Evaluation of Agricultural Contamination Level by Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediments of Rivers and Water Bodies for Shrimp Fishing in the Lower Ouémé: Case of the Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele Stations in Benin

This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.

尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常分析

目的探讨尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常病例的FISH检测结果特点与最终活检病理结果的相关性,进一步完善FISH阳性诊断标准。方法收集847例行尿脱落细胞FISH检测,选择其中不符合阳性标准、但存在大量单染色体拷贝的5例作为研究对象,分析它们的临床特征、FISH检测结果特点、脱落细胞学特征和活检组织病理学检测结果。结果观察相应区域100个核异质上皮细胞,例1显示3号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数32个;例2显示17号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数48个;例3显示17号染色体5倍体扩增,异常细胞数56个;例4显示17号染色体单倍体,异常细胞数67个;例5显示p16基因杂合子缺失,异常细胞数61个,其它染色体均无异常。5例活检病理结果均为低级别或高级别乳头状尿路上皮癌。结论在临床实践中,尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常的病例应引起重视,将其归入可疑阳性比较合适,从而能提高尿FISH检测的敏感性,使患者获益。

一种Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航行人室内定位方法

为了研究基于智能手机的行人室内定位方法,并提高其精度,本文提出了一种基于Wi-Fi往返时间(RTT)、惯性测量单元(IMU)的定位系统。该方法主要包括3部分:(1)使用扩展卡尔曼滤波融合测距信息的Wi-Fi RTT室内定位方法;(2)适用于多手机使用模式的航位推算方法,该方法基于长短时记忆模型(LSTM)建立神经网络模型,预测行人运动速度及航向;(3)基于误差状态卡尔曼滤波的Wi-Fi RTT/数据驱动惯性导航融合定位方法,进一步提高定位精度。试验结果表明,与单一的基于Wi-Fi RTT方法和数据驱动惯性导航方法相比,本文方法的平均定位精度提升了10%~20%。

IHC与FISH在乳腺癌HER2蛋白表达和基因扩增检测中的应用

目的比较免疫组织化学法(immunohistochemisity,IHC)和荧光原位杂交法(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在乳腺癌患者中检测人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)的应用。方法2019年2月至2022年1月本院收治158例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,均采用IHC和FISH检测HER2的蛋白表达和基因扩增情况,比较两种方法的检测结果和一致性。结果IHC结果显示158例患者中HER2(1+)、HER2(2+)、HER2(3+)分别为5例(3.16%)、97例(61.39%)、56例(35.44%),FISH结果显示HER2扩增73例(46.20%),未扩增85例(53.80%),其中,HER2(1+)患者FISH均显示未扩增,阴性符合率为100%;HER2(3+)患者FISH均显示扩增,阳性符合率为100%;97例HER2(2+)患者FISH显示扩增17例,阳性符合率为17.52%。两种方法检测HER2一致性较好且具有统计学意义(Kappa值=0.775,P<0.05)。结论HIC与FISH在乳腺癌患者HER2表达检测中一致性较好,可在临床推广使用,必要时需结合两种方法检测。

基于Wi-Fi指纹且计算外包的室内定位隐私保护方案

为了解决室内定位中用户和服务器双方的隐私保护问题,提出了一种在使用Paillier加密的过程中将部分计算外包给云服务器的方案,这不仅保护了用户和定位服务器的隐私,而且避免了产生过大的计算和通信开销。该方案的主要思想是服务器先在离线阶段建立指纹数据库,在线阶段用户将k匿名算法和Paillier加密结合,将加密后的Wi-Fi指纹发送给定位服务器,服务器对接收到的Wi-Fi指纹和数据库指纹进行聚合处理,然后外包给云服务器进行解密和距离计算,最终得到定位结果。理论分析和实验结果表明了所提方案的安全性、有效性和实用性。

基于Wi-Fi感知的多用户身份识别研究

随着无线感知技术的发展,基于Wi-Fi的身份识别研究在人机交互和家居安防等领域备受关注。尽管基于Wi-Fi信号的身份识别已经取得了初步的成功,但是目前主要适用于用户独立行为场景,并发行为下的多用户身份识别仍然面临着一系列挑战,包括用户之间的相互干扰以及模型鲁棒性差等问题。因此,提出了一种并发行为下多用户身份识别系统Wiblack,其核心思想是训练一个多分支深度神经网络(Wiblack-Net)来提取每个单用户的独特特征。首先,利用主干网络提取多用户之间的共同特征;然后,为每个用户分配一个二分类器以此判断给定群体中是否存在目标用户,在此基础上基于并发行为实现多个用户身份识别。此外,将Wiblack与多个独立的二分类模型和单个多分类模型进行对比实验,对运行效率和系统性能进行分析。实验结果显示,在同时识别3个用户身份时,Wibalck平均准确率达到了92.97%,平均精确度为93.71%,平均召回率为93.24%,平均F1值为92.43%。

Identification of Fishing State of Purse Seine Fishing Vessels Based on Multi-Indices

With the popularization of vessel satellite AIS(automatic identification system)equipment and the continuous improve-ment of the AIS data’s coverage,continuity and effectiveness,AIS has become an important data source to study the navigation char-acteristics of vessel groups.This study established an identification model to extract the fishing state and intensity information of fishing vessels,based on the AIS data of purse seine fishing vessels,combined with the variables of vessel position,speed and course.Expert experience,spatial statistics and data mining analysis methods were applied to establish the model,and the Western and Cen-tral Pacific Ocean areas were studied.The results showed that the overall accuracy of identification of the fishing state using Support Vector Machine method is higher,and the method has a good modeling effect.The spatial distribution characteristics of the vessels’fishing intensity based on AIS data showed a significant cluster distribution pattern.The obtained high-intensity fishing area can be used as a prediction of purse seine fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific areas.Through the processing and research of AIS data,this study provided important scientific support for the identification of fishing state of purse seine fishing vessels.The spatial fishing intensity of fishing vessels based on AIS data can also be used for the analysis of fishery resources and fishing grounds,and further serve the sustainable development of marine fisheries.

基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法

[目的]针对现有的坐姿监测方法存在的接触式、隐私性低、成本高、部署不方便等问题对坐姿监测方法进行研究.[方法]提出基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法.该方法在不同坐姿下采集商用路由器的Wi-Fi信道状态信息,结合卷积神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络建立坐姿分类模型,融合采样窗口内信道状态信息的幅值和相位数据,并充分提取数据的空间和时间特征,提高坐姿分类精度.在对原始相位数据进行预处理时,提出了近邻子载波差值阈值补偿方法,有效地解决了不同子载波的相位旋绕不同步的问题.[结果]搭建坐姿监测环境,对办公或学习场景下的5种常见坐姿进行分类.实验证明,该坐姿监测方法对坐姿分类有较高的准确率,对所有坐姿分类的平均准确率达到91.23%.[结论]本文提出的基于Wi-Fi信道状态信息的坐姿监测方法,具有非接触式、隐私性高、成本低、部署方便等特点,且对坐姿分类准确率高,在坐姿监测系统的研究上具有一定的实用价值.

Safety Equipment in Artisanal Maritime Fishing in Gabon: Between Adaptation and the Weight of Socio-Cultural Logics at the Libreville Artisanal Fishing Center (CAPAL)

Maritime safety equipment allows to prevent and minimize the risks inherent to navigation at sea. However, in the artisanal maritime fishery in Gabon, fishermen are confronted with the major difficulty of the inaccessibility of protective tools to carry out fishing trips in all peace of mind. The absence of equipment to help maritime navigation poses the problem of insecurity in which the various artisanal fishermen work, often victims of numerous accidents at sea. This article aims at highlighting the difficulties of accessibility, by the fishermen, of all the conventional protection tools recommended by the administrations. In fact, the methodology used is based on the consultation of official reports and publications on the subject, field observations and semi-structured interviews with 110 actors. The results obtained reveal, on the one hand, a plethora of conventional protective equipment required of fishing vessels. On the other hand, they reveal the high cost of safety equipment which creates, among the professionals concerned, a reluctance to acquire all of the said tools and forces the interested parties to associate them very often with the traditional procedures for rescue at sea.

Scale and Associated Factors of Using Pyrethroid-Impregnated Mosquito Nets as Fishing Tools on Nokoué Lake within Sô-Ava Municipality in Benin, 2020

Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated by the pyrethroids impregnated in the nets. This study aims to determine the scale and factors associated with the use of pyrethroid-impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools in the municipality of Sô-Ava in Benin. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with two components. First, a quantitative component was made up of 280 volunteers who were interviewed in the seven districts of the city. Data collection was done in two phases: the first from September to October 2020, and the second in August 2022. Data were analyzed with Stata and logistic regression was used. Another qualitative component was made up of forty participants chosen by reasoned choice, of which 32 were split into four focus groups of eight members each, and the rest participated in semi-structured interviews. Triangulation of the different sources was used to analyze the data. Results: Around 67% of the population reported using impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools and 33% exclusively for malaria. Seasonal fishermen (ORa = 2.03, CI = 1.35 - 4.97, P = 0.004) and years of professional experience (ORa = 1.53, CI = 1.00 - 2.05, P = 0.021) increase the risk of using these nets as fishing tools. The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against mosquitoes causes skin scratching and impairs breathing because of the impregnation products, as reported by respondents. Conclusion: A high prevalence of inappropriate use of impregnated mosquito nets in fishing practices is highlighted in this study. Interviews in the field revealed that nets are diverted for fishing purposes to increase the volume of catches. Consequently, it will be appropriate to assess the pyrethroid content in water and fishery products.

基于Wi-Fi Sensing的无感检测技术

随着智能家居的推广普及,对于移动物体的行为感知成为热点技术。相比于传统的信息检测技术,新型的基于Wi-Fi信号的设备无关被动入侵检测,能够在无需用户做任何干预也不影响人员隐私安全的情况下实现对于行为的检测判断,这和使用摄像头或红外检测形成显著差异,成为研究热点。该文基于Wi-Fi芯片平台采集物理层信道状态信息,构建与移动载体信息相关的检测模型,结合大数据分析和智能算法,给出相关的实现方案,并基于实验验证实现从无线信道中捕捉波形特征,验证方案的有效性,结合结果分析也为后续精度的进一步提升提供改进方向。

Effects of Different Spatial Resolutions on Prediction Accuracy of Thunnus alalunga Fishing Ground in Waters Near the Cook Islands Based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)Neural Network Model

Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)is one of the target species of tuna longline fishing,and waters near the Cook Islands are a vital albacore tuna fishing ground.Marine environmental data are usually presented with different spatial resolutions,which leads to different results in tuna fishery prediction.Study on the impact of different spatial resolutions on the prediction accuracy of albacore tuna fishery to select the best spatial resolution can contribute to better management of albacore tuna resources.The nominal catch per unit effort(CPUE)of albacore tuna is calculated according to vessel monitor system(VMS)data collected from Chinese distantwater fishery enterprises from January 1,2017 to May 31,2021.A total of 26 spatiotemporal and environmental factors,including temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen of 0–300 m water layer,chlorophyll-a concentration in the sea surface,sea surface height,month,longitude,and latitude,were selected as variables.The temporal resolution of the variables was daily and the spatial resolutions were set to be 0.5°×0.5°,1°×1°,2°×2°,and 5°×5°.The relationship between the nominal CPUE and each individual factor was analyzed to remove the factors irrelavant to the nominal CPUE,together with a multicollinearity diagnosis on the factors to remove factors highly related to the other factors within the four spatial resolutions.The relationship models between CPUE and spatiotemporal and environmental factors by four spatial resolutions were established based on the long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network model.The mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE)were used to analyze the fitness and accuracy of the models,and to determine the effects of different spatial resolutions on the prediction accuracy of the albacore tuna fishing ground.The results show the resolution of 1°×1°can lead to the best prediction accuracy,with the MAE and RMSE being 0.0268 and 0.0452 respectively,followed by 0.5°×0.5°,2°×2°and 5°×5°with declining prediction accuracy.The results suggested that 1)albacore tuna fishing ground can be predicted by LSTM;2)the VMS records the data in detail and can be used scientifically to calculate the CPUE;3)correlation analysis,and multicollinearity diagnosis are necessary to improve the prediction accuracy of the model;4)the spatial resolution should be 1°×1°in the forecast of albacore tuna fishing ground in waters near the Cook Islands.

基于通感一体化的Wi-Fi卸载匹配算法

针对目前移动数据流量激增所导致的通感一体化无线通信网络系统中的拥塞和过载问题,提出一种基于通感一体化的Wi-Fi卸载匹配算法。首先,基于信息论综合考虑系统的通信吞吐量和感知互信息量,定义系统的效用函数,在满足用户QoS的同时最大化系统的总效用;其次,基于图论的思想建立Wi-Fi信道分配算法为每个Wi-Fi接入点分配信道,并将用户的接入选择问题建立为具有外部性的多对一匹配博弈模型。仿真结果表明,所设计的卸载策略能够提高系统的总效用,缓解基站处的数据压力。

IHC、FISH、qRT-PCR检测NSCLC ALK融合基因的对比分析

目的对比分析免疫组化(IHC)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)ALK融合基因情况。方法收集453例NSCLC标本。随机选取IHC检测的ALK融合基因不同表达程度标本40例[ALK(-)、(+)、(2+)、(3+)标本各10例],采用FISH和qRT-PCR法分别检测各组ALK融合基因表达水平,并进行一致性分析。结果IHC与FISH、qRT-PCR的ALK融合基因检测结果比较,IHC ALK(-)/(3+)与FISH、qRT-PCR检测结果一致率均为100%,具有高度一致性(r=0.781、r=0.740,P<0.05)。FISH与qRT-PCR的检测结果一致率为97.5%,具有高度一致性(r=0.943,P<0.05)。结论FISH、qRT-PCR法与IHC法检测在不同表达程度ALK融合基因样本中检测结果存在差别,IHC敏感性更高。FISH、qRT-PCR法在ALK融合基因样本的检测结果具有高度一致性。

Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (7/6.5%) sec (6/5.5%), and sea (5/4.6%) for staphylococcal enterotoxins, seln (14/12.9%), selq (8/7.4%), for enterotoxin-like toxin gene and eta (3/2.7%) for exfoliative toxin genes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus strains isolated from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Monitoring toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus is invaluable for better prevention of food poisoning.

Fishing Production and Fishing Changes in Hong Kong after the Ground Trawl Ban of 31st December 2012:A Geospatial Evaluation

From data published by the Hong Kong SAR(HKSAR)government in their two sole fisheries surveys of 2006 and 2016/2017,the current authors produced regional maps using spatial interpolation to more accurately describe and estimate the geographic coverage of changes in fishing production in Hong Kong waters since the ground trawl ban of 2012 December 31st.These suggest the fishing industry has adapted to smaller craft,and that fishing production increased in several areas in the period after the ground trawl ban came into effect.In addition,the maps enable a smoother assessment to be made of the geospatial changes in fishing production which have occurred since the ground trawl ban and suggest a‘workaround’by fishermen.In particular,small fishing craft known as sampans are able to take advantage by being more suitable vessels for areas such as narrower or shallower bays.Marine plastics pollution is also a proxy indicator of these activities,as evidenced by discarded fishing gear that includes plastic nets,floats,and other fishing boat equipment.

基于Wi-Fi定位技术的建筑使用者动态信息研究

合理的能耗运营管理是建筑节能的有效途径。由于大型公共建筑内部人员动态信息收集难度大,目前大部分建筑节能策略采取约束室内人员行为的方法,其操作程序复杂、节能效率低下。因此,借助Wi-Fi定位技术提出一种精度高、经济性好的室内定位方法,实时收集建筑使用者的实际位置和行动,掌握使用者的基本行动规律,为开展更具科学性的能耗管理与优化奠定基础。

Assessment of the Characteristics of Demersal Fish Communities Using Species-and Trait-Based Approaches in the Coastal Habitats Along Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China

Biodiversity declines have motivated many studies on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning.In this study,we described the spatial-temporal characteristics of demersal fish communities along a coastal habitat in Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China with both species-based and biological trait-based approaches.The field survey was carried out monthly using traps from April to October of 2018,and divided into three seasons(spring:April and May;summer:June,July and August;autumn:September,October and November).The study area included five distinct habitats:seagrass bed,natural rocky reef,bare sand,artificial reef together with natural rocky reef,and artificial reef together with bare sand.We analyzed the fish communities with three taxonomic diversity indices,including Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Pielou Evenness,as well as four functional diversity indices,including FRic,FEve,FDiv,and FDis,based on 7 functional groups which are categorized into 27 traits.The results showed that there were no significant differences in taxonomic diversity indices among different habitats in the three seasons.However,significant differences were found in the functional richness of fish communities among different habitats in three seasons.Seagrass bed represented the highest functional richness in spring and autumn.This study demonstrates that seagrass bed is very important in enhancing the functional diversity of fish communities in a complex habitat.The study also indicates that the combination of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity will provide a more detailed description of the characteristics of fish communities.

Fishing Dynamic and Stock Status of Endeavour Shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)in Bombana Waters,South-East Celebes

The high market demand for endeavour shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)has caused intensive fishing for this resource and tends to threaten their sustainability.Assessment of fishing dynamic and stock status of fisheries resource is the main point to formulate its proper sustainable management in the future.The purpose of this study was to determine the stock status of endeavour shrimp in the Bombana and its surrounding waters.The study was conducted from April to November 2021 using a survey method to analyze the length at first capture(L_(c)),length at first maturity(L_(m)),growth rate(K),maximum theoretical carapace length(Loo),and mortality rate such as total mortality rate(Z),fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M).The study results revealed that the endeavour shrimp growth pattern in Bombana was negative allometric and that the ratio of males and females was not balanced.The length at first capture(L_(c))was 29.83 mm(carapace length)and the length at first maturity(L_(m))was at a total carapace length of 31.67 mm.The growth rate(K)was 1.0 per year and maximum theoretical length(L_(∞))was 46.2 mm.The estimate total mortality rate(Z)was 2.52 per year,the fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M)were 0.91 per year and 1.61 per year respectively.The exploitation rate(E)was 0.36 per year,therefore the stock status is not categorized overfishing.In order to ensure the sustainability of the endeavour shrimp,then the effort must be increased by about 28%of the current effort.

Distribution and Contamination of Arsenic in Fish, Gastropods and Bivalves in the Aby and Tendo Lagoons in East of Ivory Coast

Lagoons are ecosystems for biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities. The main objective of the study was to analyze the variability of arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves in the Aby and Tendo lagoons, taking into account spatial, seasonal and hydrological variations. The study was carried out in four stages spread over two successive hydroclimatic cycles, including two seasons during the rainy season and two more during the dry season. The samples were taken in two areas of the Aby and Tendo lagoons. Arsenic levels were measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that mean arsenic concentrations in the muscles of organisms in Aby Lagoon ranged from 0.01 to 1.26 μg As/g, with a mean and median of 0.17 and 0.06 μg As/g, respectively. Fish had the highest levels of arsenic, followed by crustaceans, while molluscs and plants had lower and comparable concentrations of As. Arsenic concentrations in tilapia and jawbones varied significantly between sites and seasons, with higher concentrations at Tendo and during the rainy season. Arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves were significantly higher than those of other species, with averages of 0.74 and 1.03 mg As/kg, respectively.