based on the data from 1978 to 2007,this paper makes an empirical study of the dynamic relation between the fixed assets investment and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. The outcome from the study indicates a long-term balance exists between the investment rate of the fixed assets and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. A short-term deviation from the balance can be adjusted through long time. To a certain extent,city-oriented fixed assets investment policy is the main cause of the big gap in income between urban and rural residents. The big gap in income between urban and rural residents in turn reinforces their social status,thus further strengthening the city-oriented instead of countryside-oriented fixed assets investment policy. Based on that,this paper puts forward some suggestions on adjusting the fixed assets investment policy so as to shorten the difference in income between urban and rural residents and realize the goal of harmonious development between city and countryside.

非国有董事治理积极性与国有企业审计意见决策

如何发挥非国有董事治理积极性以提高国有企业审计意见质量,实现国有资产保值增值,是深化国有企业改革亟需研究的问题。以2013—2022年A股国有企业上市公司为样本,构建离散选择模型,以投非赞成票代理非国有董事治理积极性。研究发现,非国有董事治理积极性越高,越能够提示应计盈余管理风险,审计师越倾向出具非标准审计意见;第一大非国有股东持股比例越高,混改国有企业股权集中度越低,非国有董事治理积极性与审计意见谨慎性的关系越显著。经过稳健性检验,研究结论不变。进一步研究发现,非国有董事积极履行治理职能导致审计意见质量提高有利于混改国有企业资产保值增值,实现国有企业混改主要目标。研究结论对于国有企业审计师正确决策审计意见、非国有董事有效维权、政府监管部门和混改国有企业充分尊重非国有董事治理的积极性、实现国有企业改革目标,均具有启示意义。

数字普惠金融对商业银行信用风险的影响——基于存款和贷款结构的联合视角

目前国际和国内的金融经济基本面发生了重大变化,数字普惠金融已经成为影响商业银行信用风险的重要因素。从数字普惠金融角度,基于存款和贷款结构的联合视角,选取2011—2021年中国52家上市商业银行的年度数据,考察了数字普惠金融对于商业银行信用风险的影响及其作用。研究结果表明:数字普惠金融会削弱商业银行的中介职能,进而显著增加商业银行的信用风险,且在股权和产业结构下存在异质性特征;数字普惠金融会恶化商业银行存款和贷款结构,从而增大商业银行信用风险;数字普惠金融对于商业银行信用风险的提升作用会随着商业银行数字化转型程度的提高而减弱。因此,金融监管部门应当全面监管金融活动,鼓励商业银行进行数字化转型和差异化信用风险管理,以期推动商业银行健康发展。

乡村自然资源资产管理中的产权结构模式研究——基于福建的案例分析

产权结构是乡村自然资源管理中的重要内容,对乡村自然资源管理体系的构建具有重要意义。文章选取了福建省4个代表性村庄进行了深入调研,分析了我国乡村自然资源资产管理中的产权组织问题。研究认为:我国乡村资源的产权转化过程分为股权量化、经营权流转与收益权共享3个阶段;产权的组织结构可分为3种模式“:开放性”“封闭性”与“半开放性”,模式的形成受到区位的引力作用、资源禀赋的导向作用和治理基础的约束作用3个方面要素的影响。文章认为对资源禀赋较强的乡村在制度设计上应更为关注村民的主体地位,而对资源禀赋较弱的乡村,如何吸引优质资本投入与生态资源价值实现应成为政策关注的重点。

数字金融、企业投资行为与就业技能结构升级

实现更充分和更高质量就业关系着民生问题,也关系着共同富裕目标的实现。文章使用2011至2019年非金融类上市企业样本探讨了数字金融对企业投资行为和就业技能结构的影响,并进一步剖析了投资行为在“数字金融—就业技能结构升级”中发挥的作用。研究发现,数字金融发展推动了就业技能结构升级。机制检验结果表明,数字金融发展显著提升了高技能劳动力雇佣规模,研发投资对劳动力雇佣存在“扩容提质”效应,固定资产投资的劳动力雇佣“扩容”效应主要通过提高低技能劳动力雇佣规模实现。此外,数字金融、企业投资行为对就业技能结构升级的影响因劳动者保护制度存在异质性。由此,引导企业“脱虚向实”是“稳就业”的重要抓手,缓解大学生就业困境的关键在于激励企业研发创新。

论数据权益客体中的基本范畴

对数据权益客体的识别是数据确权的前提,也是数据产权制度建构中不能回避的基础性问题。对“数据”“数据资源”“数据产品”及“数据集合”等数据权益客体中的基本范畴进行严谨界定,意义重大。作为数据权益客体的数据仅针对电子数据,指向其中的数据符号层。数据资源是指可作为生产资料投入生产之中形成数据产品的数据的总称。数据产品是指原始数据经实质性加工形成的衍生数据以及数据衍生产品,属于数据资源。原始数据产权激励“数据收集劳动”,而数据产品产权激励“数据加工劳动”。数据集合符合实质性加工要件时成为数据产品。数据服务不属于数据产品,应当区分两者并为其建构不同的法律规则。数据商品和数据资产的形成本身并不经过劳动,因而并非数据权益客体。

Performance Evaluation of Low-Carbon and Clean Transformation of China’s Coal Economy

In China,the oversupply of coal occurred in 2009,and from that year onwards,China’s coal economy began a low-carbon and clean transformation.Evaluating transformation performance is the research goal of this paper.The data collection for this paper includes data on deep processing of Chinese coal products from 2009 to 2020,as well as data on asset structure evolution and financial performance of 34 listed companies in the Chinese coal mining.Entropy value method is used to calculate the entropy value of low-carbon transformation,and the regression analysis is used to study the performance of cleaner transformation,the conclusion is as follows:(1)From 2009 to 2020,in China’s total energy consumption,coal consumption accounted for 71.6%in 2009 and 56.8%in 2020,the goals set by the state have been achieved.(2)The national goal of reducing the proportion of coal consumption and reducing carbon emissions has forced the transformation of deep processing of coal products.The transformation of coal enterprises towards low-carbon and clean production has achieved remarkable results.(3)From 2009 to 2020,the non coal industry income of 34 listed companies in China’s coal mining industry increased by 8.21%annually.At the same time,the asset structure was adjusted,and nearly 80%of the asset structure evolution showed an orderly development trend.(4)The regression analysis results show that the entropy value of coal deep processing products and the entropy value of asset structure adjustment are significantly related to transformation performance.The paper proposes to summarize the successful experience of China’s coal energy economic transformation,lay a foundation for achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutral goals in the future,further increase the intensity of coal deep processing,increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption,and strive to control asset operation towards the goal of increasing the proportion of non coal industry income.

城镇职工基本医疗保险与城镇职工资产结构动态演进

家庭作为社会经济活动的基本单位,其收入、消费以及资产配置行为会对社会经济活动产生深远影响,因此社会医疗保险如何影响家庭资产结构就成为值得关注的问题。本文首先基于生命周期理论建立包含健康风险与健康保险的理论模型,研究工作阶段与退休阶段健康风险以及城职保对个体收入序列、消费序列及资产序列的影响,并进行数值模拟,研究发现损失概率、损失程度、免赔率以及城职保运行成本会降低个体收入和消费,增加工作阶段资产并降低退休阶段资产;企业承担比例会促进收入、消费增加,降低工作阶段资产并增加退休阶段资产。其次,运用2015—2019年的CHFS数据进行检验,基准回归证实了健康风险会降低家庭的收入、消费,提高工作阶段资产水平并降低退休阶段资产水平,城职保则会对收入和消费的下降进行弥补,但会降低工作阶段资产水平并提高退休阶段资产水平,上述关系会伴随时间发生变化,但总体影响方向不变。联立方程回归则发现家庭当期资产与当期收入呈现正相关,与当期消费负相关,从而健康风险与城职保可以促进家庭资产结构的动态演进。最后,本文提出要促进基本医疗保险进一步整合,进一步完善基本医疗保险的保障规范,可以对不同的参保人群设置有针对性的保障措施。

联盟组合多样性对企业持续创新的影响

基于联盟组合多样性构成视角,探讨联盟组合中“伙伴—功能—治理”多样性对企业持续创新的影响,以及结构洞、互补资产对二者关系的调节作用,并利用2013—2017年101家中国深市创业板上市公司面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明:伙伴多样性、功能多样性和治理多样性对企业持续创新具有不同程度的影响;互补资产正向调节功能多样性与持续创新的关系,对“治理多样性—持续创新”关系发挥负向调节作用;结构洞负向调节功能多样性与持续创新的关系,对“治理多样性—持续创新”关系发挥正向调节作用。

资产结构错配、激励机制与企业双元创新

企业高质量发展需要高质量的资产结构配置,高质量的资产结构配置是企业创新驱动的基石。然而,当前许多企业资产结构错配严重制约企业技术创新。本文基于2010-2020年中国A股上市公司数据,考察企业资产结构错配对企业双元创新的影响及激励机制的调节效应。研究发现:资产结构错配显著抑制了企业的探索式创新,对开发式创新的负向影响不显著。上述结论在经过一系列内生性处理与稳健性检验后依然成立。调节效应显示:高管股权激励缓解了资产结构错配对探索式创新的抑制作用,高管晋升激励和高管薪酬激励则加剧了两者之间的抑制作用;高管薪酬激励和研发薪酬激励缓解了资产结构错配对开发式创新的负向影响,高管晋升激励则加剧了两者之间的负向影响。进一步研究表明,资产结构错配促进了平衡式双元创新,抑制了组合式双元创新。资产结构错配对制造业、专精特新、重资产和低研发强度企业探索式创新的抑制作用更大,对非制造业、非专精特新企业、国有企业及轻资产企业开发式创新的影响更明显。研究结论为有效化解资产结构错配、优化企业激励机制、提升企业双元创新水平提供了经验证据。

财富、负资产构造与家庭投资困境分析

家庭财富构造包括正财富构造、负财富构造、0财富构造。负财富构造的表现形式是家庭负资产构造。家庭的幸福指数公式可用家庭财富构造值和计算式焦虑这两个因子来度量。家庭负资产构造与计算式焦虑以及资产收益率密切相关,家庭负资产构造导致家庭消费下降并带来连锁负效应,计算式焦虑视角下的投资观更适用于普通家庭投资者,计算式焦虑与家庭财富构造的优化组合更能缓解家庭投资困境。

国家审计对低碳转型发展的影响研究——来自领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点的证据

低碳转型发展是实现“双碳”目标的必由之路。为探索国家审计推动低碳转型的作用路径,采用283个地级市面板数据为样本,构建多时点双重差分模型,检验领导干部自然资源资产离任审计试点对低碳转型发展的影响。研究发现:审计试点可通过推动产业结构升级、降低煤炭能源消费占比、促进绿色技术进步、保护林草资源等途径助力低碳转型。进一步分析发现,审计试点对低碳转型发展的影响存在空间外溢效应,且在政府审计独立性较高的地区、审计机关负责人具有监督背景的地区、低碳政策实施地区以及对自然资源依赖程度较高的地区,审计试点推动低碳转型的作用更加显著。研究结论有助于“双碳”目标下领导干部自然资源资产离任审计评价标准的构建,也为国家审计推动中国经济低碳转型发展提供必要的经验支持与政策注脚。

我国固定资产投资演变特征、基本经验和发展建议

改革开放以来特别是党的十八大以来,固定资产投资为优化供给结构、推动经济平稳发展提供了有力支撑,在扩大内需战略实施过程中发挥了关键作用。近年来,我国固定资产投资规模持续上升,但增长率不断下滑,投资的产业结构、区域结构、主体结构和投资效率发生了重大转变,如何进一步优化国内市场供给结构,释放国内市场需求,更好地发挥投资的关键作用,助力扩大内需战略,是下一个时期投资发展的重要方向。本文在深入分析改革开放以来固定资产投资总量、结构和效率的演变特征的基础上,阐释了我国固定资产投资在投资总量、产业结构、区域结构和主体结构方面的基本经验,探讨了相应的优化策略,为我国固定资产投资更好服务扩大内需战略提供发展建议。

Evolution of China's Financial Asset Mix from 1991 to 2007

In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial reform,has the financial assets structure been improved?Can the existing financial assets structure accommodate the development of Chinese economy?This paper tries to answer the above questions by reanalyzing the current financial structure in China.It is found that the financial asset structure of China has experienced obvious improvement.Meanwhile the new structure has brought some new problems which ought to be resolved by further improvement of monetary market and capital market.In the coming ten years,the optimal path for the development of China’s financial market is through twoway opening.