In the context of economic downward and industrial structural adjustment,cultural level of entrepreneurs exerts direct influence on entrepreneurial results,while reading behavior of entrepreneurs is closed connected w...In the context of economic downward and industrial structural adjustment,cultural level of entrepreneurs exerts direct influence on entrepreneurial results,while reading behavior of entrepreneurs is closed connected with cultural level of entrepreneurs. Therefore,it is of utmost importance to analyze the relation between reading behavior and entrepreneurial performance. Based on the survey data of 200 enterprises in one- hour economic circle of Chongqing,this paper analyzed three dimensions of reading behavior of entrepreneurs: reading subjects,reading media,and reading environment. It analyzed the relation between these three indicators and entrepreneurial performance. It further divided entrepreneurial performance into survival performance and financial performance. Finally,it came up with following conclusions:( i) good reading exerts significantly positive effect on survival performance of entrepreneurial enterprises;( ii) suitable reading environment plays a positive role in financial performance of entrepreneurial enterprises.展开更多
In the context of alienation of cooperative development in China,the concept of cooperative entrepreneurs' ability was expounded based on the theory of entrepreneurial competence,and then factors restricting the d...In the context of alienation of cooperative development in China,the concept of cooperative entrepreneurs' ability was expounded based on the theory of entrepreneurial competence,and then factors restricting the development of cooperative entrepreneurs' ability in China were analyzed. Finally,some countermeasures were put forward.展开更多
This aim of this study is to provide both theoretical and empirical insights on entrepreneurs’ motives and commitments in the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria, using simple descriptive statistics and compl...This aim of this study is to provide both theoretical and empirical insights on entrepreneurs’ motives and commitments in the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria, using simple descriptive statistics and complemented with interviews. The study adopted an exploratory research methodology to explore the phenomena of motives and commitment, using descriptive statistics, particularly mea, and standard deviation to present the extent of occurrences in the study subject. The study is based on a sample of 120 entrepreneurs who are owners of small restaurants in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The results show that entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry are mostly motivated by family related factors such as family tradition, family situation, family line of business, and family prestige. Societal factors are more prominent in the list than both personal and income, financial considerations. The least considered factor that motivates a business start-up is finance or income. The results also suggest that although, entrepreneurs are highly committed to starting and growing their own businesses and are willing to do anything that will help achieve this objective including significant personal sacrifices, they are however, not willing to compromise their family lives.展开更多
People pay much more attention on females who start their own business in the past two decades. One reason is that the notion of gender equality is brought into practice, therefore, starting a business is no longer fo...People pay much more attention on females who start their own business in the past two decades. One reason is that the notion of gender equality is brought into practice, therefore, starting a business is no longer for male only. Another reason is that female entrepreneurs can also improve their social status and drive the economy by starting their own enterprises. The purpose of microfinanee programs is to encourage women to start an enterprise. Moreover, women can get financial sustainability, poverty alleviation, and more female empowerment through their business. The research applies the conception of microfinance programs to discuss if 10 Hakka female entrepreneurs can achieve the effect of empowerment through the promotion of economic ability. Furthermore, the research focuses on Hakka female entrepreneurs in Miaoli area, and probes into entrepreneurial situations and difficulties in order to find out what can be empowered for expanding their business.展开更多
The first-time mother often uses the consumption process to overcome the disparity between her old and her new role and being viewed as the ideal mother in the public consciousness. Research shows that buying the righ...The first-time mother often uses the consumption process to overcome the disparity between her old and her new role and being viewed as the ideal mother in the public consciousness. Research shows that buying the right clothes and the right fashion is symbolic consumption often related to demographic variables like age or income, and to other relevant factors including personality traits and price perception. Becoming a mother for the first time is one of, if not ＂the＂, most significant transition in the women＇s life expressed in physical, emotional, psychological, and mental changes the pregnant and post-pregnant mother experiences. Therefore, offering a new approach to the marketers will help associate them to better identify and fulfill the women＇s new needs. This article attempts to illustrate ways to penetrate the new mother＇s world and behavior. Based on popular research it appears that new mothers often use fashion clothes for their first baby to activate self-esteem, as well as for prestige sensitivity [1]. Over the last decade online consumption has increased significantly both globally as well as in Israel. More new mothers axe using the internet to compare and order goods This increasing and changing trend leads the authors to examine similarity or differences in the fashion involvement of the new mother. Using a focus group embracing eight first-time mothers, with their first newborn aged up to 15 months, the authors suggest that even though the online consumption in Israel is increasing rapidly, new mothers axe still likely to buy using traditional stores. These findings indicate that the new mother is not using the internet as a purchasing channel, but is likely to collate information through the web while preferring to do her shopping face to face. The data consider that lack of time and high involvement in baby＇s clothes are the main reasons for not using online consumption. The research also advises the marketers to use the web only as a source of information and recommendation for the new mother, based on the fact that she needs a role model for her behavior in her new position.展开更多
In Indonesia, open unemployment until August 2011 was 7,700,086. Although this number has decreased compared with the number of unemployed in February 2011, which is 8,117,631, but the decline is not very significant....In Indonesia, open unemployment until August 2011 was 7,700,086. Although this number has decreased compared with the number of unemployed in February 2011, which is 8,117,631, but the decline is not very significant. Unemployment occurs because labor forces are not absorbed into employment. One way to reduce unemployment is to open their own employment or become entrepreneurs. In fact, the government of Indonesia has made some efforts to the growth of new entrepreneurs, for example, by providing funding for student entrepreneurship program to a number of universities in Indonesia. However, efforts by the government are useless if there is no intention in the individual itself, and there are five factors driving intention in entrepreneurship, which invest, creativity, market opportunity, autonomy, status. Meanwhile, some researchers have conducted research about factor which driving the entrepreneurial intention. The result of that research shows that the most encouraging factor is the creativity. However, creativity must be managed properly in order to give optimal results This article wants to analyze the management of creativity among entrepreneurs in order to give optimal results. The research was conducted among young entrepreneurs, which are still a college student or had graduated from college. The total informants for this research are five informants from three private universities/colleges. This research used interview to collect data. This study attempted to process qualitative data obtained from interviews with young entrepreneurs. The result of this research is all of the respondents use some techniques to maintain and enhance creativity, such as ＂allow you to creative＂, ＂think out of the box＂, and ＂be persistent＂. From the findings of this study, it also can be seen that the young entrepreneurs are able to overcome the barriers to creativity, ＂believing that I am not creative＇展开更多
IN November 2017,I and a group of more than 20 other African entrepreneurs flew into Shanghai as guests of Alibaba,the global e-commerce company based in China.We were the first batch of applicants for the Alibaba eFo...IN November 2017,I and a group of more than 20 other African entrepreneurs flew into Shanghai as guests of Alibaba,the global e-commerce company based in China.We were the first batch of applicants for the Alibaba eFounders Fellowship,a program designed by Alibaba to promote e-commerce around the world by exposing entrepreneurs to Alibaba’s extensive knowledge and experience with e-commerce in China.展开更多
Entrepreneurs are facing pressures related to sustainability, quality assurance, and the ability to meet client expectations. Such pressures require effective leadership to lead, change, and improve enterprise perform...Entrepreneurs are facing pressures related to sustainability, quality assurance, and the ability to meet client expectations. Such pressures require effective leadership to lead, change, and improve enterprise performance in order to meet the demand for current and future business. Many of the new changes that are occurring in business today are transformational. They are driven by the environment and client need. The entrepreneur may not know the exact outcome at first, because it emerges throughout the process. It requires a fundamental change in their mindset and organizational culture, and requires continual course corrections to the change process. This research was conducted to help the aspiring entrepreneurs to develop and improve their leadership style. One hundred and fifty successful Bicolano entrepreneurs were surveyed and interviewed about their actual leadership styles and practices and this was the basis for developing a leadership program for aspiring or future entrepreneurs. Transformational leadership was the leadership style fairly often use of the successful entrepreneurs and this is characterized as being optimist about future of their business, enthusiastic about what needs to be accomplished, articulate a compelling vision of the future and expresses confidence that goals will be achieved.展开更多
This research was conducted to identify the emerging leadership style being practiced by successful entrepreneurs and the leadership behavior they frequently applied. Since, leadership style and behavior has a huge in...This research was conducted to identify the emerging leadership style being practiced by successful entrepreneurs and the leadership behavior they frequently applied. Since, leadership style and behavior has a huge influence to the success of the entrepreneur＇s enterprise. One hundred and fifty （150） successful entrepreneurs was the respondent of this study and they were survey and interviewed about their actual leadership style and practices. The research design was qualitative-descriptive type of research with the use of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X （MLQ 5X） as the survey instrument to collect data regarding leadership styles of successful entrepreneurs. An interview guide questions was likewise utilized for validating the result of the study. An in-depth semi-structured interview was also conducted to 30 entrepreneurs from the 150 respondents. Findings of the study revealed that a successful entrepreneur exhibits a noticeably higher inclination toward transformational leadership and they consistently rated themselves higher in inspirational motivation for their leadership behavior. Therefore, the emerging leadership style of successful entrepreneurs is the transformational leadership and the leadership behavior that they frequently use is the inspirational motivation. Furthermore, the aimed of this study is to explore practices of transformational leadership behavior of successful entrepreneurs from entrepreneur＇s perspective.展开更多
O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitio...O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitionHunter poaching bears the brunt to become the most severe challenge for O2O entrepreneurs.展开更多
A pizza vending machine takes convenience food to a whole new level,delivering fresh pies to customers in just three minutes 24/7.The Let’s Pizza unit invented by Claudio Torghele,an entrepreneur from Rovereto,Italy,...A pizza vending machine takes convenience food to a whole new level,delivering fresh pies to customers in just three minutes 24/7.The Let’s Pizza unit invented by Claudio Torghele,an entrepreneur from Rovereto,Italy,mixes flour and water together and presses the dough flat to create a 10.5 inch base.Desired toppings(浇头,馅料)are then added and the meal is flash-cooked in a high temperature infrared oven at 380 degrees Celsius.While the baking process is underway,a takeaway box is prepared.展开更多
This paper describes an academic study into the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom.Here we are concerned with the dimensions of wealth in terms of its measurement.The methodology used ...This paper describes an academic study into the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom.Here we are concerned with the dimensions of wealth in terms of its measurement.The methodology used involved three stages to determine the nature of the wealth involved.Initial sources(predominantly literature)and further sources(mainly business information)were considered in stage one to understand the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs.Analysis and synthesis of data undertaken in stage two determined the net wealth for technology entrepreneurs in different areas of activity.The nature and importance of the measurement of the wealth of technology entrepreneurs were examined in stage three to formulate conclusions.The research question investigated“what is the average net wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom?”The contribution of the study is to bring together findings of the research in terms of the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs.展开更多
Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the popul...Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the population, thus, they are vital for the economy of Hong Kong. This research looks into and studies this phenomenon to evaluate the various components of the success of these entrepreneurs and to draw conclusions that will benefit the educators, the legislators as well as the new entrants who wish to become entrepreneurs. By interviewing Hong Kong entrepreneurs, it has been found that the main source of entrepreneurial success in Hong Kong is of very complex origin. The Hong Kong＇s entrepreneurs seem to succeed, when they are able to blend the best qualities of the East and the West. Based on the research outcomes, the perceptions, achievements, strategies, and traits （PAST） model has been developed to assist Hong Kong entrepreneurs in the future.展开更多
Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the w...Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the women are embedded through means of qualitative study.This reveals so many clarifications to the existence themes.Still the Pakistani entrepreneurial literature neglecting the women entrepreneur life course experiences due to social-cultural context of Pakistan.The present study focused on the ten Pakistani women entrepreneur from Islamabad and Peshawar region by the lens of life course approach through semistructured interview.The qualitative analysis of the life course approach among Pakistani women entrepreneur exposed some additional factor to life course approach and contrary findings as compared to the developed countries.The Pakistani women’s rich stories are affected through life course approach but the socialcultural context made it little worst means bringing into business with less flexible approach.展开更多
文摘In the context of economic downward and industrial structural adjustment,cultural level of entrepreneurs exerts direct influence on entrepreneurial results,while reading behavior of entrepreneurs is closed connected with cultural level of entrepreneurs. Therefore,it is of utmost importance to analyze the relation between reading behavior and entrepreneurial performance. Based on the survey data of 200 enterprises in one- hour economic circle of Chongqing,this paper analyzed three dimensions of reading behavior of entrepreneurs: reading subjects,reading media,and reading environment. It analyzed the relation between these three indicators and entrepreneurial performance. It further divided entrepreneurial performance into survival performance and financial performance. Finally,it came up with following conclusions:( i) good reading exerts significantly positive effect on survival performance of entrepreneurial enterprises;( ii) suitable reading environment plays a positive role in financial performance of entrepreneurial enterprises.
文摘In the context of alienation of cooperative development in China,the concept of cooperative entrepreneurs' ability was expounded based on the theory of entrepreneurial competence,and then factors restricting the development of cooperative entrepreneurs' ability in China were analyzed. Finally,some countermeasures were put forward.
文摘This aim of this study is to provide both theoretical and empirical insights on entrepreneurs’ motives and commitments in the hospitality and tourism industry in Nigeria, using simple descriptive statistics and complemented with interviews. The study adopted an exploratory research methodology to explore the phenomena of motives and commitment, using descriptive statistics, particularly mea, and standard deviation to present the extent of occurrences in the study subject. The study is based on a sample of 120 entrepreneurs who are owners of small restaurants in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The results show that entrepreneurs in the hospitality industry are mostly motivated by family related factors such as family tradition, family situation, family line of business, and family prestige. Societal factors are more prominent in the list than both personal and income, financial considerations. The least considered factor that motivates a business start-up is finance or income. The results also suggest that although, entrepreneurs are highly committed to starting and growing their own businesses and are willing to do anything that will help achieve this objective including significant personal sacrifices, they are however, not willing to compromise their family lives.
文摘People pay much more attention on females who start their own business in the past two decades. One reason is that the notion of gender equality is brought into practice, therefore, starting a business is no longer for male only. Another reason is that female entrepreneurs can also improve their social status and drive the economy by starting their own enterprises. The purpose of microfinanee programs is to encourage women to start an enterprise. Moreover, women can get financial sustainability, poverty alleviation, and more female empowerment through their business. The research applies the conception of microfinance programs to discuss if 10 Hakka female entrepreneurs can achieve the effect of empowerment through the promotion of economic ability. Furthermore, the research focuses on Hakka female entrepreneurs in Miaoli area, and probes into entrepreneurial situations and difficulties in order to find out what can be empowered for expanding their business.
文摘The first-time mother often uses the consumption process to overcome the disparity between her old and her new role and being viewed as the ideal mother in the public consciousness. Research shows that buying the right clothes and the right fashion is symbolic consumption often related to demographic variables like age or income, and to other relevant factors including personality traits and price perception. Becoming a mother for the first time is one of, if not ＂the＂, most significant transition in the women＇s life expressed in physical, emotional, psychological, and mental changes the pregnant and post-pregnant mother experiences. Therefore, offering a new approach to the marketers will help associate them to better identify and fulfill the women＇s new needs. This article attempts to illustrate ways to penetrate the new mother＇s world and behavior. Based on popular research it appears that new mothers often use fashion clothes for their first baby to activate self-esteem, as well as for prestige sensitivity [1]. Over the last decade online consumption has increased significantly both globally as well as in Israel. More new mothers axe using the internet to compare and order goods This increasing and changing trend leads the authors to examine similarity or differences in the fashion involvement of the new mother. Using a focus group embracing eight first-time mothers, with their first newborn aged up to 15 months, the authors suggest that even though the online consumption in Israel is increasing rapidly, new mothers axe still likely to buy using traditional stores. These findings indicate that the new mother is not using the internet as a purchasing channel, but is likely to collate information through the web while preferring to do her shopping face to face. The data consider that lack of time and high involvement in baby＇s clothes are the main reasons for not using online consumption. The research also advises the marketers to use the web only as a source of information and recommendation for the new mother, based on the fact that she needs a role model for her behavior in her new position.
文摘In Indonesia, open unemployment until August 2011 was 7,700,086. Although this number has decreased compared with the number of unemployed in February 2011, which is 8,117,631, but the decline is not very significant. Unemployment occurs because labor forces are not absorbed into employment. One way to reduce unemployment is to open their own employment or become entrepreneurs. In fact, the government of Indonesia has made some efforts to the growth of new entrepreneurs, for example, by providing funding for student entrepreneurship program to a number of universities in Indonesia. However, efforts by the government are useless if there is no intention in the individual itself, and there are five factors driving intention in entrepreneurship, which invest, creativity, market opportunity, autonomy, status. Meanwhile, some researchers have conducted research about factor which driving the entrepreneurial intention. The result of that research shows that the most encouraging factor is the creativity. However, creativity must be managed properly in order to give optimal results This article wants to analyze the management of creativity among entrepreneurs in order to give optimal results. The research was conducted among young entrepreneurs, which are still a college student or had graduated from college. The total informants for this research are five informants from three private universities/colleges. This research used interview to collect data. This study attempted to process qualitative data obtained from interviews with young entrepreneurs. The result of this research is all of the respondents use some techniques to maintain and enhance creativity, such as ＂allow you to creative＂, ＂think out of the box＂, and ＂be persistent＂. From the findings of this study, it also can be seen that the young entrepreneurs are able to overcome the barriers to creativity, ＂believing that I am not creative＇
文摘IN November 2017,I and a group of more than 20 other African entrepreneurs flew into Shanghai as guests of Alibaba,the global e-commerce company based in China.We were the first batch of applicants for the Alibaba eFounders Fellowship,a program designed by Alibaba to promote e-commerce around the world by exposing entrepreneurs to Alibaba’s extensive knowledge and experience with e-commerce in China.
文摘Entrepreneurs are facing pressures related to sustainability, quality assurance, and the ability to meet client expectations. Such pressures require effective leadership to lead, change, and improve enterprise performance in order to meet the demand for current and future business. Many of the new changes that are occurring in business today are transformational. They are driven by the environment and client need. The entrepreneur may not know the exact outcome at first, because it emerges throughout the process. It requires a fundamental change in their mindset and organizational culture, and requires continual course corrections to the change process. This research was conducted to help the aspiring entrepreneurs to develop and improve their leadership style. One hundred and fifty successful Bicolano entrepreneurs were surveyed and interviewed about their actual leadership styles and practices and this was the basis for developing a leadership program for aspiring or future entrepreneurs. Transformational leadership was the leadership style fairly often use of the successful entrepreneurs and this is characterized as being optimist about future of their business, enthusiastic about what needs to be accomplished, articulate a compelling vision of the future and expresses confidence that goals will be achieved.
文摘This research was conducted to identify the emerging leadership style being practiced by successful entrepreneurs and the leadership behavior they frequently applied. Since, leadership style and behavior has a huge influence to the success of the entrepreneur＇s enterprise. One hundred and fifty （150） successful entrepreneurs was the respondent of this study and they were survey and interviewed about their actual leadership style and practices. The research design was qualitative-descriptive type of research with the use of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X （MLQ 5X） as the survey instrument to collect data regarding leadership styles of successful entrepreneurs. An interview guide questions was likewise utilized for validating the result of the study. An in-depth semi-structured interview was also conducted to 30 entrepreneurs from the 150 respondents. Findings of the study revealed that a successful entrepreneur exhibits a noticeably higher inclination toward transformational leadership and they consistently rated themselves higher in inspirational motivation for their leadership behavior. Therefore, the emerging leadership style of successful entrepreneurs is the transformational leadership and the leadership behavior that they frequently use is the inspirational motivation. Furthermore, the aimed of this study is to explore practices of transformational leadership behavior of successful entrepreneurs from entrepreneur＇s perspective.
文摘O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitionHunter poaching bears the brunt to become the most severe challenge for O2O entrepreneurs.
文摘A pizza vending machine takes convenience food to a whole new level,delivering fresh pies to customers in just three minutes 24/7.The Let’s Pizza unit invented by Claudio Torghele,an entrepreneur from Rovereto,Italy,mixes flour and water together and presses the dough flat to create a 10.5 inch base.Desired toppings(浇头,馅料)are then added and the meal is flash-cooked in a high temperature infrared oven at 380 degrees Celsius.While the baking process is underway,a takeaway box is prepared.
文摘This paper describes an academic study into the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom.Here we are concerned with the dimensions of wealth in terms of its measurement.The methodology used involved three stages to determine the nature of the wealth involved.Initial sources(predominantly literature)and further sources(mainly business information)were considered in stage one to understand the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs.Analysis and synthesis of data undertaken in stage two determined the net wealth for technology entrepreneurs in different areas of activity.The nature and importance of the measurement of the wealth of technology entrepreneurs were examined in stage three to formulate conclusions.The research question investigated“what is the average net wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom?”The contribution of the study is to bring together findings of the research in terms of the measurement of the wealth of successful technology entrepreneurs.
文摘Entrepreneurs have a unique status in Hong Kong, who are seen as world leaders in building and developing its economy. These entrepreneurs constitute a majority of businesses and employ a significant part of the population, thus, they are vital for the economy of Hong Kong. This research looks into and studies this phenomenon to evaluate the various components of the success of these entrepreneurs and to draw conclusions that will benefit the educators, the legislators as well as the new entrants who wish to become entrepreneurs. By interviewing Hong Kong entrepreneurs, it has been found that the main source of entrepreneurial success in Hong Kong is of very complex origin. The Hong Kong＇s entrepreneurs seem to succeed, when they are able to blend the best qualities of the East and the West. Based on the research outcomes, the perceptions, achievements, strategies, and traits （PAST） model has been developed to assist Hong Kong entrepreneurs in the future.
文摘Recently women entrepreneur literature in developed countries has been assessed through their life course approach due to the criticism on the absence of study from the perspective of structural pattern,in which the women are embedded through means of qualitative study.This reveals so many clarifications to the existence themes.Still the Pakistani entrepreneurial literature neglecting the women entrepreneur life course experiences due to social-cultural context of Pakistan.The present study focused on the ten Pakistani women entrepreneur from Islamabad and Peshawar region by the lens of life course approach through semistructured interview.The qualitative analysis of the life course approach among Pakistani women entrepreneur exposed some additional factor to life course approach and contrary findings as compared to the developed countries.The Pakistani women’s rich stories are affected through life course approach but the socialcultural context made it little worst means bringing into business with less flexible approach.
