The Impact of Music Education on Children’s Cognitive Development:From Traditional Classrooms to Modern Digital Platforms

Music education has long been debated for its influence on children’s cognitive development,particularly regarding their thinking methods and adaptability.This article synthesizes research data to examine the cognitive benefits of music instruction,including increased IQ,language proficiency,memory,and attention.Traditional face-to-face training,while personalized and socially interactive,faces limitations such as budget constraints and accessibility.Modern digital platforms offer individualized learning paths with AI-driven feedback but may lack necessary interpersonal interaction.This paper proposes a hybrid approach to music education,integrating traditional and digital methods to maximize cognitive gains.Further research is recommended to explore the implementation of these integrated learning strategies in varied educational settings.

Does Light Exposure during Embryonic Development Affect Cognitive Behavior in a Lizard?

Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.

Development and validation of a screening instrument for cognitive fluctuation in patientswith neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies(NCDLB):the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version

Background Prevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies （NCDLB） is low in Asian populations, which may partially refect its diagnostic diffculty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fuctuation, has been shown to signifcantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer＇s disease.Aim This study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.Methods The Mayo Fluctuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, feld testing of the prefnal version, as well as fnal adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included. Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients＇ diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders （DSM）-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders （NCDs）, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specifcity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specifcity of 93.1%.Conclusion The Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specifc clinical conditions are required.

Constructs of L.S.Vygotsky:Studies in Cognitive Development:Implications for Computer Gaming

This brief paper will attempt to present some of the more important contributions of Vygotsky to understand cognitive development and implications for computer gaming summarized through five relevant studies that have investigated various aspects of Vygoskyan concepts in child and adolescent cognitive development.Each of these selected scoping reviewed,and historical studies contributes to the understanding of social transmission of cognitive and reasoning skills in and out of family context.These may be extended to computer gaming and role play experiences at various stages of development.The selected studies offer some confirmation of Vygotsky’s theorized concepts of the social and interactional aspects of cognitive development in a variety of contexts.Although there are some methodological considerations for each study with respect to generalizability and replication,each offers some support for the social and interactional model of development and as these would apply to implications for computerized gaming as an aspect of development.

Geographic Models of Socioeconomic and Cognitive Development: A Test in Peru

Few explanations of geography’s influence on economic and cognitive development have been proposed.This study was purported to test three development models based on absolute latitude(AL)and additionally addressed altitude above sea level and the particular case of the Amazonía in Peru.Information on 1468 Peruvian districts was obtained from Peru’s Ministry of Education and United Nations Development Program’s Human Development Report.The data were best fitted by ad hoc path models which combined AL with altitude and took different forms in the Amazonía and remainder of Peru.AL+altitude explained education+health,and income,through cognitive ability in the Amazonía.In the remainder of Peru,AL–altitude explained income and cognitive ability through education+health,with an additional,weak but significant,direct AL→cognitive ability path.The findings add to evidence suggesting the mediation of UV radiation in the relationship between latitude and development.

Low Blood Lead Concentrations and Cognitive Development of Primary School Children from Three Areas in Malaysia

A study on to identify the relationship between blood lead and cognitive development was conducted on primary school children in Malaysia. About 413 children aged 62^/1 - 82^/1 years from urban （236）, rural （80） and industrial areas （97） were studied. Blood lead was analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer （GFAAS）. Cognitive development was measured by the ＇McCarthy Scales of Children＇s Abilities Test＇ （MSCA）. Significant differences found in the mean cognitive scores between the urban （94.40）, industrial （102.90） and suburban children （101.24） （p 〈 0.001）, with the blood lead between the urban （3.66 p.g/dL）, industrial （3.54 μg/dL） and suburban children （3.04μg/dL） （p = 0.022）. Significant inverse correlations between blood lead and cognitive scores found for all groups （p 〈 0.001）, urban （p 〈 0.001） and suburban children （p 〈 0.001）. Low blood lead significantly influenced the cognitive development for all children after adjusting for confounders （p _〈 0.001）. The urban children＇s cognitive scores were significantly influenced by blood lead levels and household income （p 〈 0.001）. However, for the suburban children, the cognitive score were significantly influenced by the blood lead levels, the mothers＇ education, number of siblings, sequence in the family and the household income （p 〈 0.001 ）. Blood lead below 10μg/dL influenced the cognitive development. Urban children had higher blood lead but suburban children with lower blood lead were also vulnerable to the effect of lead on their cognitive development.

Research on British and American Literature Research and Development Trend based on Cognitive Theory and Style Analysis

In this paper, we conduct theoretical research on British and American literature research and development trend based on cognitive theory and style analysis. Literature as a form of historical culture, the culture of different era, can better reflect the social culture background. Into contact with the cultural background of English-speaking countries, for teachers of English teaching and students＇ English learning has great significance. Under the basic influence of cultural background in English countries, learning English, will quickly understand the characteristics of syntax and understand the charm of language. Works covered by historical background, English can help students experience a good text artistic conception, thus extended thinking. Under this background, we integrate the basic cognitive theory and style analysis to propose the literature research and development trend that will assist the English community to find better developmental orientation.

Children's Social Emotional and Cognitive Development Association with Parent and Sibling

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the impact on children's development from parents and siblings differed in many aspects through literature review. From the literature review, it shows that parents and siblings contribute differently to children's emotional, social and cognitive development to some extent. Besides,it seems that having a sibling is more likely to benefit the younger siblings, not the older one.

An Overview of Teacher Cognition and Teacher Development through Reflective Teaching

The study of teacher cognition aims to shed light on these cognitive processes and structures,to explore their origins and development,and to understand their relationships to what teachers do and teachers' development through reflective teaching also adds certain beliefs into teacher cognition.

Reshaping the Cortical Connectivity Gradient by Long-Term Cognitive Training During Development

The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.

Exploration of Children's Language Acquisition and Teaching Based on Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

This paper explores children's language acquisition process and its application in educational practice based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Piaget's theory emphasizes that children's cognitive abilities develop progressively through different stages,from sensorimotor to concrete operational stages.Children's language acquisition progresses from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract during these stages.The paper integrates theoretical discussions on how to design effective language teaching strategies according to children's cognitive development characteristics to promote their language proficiency and overall cognitive development.

Research on Creation Strategies of Picture Books for Children’s Cognitive and Imaginative Development

This paper discusses the creation strategies of picture books for children’s cognitive and imaginative development,and proposes that picture book creation should closely focus on the needs of children’s cognitive and imaginative development.Through analysis,this paper summarizes the effective strategies in the creation of picture books,aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the design of children’s picture books,and further promote the comprehensive development of children’s cognitive and imaginative abilities.

Effects of CXCR7-neutralizing antibody on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and cognitive function in the chronic phase of cerebral ischemia

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 are essential regulators of the neurogenesis that occurs in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus.However,the effects of CXCR7,a new atypical receptor of stromal cell-derived factor-1,on hippocampal neurogenesis after a stroke remain largely unknown.Our study is the first to investigate the effect of a CXCR7-neutralizing antibody on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and the associated recovery of cognitive function of rats in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia.The rats were randomly divided into sham,sham+anti-CXCR7,ischemia and ischemia+anti-CXCR7 groups.Endothelin-1 was injected in the ipsilateral motor cortex and striatum to induce focal cerebral ischemia.Sham group rats were injected with saline instead of endothelin-1 via intracranial injection.Both sham and ischemic rats were treated with intraventricular infusions of CXCR7-neutralizing antibodies for 6 days 1 week after surgery.Immunofluorescence staining with doublecortin,a marker for neuronal precursors,was performed to assess the neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.We found that anti-CXCR7 antibody infusion enhanced the proliferation and dendritic development of doublecortin-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus in both ischemic and sham-operated rats.Spatial learning and memory functions were assessed by Morris water maze tests 30-32 days after ischemia.CXCR7-neutralizing antibody treatment significantly reduced the escape latency of the spatial navigation trial and increased the time spent in the target quadrant of spatial probe trial in animals that received ischemic insult,but not in sham operated rats.These results suggest that CXCR7-neutralizing antibody enhances the neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and improves the cognitive function after cerebral ischemia in rats.All animal experimental protocols and procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University(CMU16089 R)on December 8,2016.

Bumetanide promotes neural precursor cell regeneration and dendritic development in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia

Bumetanide has been shown to lessen cerebral edema and reduce the infarct area in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. Few studies focus on the effects of bumetanide on neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. We established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by injecting endothelin-1 in the left cortical motor area and left corpus striatum. Seven days later, bumetanide 200 μg/kg/day was injected into the lateral ventricle for 21 consecutive days with a mini-osmotic pump. Results demonstrated that the number of neuroblasts cells and the total length of dendrites increased, escape latency reduced, and the number of platform crossings increased in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus in the chronic stage of cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest that bumetanide promoted neural precursor cell regeneration, dendritic development and the recovery of cognitive function, and protected brain tissue in the chronic stage of ischemia.

Cognitive and functional status after vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation endovascular occlusion

AIM:To study the clinical outcomes of treating vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations(VGAM),we assessed our patient cohort using standardized cognitive and functional measures.METHODS:A retrospective review of patients with VGAM treated by a single practitioner between 2003 and 2009 was performed for this study.In addition to routine clinical assessment,all patients were evaluated for cognitive and functional impairment using validated measures including the Neurobehavioral Rating ScaleRevised,the Bicêtre outcome score,and the Barthel index.RESULTS:Five patients underwent combined transarterial and transvenous embolization of their VGAM during the study period.VGAMs were classified based on angioarchitecture as either choroidal(1/5) or mural(4/5) according to the classification scheme of Lasjaunias.In total,13 embolization procedures were performed consisting of 1 to 3 treatment stages per patient.Complete or near complete occlusion was achieved in 4 patients,while subtotal occlusion was achieved in 1 patient.During follow-up(median 62.6 mo),all patients were either unchanged or cognitively and neurologically intact.CONCLUSION:VGAM can be safely and effectively treated by staged transarterial and transvenous embolization.Using this strategy,excellent long-term cognitive and functional outcomes can be achieved.

Common Childhood Masturbation, But Different Sexual Attitudes in Three Male-at-Birth Adolescents: Possible Implications for Sexual Development

Although the child masturbation is recognized as not uncommon behavior, our understanding of normative sexual development in humans is fairly limited. To investigate the possible relationship between early childhood masturbation and subsequent sexual cognition, we retrospectively researched three adolescents who had been reared male and who masturbated in early childhood in similar ways, but had different subsequent sexual cognition. The three young people all recalled primary sexual pleasure from masturbation at age 4 or 5. Their distinctive sexual attitudes could be discerned at age 15 to 20. One was transgender, one was homosexual, and one was heterosexual. Combining recent findings of the neural mechanisms of sexual pleasure and cognition, it can be inferred that the early sexual pleasure in preschoolers might have little significance for the development of sexual cognition in adolescence.

Bilingualism Gives a Cognitive Advantage

Recent researches have shown bilingualism has an influence on cognition,both negative and positive.This essay aims to discuss the cognitive disadvantages and advantages bilingualism brings,by emphasizing how it affect children’s cognitive devel opment.It will first briefly introduce the disadvantages such as a lower verbal fluency and vocabulary deficit,and then analyse the advantages on non-verbal cognition and attention controlling,a more sensitive metalinguistic awareness and a lower decline rate of cognitive processing.

Nature or Nurture—On the Development of Children's Language

Referring to children's development,especially the development of children's language,there is a question that people are very interested in,that is,does the development of children's language on earth depend on innate inheritance or postnatal environment? In order to answer this question,this paper begins with the definition of the development of children's language,then,expounds some theories on language acquisition,finally,finds out the crucial factors influencing the development of children's language.