Mauritania is characterized by fast-growing fisheries that have developed over the past several decades from low levels of fishing to intense fishing and have led to severe decreases in biomass and severe signs of ove...Mauritania is characterized by fast-growing fisheries that have developed over the past several decades from low levels of fishing to intense fishing and have led to severe decreases in biomass and severe signs of overexploitation.To ensure sustainable fisheries,a primary goal of science-based fisheries policy is to provide an adequate conservation status of marine habitats that are directly,or indirectly,fundamental for the lifecycle of fish populations of commercial interest.The National Park of Banc d’Arguin has been recognized for its nursery and fish biomass export functions.In this paper,we present the economic value of the fish provisioning service of marine coastal ecosystems of the protected area.We estimated the added value of artisanal fisheries,the spatial distribution of fishing activities,the contribution of the Park to the Mauritanian fisheries and the heritage value of artisanal fisheries.Overall,the average added value for artisanal fisheries is about 43 million MRU(1 million euros)over the period 2006–2017.It mainly benefits to the ship-owners,which generates inequalities and threatens the livelihoods of the Imraguen.The spatial distribution of fishing activities and associated revenues shows high variability throughout the years,the seasons and the geographic areas,and reveals the high adaptability of Imraguen fishers.Fishing grounds are mostly located close to the shore,associated with seagrass beds,confirming the service of fish provisioning rendered by this ecosystem.Furthermore,the high productivity of seagrass beds contributes to the spill-over of biomass.The contribution of the Park to fishing activities that occur within the Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone is estimated to 15%,representing an added value creation of 3.2 billion MRU(71 million euros).The heritage value of the fisheries is assessed,through fishers’willingness to accept to stop their fishing activities,at 17.5 million MRU(0.4 million euros).Thus,this paper highlights the necessity of incorporating an ecosystem-based approach along with fishers’knowledge and adaptability into future conservation plan of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin and fisheries management at the local,national and regional scale.展开更多
Marine Protected Areas(MPAs)have long been recognized to be effective tools for spatial management,conservation of biodiversity and fisheries enhancement(Rodríguez-Rodríguez,2016;Claudet et al.,2020),leading...Marine Protected Areas(MPAs)have long been recognized to be effective tools for spatial management,conservation of biodiversity and fisheries enhancement(Rodríguez-Rodríguez,2016;Claudet et al.,2020),leading Member States Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)in 2010 to agree to cover 10%of their coastal and marine areas with MPAs by 2020(Aichi Target 11).In 2020 MPAs cover 5.3%world’s oceans,with 2.5%in no-take marine reserves offering protection,even though a global no-take coverage of at least 30%of the world’s oceans by 2030 has been proposed(Marine Conservation Institute;http://www.mpatlas.org/progress/proposals/).展开更多
The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities lo...The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities locally and globally.This opinion editorial describes the importance of research and monitoring in the Ross Sea and identifies opportunities and barriers to enhance them.展开更多
Cuba has been leading marine protected area(MPA)designation in the Caribbean region to ensure conservation of its valuable marine ecosystems.Yet,an efficient monitoring program for MPAs is still to be implemented and ...Cuba has been leading marine protected area(MPA)designation in the Caribbean region to ensure conservation of its valuable marine ecosystems.Yet,an efficient monitoring program for MPAs is still to be implemented and will benefit from pre-existing information.The highly regulated MPA of Punta Francés National Park is one of the first Cuban MPAs and was established mainly to protect species and ecosystems for tourism purposes.Monitoring of protection effects on commercial fish species was lacking in this MPA.This study aimed at increasing local scientific knowledge by providing a baseline study about the most commercially fished families(Haemulidae,Lutjanidae and Serranidae)around Punta Francés MPA.Data collected represent only a limited period but can be used as a base point to support future monitoring.Fish abundance in number and biomass,and size were collected to test for differences between inside and adjacent areas outside the Punta Francés MPA,in different coral reef types.The main result of this study was the significantly larger size and biomass of snappers and groupers outside the MPA where intense fisheries occur.An observation consistent with a large spawning aggregation was also recorded outside the MPA.Even with a limited set of data,these results suggest that,at least temporarily,the most targeted species[and sizes]are still highly vulnerable to fisheries.Relevant habitats in the adjacent area,that are apparently missing within the MPA,may support some of the results found.Extending the limits of the Punta Francés MPA to include those habitats outside may be critical to ensure the effectiveness of this MPA in contributing to protect the most commercial species of the region.This should be done together with efficient fisheries management measures in the region,such as the significantly increase of minimum legal sizes and temporal closures during spawning migrations.展开更多
The perceptions of fishers towards the Arrábida Marine Park,a marine protected area(MPA)in the west coast of Portugal,were studied through face-to-face interviews in two different moments of the MPA life cycle.Fi...The perceptions of fishers towards the Arrábida Marine Park,a marine protected area(MPA)in the west coast of Portugal,were studied through face-to-face interviews in two different moments of the MPA life cycle.Fishers'perceptions about the MPA and the impact it had on the fishing activity over time were identified just before the full implementation of the zoning and regulations of the management plan and 10 years later.This study aimed to investigate fishers'knowledge,acceptance and perceptions about the MPA changed with time,if support for the MPA was linked to the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity,and if fishers'perceptions about the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity match with local landings trends.Results show that although knowledge about the marine park significantly improved over time,fishers'acceptance did not.A decrease on fishers'support was not substantial but occurred.Issues such as the disagreement with regulations reinforced concerns raised during the implementation of the marine park,particularly in relation to the top-down decision-making,which commonly confers minor participation,recognition and legitimacy to fishers.Apparently,fisheries benefits were still not perceived by local fishers,though they are central for fishers'support.Further,the perceived negative impacts of the park seemed to be more related to social aspects and individual interests than to impacts on catches.Addressing adequate management,enforcement and participation of local fishers is still possible and are advocated here as to contribute to the expected socioecological outcomes and respective support,leading to the future successful performance of the Arrábida Marine Park.Assessing fishers’perceptions towards an MPA over time is central and should be included on periodical socioecological monitoring and inform an effective adaptive management.展开更多
基金The study was financially supported under the contract number 3/CPMP/PNBA/2017 by the French Development Agency(AFD-Agence França),the French Facility for Global Environment(FFEM)and the Trust-Fund for the Banc d’Arguin and the Coastal&Marine Biodiversity Trust Fund(BACoMaB-Mauritania.
文摘Mauritania is characterized by fast-growing fisheries that have developed over the past several decades from low levels of fishing to intense fishing and have led to severe decreases in biomass and severe signs of overexploitation.To ensure sustainable fisheries,a primary goal of science-based fisheries policy is to provide an adequate conservation status of marine habitats that are directly,or indirectly,fundamental for the lifecycle of fish populations of commercial interest.The National Park of Banc d’Arguin has been recognized for its nursery and fish biomass export functions.In this paper,we present the economic value of the fish provisioning service of marine coastal ecosystems of the protected area.We estimated the added value of artisanal fisheries,the spatial distribution of fishing activities,the contribution of the Park to the Mauritanian fisheries and the heritage value of artisanal fisheries.Overall,the average added value for artisanal fisheries is about 43 million MRU(1 million euros)over the period 2006–2017.It mainly benefits to the ship-owners,which generates inequalities and threatens the livelihoods of the Imraguen.The spatial distribution of fishing activities and associated revenues shows high variability throughout the years,the seasons and the geographic areas,and reveals the high adaptability of Imraguen fishers.Fishing grounds are mostly located close to the shore,associated with seagrass beds,confirming the service of fish provisioning rendered by this ecosystem.Furthermore,the high productivity of seagrass beds contributes to the spill-over of biomass.The contribution of the Park to fishing activities that occur within the Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone is estimated to 15%,representing an added value creation of 3.2 billion MRU(71 million euros).The heritage value of the fisheries is assessed,through fishers’willingness to accept to stop their fishing activities,at 17.5 million MRU(0.4 million euros).Thus,this paper highlights the necessity of incorporating an ecosystem-based approach along with fishers’knowledge and adaptability into future conservation plan of the National Park of Banc d’Arguin and fisheries management at the local,national and regional scale.
文摘Marine Protected Areas(MPAs)have long been recognized to be effective tools for spatial management,conservation of biodiversity and fisheries enhancement(Rodríguez-Rodríguez,2016;Claudet et al.,2020),leading Member States Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)in 2010 to agree to cover 10%of their coastal and marine areas with MPAs by 2020(Aichi Target 11).In 2020 MPAs cover 5.3%world’s oceans,with 2.5%in no-take marine reserves offering protection,even though a global no-take coverage of at least 30%of the world’s oceans by 2030 has been proposed(Marine Conservation Institute;http://www.mpatlas.org/progress/proposals/).
基金funded by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (www.asoc.org)
文摘The Ross Sea region is a biologically rich and dynamic environment and,although protected under various instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System,is threatened by a changing climate and increasing human activities locally and globally.This opinion editorial describes the importance of research and monitoring in the Ross Sea and identifies opportunities and barriers to enhance them.
基金Thanks to all technicians and friends who made this work possible.B.H.C.was supported by Portuguese national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.,in the scope of Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0038This study also received Portuguese national funds from FCT through Project UID/Multi/04326/2019.
文摘Cuba has been leading marine protected area(MPA)designation in the Caribbean region to ensure conservation of its valuable marine ecosystems.Yet,an efficient monitoring program for MPAs is still to be implemented and will benefit from pre-existing information.The highly regulated MPA of Punta Francés National Park is one of the first Cuban MPAs and was established mainly to protect species and ecosystems for tourism purposes.Monitoring of protection effects on commercial fish species was lacking in this MPA.This study aimed at increasing local scientific knowledge by providing a baseline study about the most commercially fished families(Haemulidae,Lutjanidae and Serranidae)around Punta Francés MPA.Data collected represent only a limited period but can be used as a base point to support future monitoring.Fish abundance in number and biomass,and size were collected to test for differences between inside and adjacent areas outside the Punta Francés MPA,in different coral reef types.The main result of this study was the significantly larger size and biomass of snappers and groupers outside the MPA where intense fisheries occur.An observation consistent with a large spawning aggregation was also recorded outside the MPA.Even with a limited set of data,these results suggest that,at least temporarily,the most targeted species[and sizes]are still highly vulnerable to fisheries.Relevant habitats in the adjacent area,that are apparently missing within the MPA,may support some of the results found.Extending the limits of the Punta Francés MPA to include those habitats outside may be critical to ensure the effectiveness of this MPA in contributing to protect the most commercial species of the region.This should be done together with efficient fisheries management measures in the region,such as the significantly increase of minimum legal sizes and temporal closures during spawning migrations.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the BIOMARES LIFE project(LIFE06 NAT/P/000192)the ERA-Net BiodivERsA project“BUFFER-Partially protected areas as buffers to increase the linked social-ecological resilience”,with the national funders ANR(France),FCT(Portugal),FOR-MAS and SEPA(Sweden)and RCN(Norway).C.P.would also like to acknowledge FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM(UID/AMB/50017/2019)+2 种基金through national funds.B.H.C.was supported by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.,in the scope of Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0038.G.Fwas supported by a PhD grant from Programas de Doutoramento FCT.I.S.was financed by a PhD grant from FCT,SFRH/BD/80771/2011This study received Portuguese national funds from FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology through the strategic project UID/Multi/04326/2019 and UID/MAR/04292/2019.
文摘The perceptions of fishers towards the Arrábida Marine Park,a marine protected area(MPA)in the west coast of Portugal,were studied through face-to-face interviews in two different moments of the MPA life cycle.Fishers'perceptions about the MPA and the impact it had on the fishing activity over time were identified just before the full implementation of the zoning and regulations of the management plan and 10 years later.This study aimed to investigate fishers'knowledge,acceptance and perceptions about the MPA changed with time,if support for the MPA was linked to the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity,and if fishers'perceptions about the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity match with local landings trends.Results show that although knowledge about the marine park significantly improved over time,fishers'acceptance did not.A decrease on fishers'support was not substantial but occurred.Issues such as the disagreement with regulations reinforced concerns raised during the implementation of the marine park,particularly in relation to the top-down decision-making,which commonly confers minor participation,recognition and legitimacy to fishers.Apparently,fisheries benefits were still not perceived by local fishers,though they are central for fishers'support.Further,the perceived negative impacts of the park seemed to be more related to social aspects and individual interests than to impacts on catches.Addressing adequate management,enforcement and participation of local fishers is still possible and are advocated here as to contribute to the expected socioecological outcomes and respective support,leading to the future successful performance of the Arrábida Marine Park.Assessing fishers’perceptions towards an MPA over time is central and should be included on periodical socioecological monitoring and inform an effective adaptive management.
